Due 11.22757midterm outline-revised.docxFactors That May Affect.docx

Due 11.22/757midterm outline-revised.docxFactors That May
Affect Liver CancerBrief background
Liver cancer is the globally the sixth most frequent cancer, and
considered as one of diseases that leading death. This paper will
focus on the liver cancer and one important factor of hepatitis B
virus (HBV). The detailed introduction will be discussed, the
characters of HBV will be summarized. And disease control and
treatment will also be mentioned in the article. Bullet key
conclusions for each reference
Study #1: F. Xavier Bosch (2004), “Primary liver cancer:
Worldwide incidence and trends”
Primary liver cancer been indicated that has great geographic
variability. And men are consistently more than women. Also
the poverty should be considered with analysis the distribution
of primary liver cancer. This article mainly using statistical
methods to analysis the primary liver cancer.
Study #2: Joseph F. Perz (2006), “The contributions of hepatitis
B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary
liver cancer worldwide”
For cirrhosis and liver cancer, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and
hepatitis C virus (HCV) been considered as the most factors.
This paper focus on the two viruses’ relationship with
worldwide disease burden. The paper has the results that
indicate HBV and HCV contributed for the majority of cirrhosis
and primary liver cancer throughout most of the world.
Study #3: Chang-min Kim (1991), “HBx gene of hepatitis B
virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice”
Due to the exact role of hepatitis B virus in the development of
liver cancer was unknown. This paper introduce the tests
placing the entire HBx gene under its own regulatory elements
directly into the germline of mice. Based on the analysis, the
development of malignant carcinomas been observed. This
paper raised the animal model for monitoring the expression of

the viral HBx gene and the development of the liver cancer
under the effect.
Study #4: Patricia Arauz-Ruiz (2002), “Genotype H: a new
Amerindian genotype of hepatitis B virus revealed in Central
America”
The article introduced ten hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains of
sequenced the complete genomes with their locations and
genotypes. The author raised there have three sequenced strains
should represent a new HBV genotype H, which has been
encountered in Nicaragua, Mexico and California. Genotype H,
a new likely Amerindian genotype, needs to regard as important
and farther analysis.
Study #5: J.Kapusta (1999), “A plant-derived edible vaccine
against hepatitis B virus”
With the observation of infectious hepatitis B virus spherical
double-shelled particles and its carriers particles consisting of a
viral envelope surface protein, the author raised the characters
of the particles that related to hepatitis B virus vaccine
produced in yeast. With the tests on mice and human volunteers,
hepatitis B virus-specific antibodies been analyzed. Brief
conclusion
In the paper, HBV and liver cancer have been detailed analysis.
With the particular introduction of HBV, visual cognize should
be raised. The ideas for the future study may be proposed.
Cited
1. F.Xavier Bosch, Josepa Ribes, Mireia Díaz, Ramon Cléries.
Primary liver cancer: Worldwide incidence and trends.
Gastroenterology, Volume 127, Issue 5, Supplement 1,
November 2004, Pages S5–S16.
2. Joseph F. Perz, Gregory L. Armstrong, Leigh A. Farrington,
Yvan J.F. Hutin, Beth P. Bell. The contributions of hepatitis B
virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary
liver cancer worldwide. Journal of Hepatology, Volume 45,
Issue 4, October 2006, Pages 529–538.
3. CHANG-MIN KIM, KAZUHIKO KOIKE, IZUMU SAITO,

TATSUO MIYAMURA & GILBERT JAY. HBx gene of
hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice. Nature
351, 317 - 320 (23 May 1991); doi:10.1038/351317a0
4. Patricia Arauz-Ruiz, Helene Norder, Betty H. Robertson,
Lars O. Magnius. Genotype H: a new Amerindian genotype of
hepatitis B virus revealed in Central America. J. Gen. Virol.,
August 2002 83: 2059-2073, DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-8-
2059.
5. J.Kapusta, A. Modelska, M. Figlerowicz, T. Pniewski, M.
Letellier, O.Lisowa, V. Yusibov, A. Plucienniczak, and A. B.
Legocki. A plant-derived edible vaccine against hepatitis B
virus. October 1999. The FASEB Journal, vol. 13 no. 13 1796-
1799
Professor’s comment:
This is much better although not perfect to the standard. I appro
ve but you need to highlight the need to write more on epidemio
logic aspects in the term paper: sample, comparison groups, stu
dy design, risk estimate, confounding and bias.
Due 11.22/Sample Term Paper.docx

