Final Exam Spend up to the next 2 hours to complete the following task, to the best of your ability. This exam is worth 100 points. There is no specific word count requirement. Topic: Vitamin C - https://vitamincfoundation.org/squares/ Your submission should be in the form of written paragraphs, but you will not be evaluated on the quality of writing beyond the minimum necessary to understand what you are communicating. Your submission does not need to be as structured as the analysis assignments submitted during the semester. You should answer parts 1-5 of the task individually, each in paragraph form. Number each answer to correspond to parts 1-5, and then references at the end. 1. In one paragraph, summarize the product or service and describe what it is supposed to do. 2. In one paragraph, identify and clearly state at least one scientific claim being made about the product or service. 3. Identify and clearly describe at least two sources that are purported to support the claim. Each source should be described in a single paragraph (i.e., two paragraphs total). You must provide references for these sources (as well as any other that you use to complete the other tasks) at the end of your document, in the same format that you have been using throughout the semester. 4. Briefly evaluate the quality of the sources and whether or not the sources appear to support the claim. This section may be anywhere from one to several paragraphs long, as needed. ◦ State whether or not you believe the claim is justified, correct, and/or relevant based on your overall evaluation. This evaluation must take into account the sources you identified and evaluated (in steps 3 and 4). ◦ You may utilize sources that do not support the claim in your overall evaluation (i.e., sources in addition to the two from step 3). ◦ Your evaluation should explicitly consider at least two logical fallacies. These may be fallacies that you believe are present, or ones that could have been an issue but that you determined were not. 5. Based on your review of the product or service, summarize in one paragraph when use of the product or service might be beneficial: who might benefit and under what circumstances. You are free to draw on prior knowledge, your textbook, and electronic resources, but should indicate when you have done so by using the same referencing methods utilized during the semester. You may not use other humans. Communication in any form (verbal, physical, or electronic) with another human being during this exam will be considered academic misconduct and result in an automatic grade of zero. The sole exception is if you have an urgent issue that you communicate to an instructor. Your instructors will not provide assistance with this exam or the resources you utilize to complete it. Your final document should be uploaded to the Assignments link provided through Brightspace. After verifying that the document has successfully uploaded, you are free to lea.

1. Final Exam
Spend up to the next 2 hours to complete the following task, to
the best of your ability. This exam is worth 100 points. There
is no specific word count requirement.
Topic: Vitamin C - https://vitamincfoundation.org/squares/
Your submission should be in the form of written paragraphs,
but you will not be evaluated on the quality of writing beyond
the minimum necessary to understand what you are
communicating. Your submission does not need to be as
structured as the analysis assignments submitted during the
semester. You should answer parts 1-5 of the task individually,
each in paragraph form. Number each answer to correspond to
parts 1-5, and then references at the end.
1. In one paragraph, summarize the product or service and
describe what it is supposed to do.
2. In one paragraph, identify and clearly state at least one
scientific claim being made about the product or service.
3. Identify and clearly describe at least two sources that are
purported to support the claim. Each source should be
described in a single paragraph (i.e., two paragraphs total). You
must provide references for these sources (as well as any other
that you use to complete the other tasks) at the end of your
document, in the same format that you have been using
throughout the semester.
4. Briefly evaluate the quality of the sources and whether or not
the sources appear to support the claim. This section may be
anywhere from one to several paragraphs long, as needed.
◦ State whether or not you believe the claim is justified, correct,
and/or relevant based on your overall evaluation. This
evaluation must take into account the sources you identified and
evaluated (in steps 3 and 4).
◦ You may utilize sources that do not support the claim in your
overall evaluation (i.e., sources in addition to the two from step
3).

2. ◦ Your evaluation should explicitly consider at least two logical
fallacies. These may be fallacies that you believe are present,
or ones that could have been an issue but that you determined
were not.
5. Based on your review of the product or service, summarize in
one paragraph when use of the product or service might be
beneficial: who might benefit and under what circumstances.
You are free to draw on prior knowledge, your textbook, and
electronic resources, but should indicate when you have done so
by using the same referencing methods utilized during the
semester.
You may not use other humans. Communication in any form
(verbal, physical, or electronic) with another human being
during this exam will be considered academic misconduct and
result in an automatic grade of zero. The sole exception is if
you have an urgent issue that you communicate to an instructor.
Your instructors will not provide assistance with this exam or
the resources you utilize to complete it.
Your final document should be uploaded to the Assignments
link provided through Brightspace. After verifying that the
document has successfully uploaded, you are free to leave and
enjoy your break.
B.S. Healthcare Management Program Learning Outcome Matrix
Program Learning Outcome (PLO)
In which course did you see this learning outcome addressed?
Which specific Assignments and/or Discussions addressed this
learning outcome?
Choose 5 PLOs that are particularly meaningful to you. In what
ways do you feel that you have applied the 5 learning
outcomes? Give specific examples from both inside and outside
the classroom.
Critically appraise the context and quality of healthcare
delivery inside and outside of the United States.

