The document provides an overview of design thinking basics. It defines design using keywords like general concept, action, and plan/intention. Design is described as creating products, systems, or services that satisfy human needs and improve lives while respecting the environment. Designers are paid to envision better futures and make them happen. Design involves imagining what does not yet exist and making it real. It is about making decisions with uncertainty. The document also discusses what design processes are, how they involve steps to achieve goals, and how they are not always linear. It explores the positions of design between art and science.

2. TODAY’S AGENDA
BASICS OF DESIGN THINKING
CLASS 02

3. What is Design?
01.

6. DESIGN의 정의에 들어갈만한
세 개의 단어(키워드)를 한번 적어보세요.

7. Design is to design a design to produce a design
General Concept action a plan or intention the outcome/
result
noun verb noun noun
John Heskett(2005)

8. Design is a profession that is concerned with the creation of
products, systems, communications and services that
satisfy human needs, improve people’s lives and do all of
this with respect for the welfare of the natural environment.
Charles Owen(2004)

9. Designers are people who are paid to
produce visions of better futures and make
those things happen.
Koskinen, Zimmerman, Binder, Redstrom &Wensveen (2011)

10. Design is the ability to imagine that-which-
does-not-yet-exist, to make it appear in
concrete form as a new, purposeful addition
to the real world.
Harold Nelson &Erik Stolterman (2002)

11. Design is about making decisions,
often in the face of uncertainty
Joseph Zinter (2012)

12. Designers typically produce novel
unexpected solutions, tolerate uncertainty,
work with incomplete information, apply
imagination and constructive forethought to
practical problems and use drawings and
other modelling media as means of
problem solving
Bryan Lawson &Kees Dorst (2009)

13. initial
state
Future
stateprocess
현재상태
Current situation
변환 기능
Transformation function
원하는 상태
Desired situation
| Design의 기본적인 모델
Doblin (1987)

14. John Chris Jones(1970)
John Chris Jones
Design Methods: Seeds of human future (1970)

15. Harold Nelson &Erik Stolterman (2002/2012)
CHANGE
IS
DIFFERENCE
•
CHANGE OF DIFFERENCE
IS
PROCESS
•
CHANGE OF PROCESS
IS
EVOLUTION
•
CHANGE OF EVOLUTION
IS
DESIGN
CHANGE = DESIGN

16. John Christopher Jones (2002)
thoughts and actions
intended to change
thoughts and actions

17. 현존하는 상황에서 원하는
상황으로 변화를 이루기 위해서는
미래가 지니고 있는 불확실성을
다루기 위해 기획을 도모할 수 있는
상상력이 꼭 필요하다

18. Design as...
• A mixture of creativity and analyses
• Problem solving
• Evolution
• The creation of solutions to problems
• Integrating into a coherent whole
• A fundamental human activity
• Etc...
Bryan Lawson &Kees Dorst (2009)

19. What is Design Activity
02.

20. “Design is the performing
of a very complicated act
of faith”
John Christopher Jones (1966/1970)

21. “The fundamental problem is
that designers are obliged to
use current information to
predict a future state that will
not come about unless their
predictions are correct.”
“The designer must be able to
predict the ultimate effects of
their proposed design as well
as specifying the actions that
are needed to bring these
effects about.”
John Christopher Jones (1966/1970)

22. |디자인은 제품에 관한 것이 아니다. 오히려 디자인을 통해 미치고자 한 영향 그것에 관해서다.
Business “경쟁사우위”
User “만족스러운 경험”
Ecology/Society ”친생태화적/공정성”

23. |디자인은 제품에 관한 것이 아니다. 오히려 디자인을 통해 미치고자 한 영향 그것에 관해서다.
We cannot know what the unintended consequences of a
design will be, and we cannot know, ahead of time,
the full, systemic effects of a design implementation.

