Drying 101: Mistake That Kill Yields
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Call it baking, smoking, curing, dehydrating, or drying, the vast majority of food processors have to remove water from food. Optimizing your process can deliver significant yield increases—often more than 3%. In this 30 minute webinar, Scott Campbell shares key insights that will help you achieve significant gains, including: • modern methods for reducing the most challenging sources of variation • higher-accuracy measurements that allow tighter specifications the role of extrinsic and intrinsic variables in evaluating yield, quality, and safety • how—and why—to characterize your drying process Watch the webinar: https://www.metergroup.com/food/events/drying-mistakes-that-kill-your-yield/
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How to Get the Most Accurate Soil Moisture Data
The first step to understanding if you are collecting quality soil moisture data is to first know where they’re wrong. But what makes good data go bad?
Proactive prevention of data’s main confounders.
Would you recognize bad data if you had it? Knowing what to look for and the key steps to take to prevent later problems is the difference between accuracy and estimation. In this 30-minute webinar, METER’s soil moisture sensor product manager and ecology and plant physiology specialist, Chris Chambers, will break down the largest contributors to degradation in data.
Discussed in this webinar:
The impacts of an inaccurate or unreliable sensor
How incorrect installation can invalidate all data
How to preempt installation issues before they occur
How to minimize the possibility of preferential flow
What METER is doing to help you get the most accurate data possible
And more
The Complete Guide to Leaf Area Index
Leaf Area Index (LAI) has vast implications across land use management, ecology, and any project impacted by gross primary productivity (GPP). But what is LAI? What could an understanding of LAI do for your research? Multiple measurement methods make the process of choosing the best method for your application confusing. How do you balance accuracy and labor efforts?
In this 30-minute webinar, METER’s Product Manager for plant, canopy, and atmospheric monitoring, Jeff Ritter, will discuss:
What is LAI?
Why measure LAI?
Direct sampling methods, including litter traps.
Indirect ground-based methods, including hemispherical photography.
The difference between transmittance and reflectance methods.
Satellite-based approaches.
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If you know what to look for, you can harness powerful insights from a soil moisture release curve. But if you're using the wrong instrumentation, don't have the correct tools to evaluate the curve, or choose the wrong model to fit the curve, your insights can be drastically wrong. And those errors are only amplified when put into a hydrology model.
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- How to interpret data from soilless media
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You need to understand how water is moving (or not moving) through your soil. Gathering precise, accurate, and timely data is the first hurdle, which can be conquered with the proper instrumentation. But how do you ensure you get the most thorough and meaningful insights from every data set?
In this 30-minute webinar, METER research scientist Leo Rivera explores examples of hydraulic conductivity data you might encounter during your research and breaks down what to look for, what to avoid, and how to reach the most insightful conclusions your data has to offer.
In this webinar:
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Choosing the Right Water Potential Sensor
If you're not measuring water potential, or not measuring it correctly, your data could be telling you the wrong thing. Water content measurements can only tell you so much, and inferring water potential from water content is inaccurate at best, and completely misleading in worst-case scenarios.
In this 30-minute webinar, METER research scientist Leo Rivera discusses the good, the bad, and the ugly sides of measuring soil water potential. He'll walk you through the considerations and choices you need to take into account to select the perfect water potential sensor for your needs. Discover the challenges, limitations, and advantages of new sensor tech, and learn how to collect the most accurate measurements for your particular application.
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- The most recent trends and technologies
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How do you explain deviations from expected soil moisture data patterns? To get the most out of your soil moisture sensor network, you need to know how to decipher anomalies within each dataset. Accurate attribution of each change within your data is crucial to ensuring your results are thorough and accurate. In this 40-minute webinar, METER research scientist Dr. Colin Campbell discusses how to understand what your data is trying to tell you.
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What if you could predict the amount of biomass you will produce? Understanding how to measure the amount of water a crop will need unlocks the ability to maximize output. In part two of our resource capture webinar series, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, world-renowned environmental biophysicist, discusses the measurements and calculations needed to know how much biomass the water in a given environment can produce.
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5 Reasons Your Soil Texture Analysis Isn’t Accurate Enough
Soil particle analysis is more complicated than it looks
Accurate soil texture information is critical for understanding experimental results or modeling—and if you’re just guessing—you’ll be in trouble when it comes time for publication. Soil particle analysis is hard. You need to know what to watch out for, or your accuracy can be off by orders of magnitude. And that’s a problem—get it wrong, and your models and assumptions will be incorrect and ultimately you’ll reach bad conclusions.
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Substituting Sugar: Pros & Cons of 5 Top Sugar Alternatives
Watch the webinar here:
go.meter.group/alt-sweet
Demand for healthier snacks and treats continues to grow. Innovative new sweeteners abound. But in the scramble to develop the next great clean-label snack, food companies are finding that each sugar substitute comes with a special set of challenges.