3. Evaluate health-related research and research methods.
Analyze how population health impacts healthcare (including
behavioral, demographic, and cultural factors).
Explain how different factors impact the delivery of healthcare
services (including technology, legal, and ethical factors).
Evaluate the inter-professional approach to healthcare delivery.
Articulate critical issues in acute and long-term care from the
perspective of patient and practitioner.
Analyze evidence-based factors that impact a health care
organization’s performance, quality, and safety.
Apply foundational healthcare economic evaluation and
financial management skills.

4. Apply strategic planning methods to healthcare organizations
(including planning, implementing, and marketing).
Evaluate human resource methods of managing healthcare
employees.
Demonstrate an understanding of healthcare financial issues
(including insurance, reimbursement, and prospective payment).
Running head: CHILDHOOD AND ADULT IMMUNIZATION
1
CHILDHOOD AND ADULT IMMUNIZATION
3
Capstone Project: Bibliography on Childhood and Adult
Immunization
Adetoun Bakare
HLTH 4900: Capstone
Prof. Montrece Ransom
Walden University
April 25, 2019
Childhood and Adult Immunization
The Healthy People 2020 aims at reaching a health population
by 2020. The strategies involved research and developing

5. vaccination and immunization schedule for the most prevalent
disease in the world. According to Healthy People 2020,
vaccines have ability to destroy all pathogens causing diseases
in the body system and give the immunity system strength to
fight any entry. In this capstone project paper, the importance
of disease vaccination and immunization in childhood and
adults will be discussed. The paper will also address problems
that arise due to improper vaccination, effect of education and
awareness on reducing incidences of diseases and improving
quality of healthcare and barriers that face early vaccination,
their effects on healthcare system, population and solutions to
the barriers. In order to attain the above objective, it is
imperative to establish the sources of literature that will support
it. This paper therefore aims at searching for eight literature
sources that will be used to accomplish the assignment.
Attia, A. C., Wolf, J., & Núñez, A. E. (2018). On surmounting
the barriers to HPV vaccination: we can do better. Annals of
medicine, 50(3), 209-225.
According to Attia et al. (2018), increasing vaccine uptake of
human papillomavirus (HPV) depends on increasing healthcare
providers. Changing the administration of the vaccine to penile,
oropharyngeal cancer and anal prevention therapy in the
population will increase it uptake in the general population.
This information is vital in repackaging awareness campaigns
aimed at increasing HPV vaccine uptake in male and female.
Bedford, H., Attwell, K., Danchin, M., Marshall, H., Corben, P.,
& Leask, J. (2018). Vaccine hesitancy, refusal and access
barriers: The need for clarity in terminology. Vaccine, 36(44),
6556-6558.
According to the Bedford et al. (2018), sub-optimal coverage of
vaccination uptake in the world is at stake. They stated that
vaccination barriers include access to the healthcare facilities
among other pragmatics in the society. Understanding the
knowledge level of the population in terms of vaccine hesitancy

6. will help identify the barriers, measure them and develop
appropriate intervention to counter the barrier. This information
is vital in understanding the role of vaccine knowledge on
childhood vaccination.
Chakravarthi, P. S., Ganta, A., Kattimani, V. S., & Tiwari, R.
V. (2016). Adult immunization—Need of the hour. Journal of
International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry,
6(4), 272.
According to Chakravarthi et al. (2016), immunization
stabilizes immunity system of an individual. This is common in
childhood, but few cases are known in adulthood. The aim of
the study was to determine the disease preventive strategies
available for adult immunization. The results established that
there are several adulthood immunizations that aim at
preventing hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and
human papilloma virus (HPV) infections. The study concluded
that knowledge in the available adulthood immunization should
be made available in order to increase uptake and immunization
benefits. Increased immunization uptake will reduce treatment
burden and increase strategy productivity.
Corben, P., & Leask, J. (2016). To close the childhood
immunization gap, we need a richer understanding of parents'
decision-making. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics,
12(12), 3168-3176.
According to Corben and Leask (2016), vaccination is a
recommendable global healthcare intervention. In childhood,
immunization rates are moderately high in high-income
countries yet the global targets remain low despite efforts to
increase uptake. The study found out that parents play a vital
role in making decision for children immunization. Low
knowledge of the program, safety and effectiveness reduced the
uptake. The study concluded that awareness of the program