Due 11.22/Term Paper.docx
Epidemiology – 2015FS Last name:___________ First
name:______________
Term Paper
DUE Wednesday November 25th
Instructions:Please type your Term Paper using the format
below, save the document with your last name and the words
“TermPaper”, and upload to Blackboard under Assignments, and
then Term Paper or bring a hard copy to class.
Term Paper will be developed from the approved Term Paper
Outline submitted earlier. It basically expands the outline to add
more details and comments about the association reviewed. For
students needing extra help in developing Term Paper after
approved Outline, contact your TAs for additional assistance.
1. Term Paper can be viewed as a mini-review of the association
between one risk factor and one health outcome. In reality, the

epidemiologic investigations often examine multiple exposures
and outcomes, so it is OK to include more than one exposure
and outcome in the final writing but the main focus should stay
the same as the originally described association in the Term
Paper Outline.
2. The Term Paper is limited to a maximum of 10 typewritten
pages in length, double space with Arial Font 12 pts if
completed by one student. For student pairs that write the Term
Paper together, 12 pages are the maximum length allowed with
the same requirement for spacing and fonts. The page limits do
not include references. Please use complete sentences and proof
read your work.
3. The goal is a well thought out discussion for the student to
understand the current literature on one research topic. Please
avoid redundancy or extensive verbiage on small issues. The
student should think about study background, design, execution,
results, interpretation, and discussion. Therefore every
paragraph should tie directly to the epidemiology of your topic.
Attention should be on how the results in each reference be
interpreted by knowing the similarities and differences in these
studies. The studies may use different design, population,
exposure assessment, outcome ascertainment, and statistical
methods. Please discuss each study separately, devoting 2-3
paragraphs per study to cover study design, sample size, results,
strengths and limitations. Make your interpretation of the
literature is justifiable based on the information in the
references.
4. It is easy to write about the background, the biochemistry,
the molecular biology, the diagnosis and the treatment if you
have expertise in these areas. However, the purpose of this
writing is to summarize epidemiologic evidence in the context
of research advances in other disciplines. DO NOT spend more
than a paragraph or so in total on those topics unless absolutely

needed for the association of interest. Note: if, for example,
diagnosis is an important factor in avoiding bias, then it is vital
to your epidemiology paper; if diagnosis is just a piece of
medicine, then it is not pertinent to your paper. The same is
true for definition of the disease and treatment.
5. Concentrate on up to 5 epidemiologic studies. Other
references are not necessary although they might in some cases
be helpful in providing some perspective. We prefer original
article to meta-analysis because we want to see your views.
6. Be sure to describe the unadjusted and adjusted Odds Ratio
or Risk Ratio, including adjusted covariates. Also, please
describe the epidemiologic methodology of doing the study and
comment on good and bad characteristics of the study or
perhaps give a reasoned account of cause and effect in your
topic.
7. Provide a conclusion paragraph to summarize the evidence.
Do NOT conclude by just saying more research is needed.
Instead conclude with a statement of (i) why this research is
still important to pursue, or (ii) what key study would help this
field of research in the future, or perhaps (iii) that new studies
are not needed because the answer appears to be clear.
8. Hand in your approved OUTLINE again with your paper.
You are permitted to modify the paper from the approved
outline, “a little”, as you work on it.
9. Grading of Term Paper
This assignment will be worth a total of 20 points (also 20% of
your grade). Points will be awarded according to the following
elements:
· Design and subjects – 4

· Exposure and Outcome – 4
· Measure of association – 4
· Limitations – 4
· Conclusions – 4
10. Papers that are not written in complete sentences and
paragraphs will have an automatic 3 point deduction.
11. Papers that do not meet the specified required length will
have an automatic 3 point deduction.
Page 1 of 2
MG3250
Project
1
PROJEC T DESC RI PT I ON
Project Introduction:
In this project you will research, reflect, and report on what it’s
like to be led, as well as what it’s like to be the leader.
In Part 1 you will address what it’s like to be the person led. In
Part 2, you will report on yourself as a leader, applying
the knowledge you have gained during the course to evaluate
yourself as a leader.