Since substitutes don’t perfectly mimic sugar’s characteristics, formulators are left with a complicated job: Finding new ways to achieve the sugary taste, texture, shelf life, and appearance that will satisfy consumers.
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— How blending different sugar alternatives can yield better results
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Mary Galloway is head of the METER Food Research & Development Lab. She specializes in using and testing instruments that measure water activity and its influence on physical properties. She has worked with dozens of the world’s largest and most successful food brands to solve moisture-related product issues.
Dr. Zachary Cartwright is lead food scientist at METER Group. He holds a PhD in food science from Washington State University and a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry from New Mexico State University. He is an expert in isotherm analysis and the use of the Vapor Sorption Analyzer (VSA).
Weather Data: Why Accuracy is More Complicated Than You Think
Don’t unwittingly compromise your weather data by underestimating all the factors that influence accuracy. Dr. Colin Campbell discusses what these factors are and how to plan for them.
You need data you can trust
Think weather data accuracy is about sensor specifications? Think again. There are a host of other factors that influence accuracy, and if you don’t understand what they are, your data can steer you in the wrong direction and put your projects at risk.
What you need to know
In this 30-minute webinar, Dr. Colin Campbell explains how you can unwittingly compromise your data by underestimating these important factors. Learn:
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- Why the scientific theory behind how a station makes its measurements matters
Why models using internet data are not good enough
- How a station that requires significant maintenance can derail accuracy
- How using affordable research-grade stations to fill in data gaps between premium-quality setups can be a cost effective way to increase your accuracy
- Why your data visualization and management system matters in terms of accuracy
- Case studies that show why you need to think about the big picture
Soil Infiltration 101: What It Is. Why You Need It. How To Measure It.
World-renowned soil physicist, Dr. Gaylon S. Campbell, teaches the basics of soil infiltration, how to measure it correctly, and compares common measurement methods.
Make the right decisions
Soil infiltration impacts almost everything soils are used for. Infiltration rates impact irrigation, drainage, and how well water flows to crop roots. Infiltration measurements are used to predict erosion and determine soil health. And, in urban settings, stormwater systems and landfills need soil infiltration measurements to maximize or minimize water movement in soil. If you’re working in these situations, it’s critical to understand how to measure infiltration correctly, or you’ll risk inaccurate calculations that could lead to wrong decisions.
Master the basics
In this 30-minute webinar, world-renowned soil physicist, Dr. Gaylon S. Campbell, teaches the basics of soil infiltration and how to measure it correctly. Learn:
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Why overwatering is causing you problems.
Just like a thermostat can be set optimally for comfort without wasting heat, the latest advances in sensor technology can do the same for plants: keep them comfortable, without wasting water. This means you can have higher quality and yield while reducing problems caused by overwatering such as disease or the need to reapply expensive nutrients that have been flushed away.
Better management--better plant performance.
Join Dr. Colin Campbell as he explores the latest water management research and real world examples to answer the questions: Does water management work? What are challenges and best practices? And what should we do next?
Discover:
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- How using measurement technology like soil water potential, soil water content, electrical conductivity, and temperature can show impacts of management.
- How to deploy these sensors effectively in high-dollar ecosystems.
- What the interplay is between environmental variables like evapotranspiration and soil water.
- How combining these variables can inform water management.
- How overwatering impacts disease and critical nutrients in the root zone.
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Are you unwittingly compromising your plants?
In a controlled environment many variables affect production. But if any one of those variables gets out of balance, it can undermine your whole operation. For example, if you apply enough nutrients for high production but only enough light for low production, you’ll increase costs and limit yield. To get the most out of your crop, you’ll need to measure and balance environmental inputs correctly to get the most efficient use out of them. If you’re not measuring the right variables, fixing problems that keep you from your goals will be a shot in the dark, because you won’t know what the real problem is.
Amplify your production and efficiency
In part 4 of our popular controlled-environment webinar series, world-renowned soil physicist, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, teaches what is required to ensure all environmental variables remain balanced for the highest possible efficiency and production. Discover:
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- Relationships between biomass production, light, and CO2
- Relationships between biomass production and water use
- Relationships between biomass production and nutrient uptake
- Limiting factors in the balance equations
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Soil is no longer a black box. Advances in sensor technology and software now make it easy to understand what’s happening in your soil, but don’t get stuck thinking only measuring soil water content will tell you what you need to know. Water content is only one side of a critical two-sided coin. To understand when to water, plant-water stress, or how to characterize drought, you also need to measure water potential.
Better data. Better answers.