7. increases uptake. This information is important in establishing
strategies that will increase immunization uptake in high-
income countries.
Jackson, C., Bedford, H., Cheater, F. M., Condon, L., Emslie,
C., Ireland, L., ... & Overend, K. (2017). Needles, Jabs and
Jags: a qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to
child and adult immunisation uptake among Gypsies, Travellers
and Roma. BMC public health, 17(1), 254.
According to Jackson et al. (2017), improving immunization
uptake calls for understanding the factors that supports or
hinders the intervention in communities. The study aimed at
investigating barriers to travelers and facilitators uptake of
immunization in UK. The difference in the barriers across
communities and in adult and childhood vaccination was also
investigated. The results established that language barrier,
discrimination and illiteracy were major barriers to
immunization across all communities. The study concluded that
increasing traveler family’s immunization intake will demand
facing out the existing barriers among them. This information is
important in developing strategies that will address barriers in
immunization among Traveler communities in UK.
Kim, Y. K., LaFon, D., & Nahm, M. H. (2016). Indirect effects
of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in national immunization
programs for children on adult pneumococcal disease. Infection
& chemotherapy, 48(4), 257-266.
According to Kim et al. (2016), pneumococcal conjugate
vaccine (PCV) is a replacement for pneumococcal
polysaccharide vaccine. This has caused a decline in the
pneumococcal disease. The results found out that the vaccine
has reduced the disease prevalence both unvaccinated and
vaccinated children in the world. This information in important
in promoting immunization against pneumococcal disease in

8. children.
Robison, S. G., & Osborn, A. W. (2017). The concordance of
parent and child immunization. Pediatrics, 139(5), e20162883.
According to Robison and Osborn (2017), understanding
parents’ immunization behaviour will reveal the dogma in
children immunization acceptance. In their research, Robison
and Osborn (2017) established that parents that were immunized
for influenza, increased chances for their children undertaking
immunization. It concluded that immunization behaviour of
parents influenced positively the immunization behaviour of
their children. This information in vital in strategizing on the
interventions that will increase immunization uptake in the
world populations.
Slike, B. M., Creegan, M., Marovich, M., & Ngauy, V. (2017).
Humoral immunity to primary smallpox vaccination: impact of
childhood versus adult immunization on vaccinia vector vaccine
development in military populations. PloS one, 12(1),
e0169247.
According to Slike et al. (2017), modified Vaccina virus is safe
and has a platform of immunogenic vector, which can be used in
HIV vaccination in military. They state that smallpox humoral
immunity vaccination has a long lasting and is protective. They
noted that vaccinia-vectored vaccine use on pre-existing
immunity limits a vaccine platform use in military. The aim of
this study was to examine the durability of the vaccine antibody
in adult military population based on novel dentritic assay of
cell neutralization and standard ELISA assay. The results
revealed that the response of binding and antibody neutralizer
response to vaccine in adult military personnel diminished
within 5-10 years. In children response decreased after 10-20
years. The study concluded that childhood vaccination has a
longer durability compared to adult vaccination. This
information is important in smallpox vaccination schedule in
children. It will be used to support the ongoing research on

9. viral vector of smallpox in military vaccination.
References
Attia, A. C., Wolf, J., & Núñez, A. E. (2018). On surmounting
the barriers to HPV vaccination: we can do better. Annals of
medicine, 50(3), 209-225.
Bedford, H., Attwell, K., Danchin, M., Marshall, H., Corben, P.,
& Leask, J. (2018). Vaccine hesitancy, refusal and access
barriers: The need for clarity in terminology. Vaccine, 36(44),
6556-6558.
Chakravarthi, P. S., Ganta, A., Kattimani, V. S., & Tiwari, R.
V. (2016). Adult immunization—Need of the hour. Journal of
International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry,
6(4), 272.
Corben, P., & Leask, J. (2016). To close the childhood
immunization gap, we need a richer understanding of parents'
decision-making. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics,
12(12), 3168-3176.
Jackson, C., Bedford, H., Cheater, F. M., Condon, L., Emslie,
C., Ireland, L., ... & Overend, K. (2017). Needles, Jabs and
Jags: a qualitative exploration of barriers and facilitators to
child and adult immunisation uptake among Gypsies, Travellers
and Roma. BMC public health, 17(1), 254.
Kim, Y. K., LaFon, D., & Nahm, M. H. (2016). Indirect effects
of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in national immunization
programs for children on adult pneumococcal disease. Infection
& chemotherapy, 48(4), 257-266.
Robison, S. G., & Osborn, A. W. (2017). The concordance of
parent and child immunization. Pediatrics, 139(5), e20162883.
Slike, B. M., Creegan, M., Marovich, M., & Ngauy, V. (2017).
Humoral immunity to primary smallpox vaccination: impact of
childhood versus adult immunization on vaccinia vector vaccine
development in military populations. PloS one, 12(1),
e0169247.