24. WHO is Designer?
03.

26. het beste idee van nederland
https://www.youtube.com/user/idea28ed/videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9_iR4IRsXE

28. “Design ability is
possessed by everyone”
Nigel Cross (2011)

29. "Everyone can – and does – design.
We all design when we plan for
something new to happen, whether
that might be a new version of a recipe,
a new arrangement of the living
room furniture, or a new lay tour of a
personal web page. […] So design
thinking is something inherent within
human cognition; it is a key part of
what makes us human.” (p. 3)
Nigel Cross (2011)

31. "Everyone designs who devises
courses of action aimed at
changing existing situations into
preferred ones."
Herbert Simon (1969)

32. |그럼 우리는 왜 디자인을 하는 것인가?
“We must design, because we are not perfect.”
“Like Hephaistos, we have to design because we want to survive, but
humans also seem to have a will for continuous improvement and
development.”
“On a more abstract level, we are drawn to design because we may feel a lack
of wholeness—we do not find the world in a condition that is satisfying or
fulfilling for us. And, ultimately, we are motivated to design because it is an
accessible means to enlightenment, to bring order, and to give meaning
to our lives.”
Harold Nelson &Erik Stolterman (2002/2012)

33. |그럼 우리는 왜 디자인을 하는 것인가?
"Designers are change agents in
society. Their goal is to improve the
human condition, in all its aspects,
through physical change."
Harold Nelson &Erik Stolterman (2002/2012)

34. Position of Design
04.

35. design = art

36. Bruce Archer (1979)
Engineering
Design
ARTSSCIENCE

37. Value driven
(biased)
Value free
(unbiased)
Charles Owen (1991)

38. Harold Nelson &Erik Stolterman (2002)
“Design, as a unique way of thinking and acting,
does not have a long, well-developed scholarly
history. Other intellectual traditions, such as science
and art, have enjoyed thousands of years of
considered thought...”

41. SCIENCE VS DESIGN
“The natural sciences
are concerned with
how things are.”
“Design is concerned with how
things ought to be, with devising
artifices to attain goals.”

43. Design Process
05.

44. Engineering Design Art
ExpressiveFunctional
에러에 대한
큰 리스크
에러에 대한
작은 리스크
사람이 죽을 수 있다 사람이 다칠 수 있다 사람이 공포스러울 수 있다 사람이 헷깔 릴 수 있다 사람이 짜증날 수 있다
Prescriptive use
of methods
“This is how you should
design to avoid errors”
Descriptive use
of methods
“This is how I make
my design”
Idiosyncratic or
secret methods
“I am not going to tell you
how I do it... Only the
inner circle of specialists
know how the magic
works”

45. descriptive vs prescriptive
어떻게 되는지 설명 어떤 것을 해야 하고 하지
말아 야하는지 규정지음

46. input outputprocess
Hugh Dubberly(2008)
| PROCESS란?

47. | PROCESS란?
State1 State2step
1
step
2
step
3
step
4
Process는 특정 목표를 달성하기 위한 Action/스텝들의 집합체

48. initial
state
Future
stateprocess
현재상태
Current situation
변환 기능
Transformation function
원하는 상태
Desired situation
| Design의 기본적인 모델
Doblin (1987)

49. | 하지만, 초기 단계와 최종 단계는 위와 같이 직선구조로 되어있지 않다
Gabriela Goldschmidt (1997)

50. 원하는 단계까지 가기 위한 상상을 통한 행로
A path to prefered states goes through imagination
Ilpo Koskinen, John Zimmerman, Thomas Binder,
Johan Redstrom &Stephan Wensveen (2011)

51. “MIND’S EYE”
Ferguson(1977)

52. 전통적인 방법: 분석-종합-평가

53. Basic Design Cycle
Pahl &BeitzRoozenburg &Eekels (1995)

55. | Design Process간의 비교

56. | Design Process간의 비교

57. Jeanne Liedtka &Tim Ogilvie (2011)

58. | KGIT 뉴미디어 경영학과

59. | Analysis-Synthesis Bridge Model
Hugh Dubberly, Shelley Evenson &
Rick Robinson (2008)

60. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrdSkqRypsg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7sEoEvT8l8
Design Thinking관련 동영상 보기

61. Koskinen, I., Zimmerman, J., Binder, T., Redstrom, J., &Wensveen, S. (2011).Design research through practice:
From the lab, field, and showroom. Elsevier.
Nelson, H. G., &Stolterman, E. (2003). The design way: Intentional change in an unpredictable world:
Foundations and fundamentals of design competence. Educational Technology.
Lawson, B., &Dorst, K. (2013). Design expertise. Routledge.
Simon, H. A. (1969). The sciences of the artificial. Cambridge, MA.
Jones, J. C. (1992). Design methods. John Wiley &Sons.
REFERNECES