Soil water potential is a crucial measurement for optimizing yield and stewarding the environment because it’s a direct indicator of availability of water for biological processes. If you’re not measuring it, you’re likely getting the wrong answer to your soil moisture questions. Water potential can also help you predict if soil water will move, and where it’s going to go. Join METER soil physicist, Dr. Doug Cobos, as he teaches the basics of this critical measurement. Learn:
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- Why water potential isn’t as confusing as it’s made out to be
- Common misconceptions about soil water content and water potential
- Why water potential is important to you
Measuring moisture content in food and supplements
There are ovens, vacuum ovens, halogen moisture balances, Karl Fischer titrators, NIR devices – and that’s only the beginning. How do you choose the right one?
Once you’ve chosen, how do you ensure consistently precise and reliable results? Measuring moisture content can be a minefield, but getting it right pays dividends.
In this webinar, Dr. Zachary Cartwright and moisture content researcher Conner Jeffries:
— Explore why moisture content measurements can be so fickle
— Discuss direct vs indirect methods and how ovens, moisture balances and titrators compare
— Present original research that highlights key issues with moisture content in dried fruit, tablets and supplements, and cannabis
— Outline methods to reduce variation and improve the accuracy of your moisture content analysis
— Discuss new methods to measure moisture content quickly and precisely
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Steady-state methods for measuring thermal conductivity in insulation are painstakingly slow. The temperature gradient inherent to the method also induces moisture movement within moist samples, making it unsuitable for such measurements. This seminar describes a new algorithm, used with a line heat source, to measure the thermal conductivity of insulating materials in one minute, even in the presence of moisture.
In this 30-minute webinar, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, world-renowned environmental measurement expert, describes:
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- How moisture affects the thermal conductivity of insulation
- Why only transient methods correctly measure the thermal conductivity of insulation when moisture is present
- How to determine the volumetric specific heat of insulation, to use as input to the measurement
Weather Data: Virtual, In-Field, or Regional Network—Does It Matter?
Which data source is better?
In the world of specialty crops, there is disagreement on how well weather-driven insect, disease, and frost prediction models actually perform. Dr. Dave Brown, former director of Washington State University’s AgWeatherNet spent years comparing different weather data sources and how those data affect the accuracy of common environmental models used by orchard growers. In this 20-minute webinar, he shares the surprising things he learned.
Decrease chances of crop damage with one simple practice
Find out how you can increase the accuracy of your predictive models and decrease frost, insect, and disease incidents by doing just one thing differently—improving the quality of your weather data. Discover:
- Microclimates: what are the conditions like inside a crop canopy versus outside?
- Virtual data vs. weather station data: Which is better?
- How do site-specific weather data vs. regional network data compare?
- How much does a small decrease in data quality affect the accuracy of your models?
- What’s the value of in-orchard measurements?
- What are some best practices for higher data quality?
Presenter
For 20 years as a faculty member at Montana State University and Washington State University (WSU) Dr. Dave Brown pursued research on soil sensors, spatial data science and digital agriculture. At both universities, he served in many leadership roles for major research projects, academic programs and most recently as Director of the WSU AgWeatherNet program. In this capacity, Dr. Brown hired and supervised a team of meteorologists who pursued research and extension activities focused on evaluating and improving the quality of weather data used for agricultural decisions.
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Grow your crop steering expertise
Crop steering can optimize crop production and production costs, but to crop steer successfully, you need to do it right. You have to understand how to obtain the right soil water contents and soil electrical conductivities to either stress the crop or avoid stressing the crop in a controlled way. To do this, you’ll need to perform crop steering calculations.
Steer your way to higher quality, productivity, and profit
In part 3 of our greenhouse webinar series, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, internationally recognized soil physics and environmental measurement expert, teaches how to perform crop steering calculations that give you the information you need to stress or de-stress your crop at the right time and in the right way to achieve your goals. In this 30-minute webinar you’ll learn:
The water balance equation
- How to calculate the irrigation amount
- How to calculate the transpiration variables that affect recharge drainage, and changes in stored water
- How to determine the field capacity of the substrate
- Environmental factors that influence the water balance
- How to determine the leaching fraction
- How to manage substrate electrical conductivity
crop steering, environment, field capacity, gaylon campbell, indoor cultivation, irrigation, leaching fraction, substrate electrical conductivity, transpiration, water balance, webinar5 Reasons You’re Getting Less Accurate Soil Moisture Release Curves
How do I characterize expansive soils? Will water drain through the soil quickly or be retained? How can I predict deep drainage or runoff?
What if you could get an inside picture of the soil moisture relationships that cause these issues?
A soil-water characteristic curve shows the relationship between water content and soil suction. And it’s one of the most powerful diagnostic and predictive tools.
Learn about what soil-water characteristic curves are and why they’re so powerful.