You will need a leadership experience to write about for Part 2
of the project. This can be from your experience as a
parent, volunteer, employee, or in any role in which you led
others to accomplish a task sufficient enough to analyze.
Have you ever coached a sports team? Organized an event like
an anniversary party or wedding? Led a project at
work?
If you cannot think of an adequate experience, you will need to
create one during this course. You might offer to lead a
small project at work or for a community or service
organization.
Some ideas you might consider are:
Leading your family in a task requiring organization and roles
such as painting the house, cleaning the garage,
preparing for a camping trip, or doing a project to improve the
neighborhood
Offering to lead a small team at work to accomplish a task such
as organizing a stock room, organizing some
body of data, or putting on a small event
Offering to run a small event at your place of worship, in your
neighborhood, or through a community

organization with which you are connected, such as a church
picnic, a block party, or a small fundraiser like a
car wash or bake sale
Course Objectives Tested:
2. Analyze the qualities that are unique to successful leaders.
3. Given business scenarios, select appropriate leadership
styles.
6. Apply emotional intelligence to a leadership role.
9. Propose solutions to overcome barriers in the organization
and methods of implementation.
MG3250
Project
2
PROJEC T SUB MI S SI ON P LAN
Project Part Description/Requirements of Project Evaluation
Criteria

Project Part 1 Assessment Preparation Checklist:
Before attempting this assessment, it’s best to have done the
following:
Complete the weekly readings for Weeks 1–3.
Complete the weekly lessons for Weeks 1–3.
Take the Leadership Levels Assessment.
Complete your personal vision statement.
Complete the Survey of Managerial Style Inventory.
Title: Experience Being Led
We can learn a lot by observing other leaders and reflecting on
what
it’s like to be the one being led. In this assessment you will
analyze
two leaders, one from a given scenario and one from your
personal
experience.
Click here to read the “Peter” case study.
Analyze the given business scenario:

What leadership level (1, 2, or 3) do you think fits the leader
in the scenario? Explain.
Around what do you think his vision of leadership revolves?
What is his emphasis in leading others? Provide an example.
What are his managerial strengths, if any (refer to the
Survey of Managerial Style that you took to help you answer
this question)? What are his managerial weaknesses, if any?
Give examples to support your answers.
Would you want to be led by this person? State why or why
not.
In a four-page paper, identify various leadership aspects and
qualities
Click here to view the grading
rubric.
http://www.content.distance-education.itt-
tech.edu/cliksdmrroot/content_directory/mount1/507393/MG325
0/Project_Part_1_Peter_Case_Study.pdf

0/Writing_Assignment_Rubric.xlsx
MG3250
Project
3
Criteria
of the leader in the scenario as outlined above.
Also, present and evaluate a period or event when you were led.
What leadership level (1, 2, or 3) do you think fits this
leader? Explain.
Around what do you think his or her vision of leadership
revolves? What is his or her emphasis in leading others?
Provide an example.
What are his or her managerial strengths, if any (refer to the
Survey of Managerial Style that you took to help you answer
this question)? What are his or her managerial weaknesses,
if any? Give examples to support your answers.

Would you want to be led by this person again? State why or
why not.
Compare and contrast the leaders from the scenario and from
your
personal experience.
Submission Requirements:
This assessment is due by Sunday, Week 4, at 11:59 p.m. EST.
Please
submit the completed assessment as a Word attachment.
Due: Week 4
Grading Weight: 10%
Project Part 2 Assessment Preparation Checklist:
Before attempting this assessment, it’s best to have done the
following:
Complete the weekly readings for Weeks 1–5.
Complete the weekly lessons for Weeks 1–5.
Take the Leadership Levels Assessment.
Complete your personal vision statement.

Complete the Survey of Managerial Style Inventory.
Complete the Leadership Steps Assessment.
Click here to view the grading
rubric.
0/Writing_Assignment_Rubric.xlsx
MG3250
Project
4
Criteria
Participate in an activity in which you are the leader.
Title: Experience Being a Leader
Leading others can be more challenging than we often think it
might
be. We not only have to figure out the skills and abilities of

those we
are leading, we have to analyze our own attitudes, skills, and
abilities.
Recall a time when you were a leader. Alternately, participate
in an
activity in which you are the leader. In a four-page paper:
Present an event when you were leading.
Identify your leadership aspects.
o What leadership level did you use? Explain and
support with one or more examples.
o What was your vision for the task?
o What were your leadership strengths and
weaknesses in this task? Describe and support with
one or more examples.
o How did you motivate those you were leading?
Describe and support with one or more examples.
Evaluate and reflect on the experience.
o Did you accomplish the task you set out to do?
o Do you think those you led knew and understood

your vision and goal? Explain and support with
examples.
o Would you say this was a positive experience or
negative experience for you and for those being
led? State why or why not.
o What did you learn from the experience?
o What was the biggest challenge you faced?
o What would you do differently if you could do it
over?
MG3250
Project
5
Criteria
Submission Requirements:
This assessment is due by Sunday, Week 6, at 11:59 p.m. EST.

Please
submit the completed assessment as a Word attachment.
Due: Week 5
Grading Weight: 10%
End of Project Description

Due 11.22757midterm outline-revised.docxFactors That May Affect.docx

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