This document discusses anti-thyroid and parathyroid drugs. It provides information on drug classes that affect the thyroid and parathyroid glands, including thioamides, anion inhibitors, beta blockers, calcitonin, etidronate, and calcifediol. It also outlines nursing assessments, diagnoses, and care plans related to administering these medications and monitoring for effectiveness and adverse reactions.

1. Name: Aamir Hussain
Subject: Pharmacology
Topic: Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System
Anti-thyroid Drugs
&
Parathyroid Drugs
Faculty : Mr. Ramesh Kumar
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2. Anti-thyroid drugs
A number of drugs act as anti-thyroid drugs.
Use for patients with hyperthyroidism.
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3. Anti-thyroid drugs
Drugs used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism :
Inhibition of hormone synthesis :
 Propylthiouracil and Methimazole.
Blockade of hormone release :
 Iodides, Iodinated contrast media.
Radioactive Iodine
Anion Inhibitors :
 Perchlorates, Thiocynates.
Beta blocking drugs : Propranolol.
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4. Anti-thyroid drugs
THIOAMIDES :
These are used for treatment of mild thyrotoxicosis and
in preparation of surgery.
Propylthiouracil is relatively safe and preferred in
pregnancy.
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5. Anti-thyroid drugs
THIOAMIDES : ADVERSE EFFECTS
Common adverse effects includes maculopapular rash,
arthralgia and vasculitis.
Agranulocytosis – reversible.
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6. Anti-thyroid drugs
ANION INHIBITORS :
Monovalent ions like perchlorate, pertechnetate,
thiocyanate can competitively block the uptake of
iodine.
Anion inhibitors are uncommon in use because of aplastic
anemia.
These are effective in iodine induced hyperthyroidism
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7. Anti-thyroid drugs
Other Anti-thyroid drugs :
Propranolol is used in the management of cardiac
symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.
Lithium is known to inhibit synthesis and release of
thyroid hormones.
Amiodarone can also result in hypothyroidism.
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8. Adverse Drug Reaction
Fever
Rash
Headache
Bloody diarrhea
Depression
Anorexia
Gastric irritation
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9. Nursing Assessment
Before drug therapy begins, review the patient’s history
for conditions that contraindicate require cautious use of
the prescribed anti-thyroid drugs.
 During treatment assess the patient for unfavorable
drug reactions and signs of drug interactions.
Also sometimes assess the effectiveness of therapy with
the anti-thyroid drug. Finally, evaluate the patient’s and
family’s knowledge about the prescribed drug
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10. Nursing Diagnosis
Risk for injury related to a preexisting condition that
contraindicate or requires cautious use of an anti-thyroid
drug.
Knowledge deficit related to the prescribed anti-thyroid
drugs.
Risk for injury related to adverse drug reactions or drug
interaction.
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11. Planning and Implementation
Do not administer an anti-thyroid drug to a patient with a
condition that contraindicate its use.
 Administer an anti-thyroid drug carefully to a patient at risk
because of a preexisting condition.
Observe the patient for hypersensitivity reactions to the anti-
thyroid drugs.
Monitor the patient for signs of toxicity such as thyroid gland
enlargement.
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12. Evolution
For each nursing diagnosis, prepare an evaluation statement
that describes the patient’s or family’s response to nursing
intervention.
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13. Parathyroid Drugs
The parathyroid drugs also referred to as a calcium
regulators.
Bone metabolism
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14. Parathyroid Drugs
 Alendronate
 Adverse gastrointestinal(GI)effects in dose more then 10mg.
 Decrease alendronate absorption
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15. Parathyroid Drugs
Calcitonin
Increase bone resorption, intestinal absorption, and kidney
reaborption of calcium.
Etidronate disodium
Decreased absorption of etidronate disodium.
Calcifediol
Decrease calcifedional absorption
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16. Adverse Drug Reaction
Hypocalcaemia
Flushing
Nausea
Vomiting
Swelling tenderness of the hands
Diarrhea
Headache
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17. Nursing Assessment
Before drug therapy begins, review the patient’s history for
condition that contraindicate or require cautious use of the
prescribed parathyroid drugs.
Review the patient’s history to identify use of drugs that may
interact with it.
During drug therapy, assess the patient for adverse drug
reactions and signs of during interaction.
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18. Nursing Diagnosis
Risk for injury related to a preexisting condition that
contraindicates or requiires cautious use of a parathyroid
drug.
Risk for injury related to adverse drug reactions or drug
interactions.
Knowledge deficit related to the prescribed parathyroid
drug.
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19. Planning and Implementation
Do not administer a parathyroid drug to a patient with a
condition that contraindicates its use.
Monitor the patient for adverse reaction and drug inter-
actions during treatment with a parathyroid drug.
Protect calcitriol and dihydrotachysterol from heat and light
to prevent loss of potency.
Do not refrigerate dihydrotachysterol.
 Notify the physician if unfavorable reactions or drug inter-actions
occur.
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20. Evolution
For each nursing diagnosis, prepare an evolution statement
that describes the patients' or family’s response to nursing
intervention.
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21. Thanks
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