This document discusses intestinal obstruction, its causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. Intestinal obstruction is an interruption in the flow of intestinal contents and can be caused by congenital defects, acquired conditions like hernias or tumors, or inflammatory diseases. Patients experience abdominal distension, vomiting, absence of gas or stool, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis involves history, exam, imaging like ultrasound or X-ray, and tests. Treatment consists of IV fluids, gastric decompression, antibiotics, and surgery to remove obstructions or strictures.

1. INTESTINAL
OBSTRUCTION

2. Intestinal obstruction
• It is an interruption in the flow of intestinal contents through
the intestine
• In small or large intestine
• Complete or partial

3. Causes
• Congenital Intestinal obstruction
 Intestinal atresia
 Malrotation of gut
 Meconium plug syndrome
 Meconium ileus
 Annular pancrease
 Mickel’s diverticulum
 Hirshsprung’s disease

4. Acquired intestinal obstruction
• Intussusception
• Volvulus
• Tumor or hematoma
• Hernia and strangulation
• Stricture or stenosis of intestine
• Inflammatory disease
• Foreign body
• Worm mass
• Paralytic ileus

5. Duodenal Atresia
• Duodenal atresia is the congenital absence or complete closure
of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum
• 1 per 5000 to 10,000 live births
• Affecting boys more commonly-
than girls

6. Pathophysiology

7. Clinical manifestation
• Abdominal distension
• Bilious vomiting
• Absence of flatus
• No passage of stool
• Respiratory distress
• Abdominal tenderness
• Shock
• Chance to have trisomy 21

8. Diagnostic evaluation
• History collection
• Physical examination
• USG abdomen
• X ray chest abdomen - double bubble
• Blood test
• CT scan

10. Management
• IV fluids
• Oro or nasogastric aspiration
• Stomach wash
• NPO
• Antibiotics, Antiemetic ,vitamin supplement,
Antacids

11. Surgical management
Laprotomy
• Rescection bowel –strangulated bowel
• Ladd’s band-malrotation
• Enterotomy –foreign bodies
• Stenosis-duodeno/ jejuno duodenostomy