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Drying 101: Mistake That Kill Yields
- 2. DRYING 101 MISTAKES THAT KILL YOUR YIELDS Scott Campbell CEO METER Group, Inc. USA
- 3. DRYING 101 WHAT IS DRYING? - Baking - Smoking - Freeze-drying - Curing - Spray-drying - Cooking - Evaporating 3 - Batch processed - Continuous
- 4. DRYING 101 VARIABILITY IS THE ENEMY Over or under-dried batches lead to: - Lower yield - Lower OEE (throughput) - Higher energy costs - Catastrophic batch failures (e.g., mold) - Angry customers 4
- 5. DRYING 101 VARIABILITY IS THE ENEMY 5 12.0 14.0
- 6. DRYING 101 THE DRYING SUPERSTAR 6 TIME REDUCTIONINSTANDARD DEVIATIONOFDRYINGPROCESS 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% ORACLE EXPERT NOVICE
- 7. DRYING 101 COST OF DRYING VARIABILITY 7 Inputs I need: - Can you sell an extra unit if you make it? - If yes, I need to know the market price for your product - If no, I need to know your cost of goods sold - Potential increase in average moisture - How much you make in a year
- 8. DRYING 101 BOZO’S BLUNDERS 8 REVENUE AVERAGE MOISTURE CONTENT COST OF GOODS SOLD ANNUAL OPERATING PROFIT ENTERPRISE VALUE BOZO PATCHES A COMPARISON OF TWO CIRCUS PEANUT MANUFACTURERS $30M $30M 10% 12% $20M $19.6M $1.67M $2.07M $25M $31M
- 9. DRYING 101 NUTSANITY 9 REVENUE AVERAGE MOISTURE CONTENT ANNUAL PRODUCTION ANNUAL OPERATING PROFIT ENTERPRISE VALUE NUTJOB NUTSANITY A COMPARISON OF TWO ALMOND PRODUCERS $30M $30.6M 10% 12% 6 million lbs 6.12 million lbs $1.67M $2.27M $25M $34M
- 10. BATCH RECORD DRYING 101 SOURCES OF VARIATION 10
- 11. DRYING 101 SOURCES OF VARIATION 11 INCOMING INGREDIENTS - CofAs can’t be trusted - Ingredients with out-of-spec moisture can cheat you while also disrupting processes - In-process variables like meat thickness also affect processes
- 12. DRYING 101 SOURCES OF VARIATION 12 - Vapor pressure in the factory can have a huge effect on drying processes - Post-drying holding steps often lead to moisture loss that isn’t characterized ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
- 13. DRYING 101 SOURCES OF VARIATION 13 - The best operators can achieve impressive consistency - True correlation to drying success is often a mystery - Operators sometimes lack effective incentives MACHINE SETTINGS
- 14. RECOMMENDATIONS GET A BETTER YARDSTICK 14
- 15. BATCH RECORD DRYING 101 WHY WATER ACTIVITY? 15 - Microbial growth controlled by water activity, not moisture - It’s way more precise - The right water activity meter can still give you moisture content (if you really need it)
- 17. DRYING 101 IT’S THE 21ST CENTURY 17
- 18. DRYING 101 THE DRYING SUPERSTAR 18 TIME REDUCTIONINSTANDARD DEVIATIONOFDRYINGPROCESS 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% ORACLE EXPERT NOVICE NOVICE20
- 19. DRYING 101 MOISTURE VARIABILITY BEFORE 19
- 20. DRYING 101 MOISTURE VARIABILITY AFTER 20
- 21. DRYING 101 THE DRYING SUPERSTAR 21 TIME REDUCTIONINSTANDARD DEVIATIONOFDRYINGPROCESS 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% ORACLE EXPERT NOVICE
- 22. DRYING 101 SOURCES OF VARIATION 22 INCOMING INGREDIENTS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MACHINE SETTINGS BATCH RECORD
- 23. RECOMMENDATIONS CHARACTERIZE YOUR PROCESS - Your process is complex and unique - It CAN be characterized, but it will take effort and a commitment to continuous improvement - This effort will be rewarded by seeing your process variables in a ranked list 23
- 24. DRYING 101 THE DRYING SUPERSTAR 24 TIME REDUCTIONINSTANDARD DEVIATIONOFDRYINGPROCESS 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% ORACLE EXPERT NOVICE
- 26. DRYING 101 HOW LEARNING MODELS WORK 26 GIVEN WHAT WILL YIELD THE BEST BATCH RECORD
- 27. RECOMMENDATIONS GET TO ORACLE LEVEL 27 - Machine learning algorithms improve your ability to control drying processes - Every batch you make will improve the performance of your next batch - Every model you create will act like your best operator
- 28. DRYING 101 SUMMARY 28 - Drying mistakes are costly and nearly universal in the food processing industry - The most common mistake is not using the right moisture metric - The next most common mistake is not writing process variables to a universal batch record - METER has built ways to become a drying superstar, the first of which is free (NOVICE20)