1. Measures of Effect
Measures of EffectOne important application of epidemiology is to identify factors that
could increase the likelihood of a certain health problem occurring within a specific
population. Epidemiologists use measures of effect to examine the association or linkage in
the relationship between risk factors and emergence of disease or ill health. For instance,
they may use measures of effect to better understand the relationships between poverty
and lead poisoning in children, smoking and heart disease, or low birth weight and future
motor skills.What is the significance of measures of effect for nursing practice? In this
Discussion, you will consider this pivotal question.To prepare:With the Learning
Resources in mind, consider how measures of effect strengthen and support nursing
practice.What would be the risk of not using measures of effect in nursing
practice?Conduct additional research in the Walden Library and other credible resources
and locate two examples in the scholarly literature that support your insights.By
tomorrow 04/11/2018 3pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with at least 3
scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headings
as numbered below”Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the
following:Analyze how measures of effect strengthen and support nursing practice.
PROVIDE AT LEAST TWO SPECIFICS EXAMPLES from the literature to substantiate your
insights.Assess dangers of not using measures of effect in nursing practice.Required
ReadingsFriis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.).
Sudbury, MA: Jones &smp; Bartlett.Review Chapter 3, “Measures of Morbidity and Mortality
Used in Epidemiology”Chapter 9, “Measures of Effect”Chapter 9 extends the discussion that
began with Chapter 6 (which looked at ecologic, cross-sectional, and case-control study
designs) by introducing additional measures that are useful in evaluating the potential
implications of an exposure-disease association.Tripepi, G. Jager, K. J., Dekker, F. W. &
Zoccali, C. (2010). Measures of effect in epidemiological research. Nephron Clinical Practice,
115(2), c91–c93.As noted by the authors of this article (2010), “Measuring the strength of
observed associations between a given risk factor (e.g., blood pressure) and a given
outcome (e.g., stroke) is an important goal in epidemiological and clinical research” (p. c91).
This article provides an accessible overview of the terminology and various methods used
to measure associations in research.Optional ResourcesKrethong, P., Jirapaet, V., Jitpanya, C.,
& Sloan, R. (2008). A causal model of health-related quality of life in Thai patients with
heart-failure. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(3), 254–260.Ibrahim, M., Alexander, L., Shy,
C., & Deming, S. (2001). Common measures and statistics in epidemiological literature. ERIC
2. Notebook, 17, 1–6. Retrieved from
http://cphp.sph.unc.edu/trainingpackages/ERIC/eric_notebook_17.pdfSchmidt, C. O., &
Kohlmann, T. (2008). When to use the odd ratio or the relative risk? International Journal of
Public Health, 53(3), 165–167.Vineis, P., & Kriebel, D. (2006). Causal models in
epidemiology: Past inheritance and genetic future. Environmental Health: A Global Access
Science Source, 5, p. 21.
