Drug trafficking is the greatest threat to humanity because large no of youth across the world are wasting their life and all Governments are trying to stop this illegal activity. Combine effort under UNO is paying result.i
This document discusses drug trafficking and abuse trends in Mauritius. It aims to measure the depth of drug trafficking and find ways to eradicate it. The document provides background on the history of drug use in Mauritius and discusses current issues like widespread availability and trafficking of drugs like heroin, marijuana, and Subutex. It notes the limited enforcement capabilities and outlines the study's objectives to thoroughly analyze trafficking mechanisms, review laws and policies, and compare other countries' strategies. The proposed methodology includes surveys of households and individuals across Mauritius to collect new data and identify remedial measures to curb the drug issues impacting the country.
Drug trafficking is a global black market involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs. In recent years, several large drug busts by law enforcement in the US and other countries have seized billions of dollars worth of illegal drugs and dismantled major trafficking organizations. However, drug trafficking remains a widespread and serious worldwide problem that negatively impacts individuals and communities through health and social issues. Addressing the complex issue requires ongoing and coordinated international, national and local enforcement and prevention efforts.
This document summarizes drug trafficking in Europe. It defines drug trafficking and outlines the main drugs trafficked - heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and amphetamines. It describes how these drugs are used in Europe and provides statistics on drug trafficking revenues and drug use in several European countries. The document sources its information from organizations like the UNODC and studies of drug use in the European Union.
This document summarizes drug trends in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties in Florida based on data from 2012-2013. Key findings include: 1) Prescription drug diversion declined across Florida while deaths from opioids like hydromorphone increased. 2) Synthetic cathinones like methylone replaced MDMA and other emerging drugs were identified. 3) Cocaine deaths declined in both counties but treatment admissions also declined. Heroin indicators were rising. Marijuana treatment admissions declined significantly.
Illicit Trade in Counterfeit Medicine by Kristina M. Lybecker, The Colorado C...OECD Governance
Presentation made by Kristina M. Lybecker, The Colorado College at the 3rd meeting of the OECD Task Force on Charting Illicit Trade - OECD, Paris, 30-31 March 2015
For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/risk/charting-illicit-trade-third-task-force-meeting.htm
Cocaine continues to be a major drug problem in South Florida, though indicators are declining since 2007. Heroin remains low but primary treatment admissions increased 2009-2010. Over half of heroin deaths involved prescription opioids. Oxycodone deaths usually involve other drugs. Nonmedical use of opioids appears to have peaked in late 2009. Oxymorphone nonmedical use is rising fastest. Benzodiazepine deaths have stabilized while emergency reports increased. Marijuana use is rising among youth and a top treatment admission drug.
The Opioid Crisis: The Important Role of CPAsPYA, P.C.
The document summarizes a presentation on the opioid crisis and the role of CPAs. It provides an overview of the scope and history of the crisis, describes recent case examples of fraud and abuse, and outlines affected industries and risk areas that require internal controls monitoring. It also discusses what CPAs can do to help address the crisis, such as focusing on the flow of money, monitoring drug costs, investigating physician payments from pharmaceutical companies, and ensuring compliance to avoid litigation.
Sam shakespeare boca raton medical marijuanaJD Liners
Sam Shakespeare advocates for medical marijuana and believes disparate state laws are harming families. Research shows the body's endocannabinoid system interacts with marijuana compounds to benefit immune and nervous systems. Studies indicate medical marijuana can safely and effectively treat conditions like AIDS, cancer, MS, pain, epilepsy and glaucoma. However, the war on drugs has led to militarized policing and mass incarceration of nonviolent drug offenders in the US.
This document discusses drug trafficking and abuse trends in Mauritius. It aims to measure the depth of drug trafficking and find ways to eradicate it. The document provides background on the history of drug use in Mauritius and discusses current issues like widespread availability and trafficking of drugs like heroin, marijuana, and Subutex. It notes the limited enforcement capabilities and outlines the study's objectives to thoroughly analyze trafficking mechanisms, review laws and policies, and compare other countries' strategies. The proposed methodology includes surveys of households and individuals across Mauritius to collect new data and identify remedial measures to curb the drug issues impacting the country.
Drug trafficking is a global black market involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs. In recent years, several large drug busts by law enforcement in the US and other countries have seized billions of dollars worth of illegal drugs and dismantled major trafficking organizations. However, drug trafficking remains a widespread and serious worldwide problem that negatively impacts individuals and communities through health and social issues. Addressing the complex issue requires ongoing and coordinated international, national and local enforcement and prevention efforts.
This document summarizes drug trafficking in Europe. It defines drug trafficking and outlines the main drugs trafficked - heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and amphetamines. It describes how these drugs are used in Europe and provides statistics on drug trafficking revenues and drug use in several European countries. The document sources its information from organizations like the UNODC and studies of drug use in the European Union.
This document summarizes drug trends in Miami-Dade and Broward Counties in Florida based on data from 2012-2013. Key findings include: 1) Prescription drug diversion declined across Florida while deaths from opioids like hydromorphone increased. 2) Synthetic cathinones like methylone replaced MDMA and other emerging drugs were identified. 3) Cocaine deaths declined in both counties but treatment admissions also declined. Heroin indicators were rising. Marijuana treatment admissions declined significantly.
Illicit Trade in Counterfeit Medicine by Kristina M. Lybecker, The Colorado C...OECD Governance
Presentation made by Kristina M. Lybecker, The Colorado College at the 3rd meeting of the OECD Task Force on Charting Illicit Trade - OECD, Paris, 30-31 March 2015
For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/risk/charting-illicit-trade-third-task-force-meeting.htm
Cocaine continues to be a major drug problem in South Florida, though indicators are declining since 2007. Heroin remains low but primary treatment admissions increased 2009-2010. Over half of heroin deaths involved prescription opioids. Oxycodone deaths usually involve other drugs. Nonmedical use of opioids appears to have peaked in late 2009. Oxymorphone nonmedical use is rising fastest. Benzodiazepine deaths have stabilized while emergency reports increased. Marijuana use is rising among youth and a top treatment admission drug.
The Opioid Crisis: The Important Role of CPAsPYA, P.C.
The document summarizes a presentation on the opioid crisis and the role of CPAs. It provides an overview of the scope and history of the crisis, describes recent case examples of fraud and abuse, and outlines affected industries and risk areas that require internal controls monitoring. It also discusses what CPAs can do to help address the crisis, such as focusing on the flow of money, monitoring drug costs, investigating physician payments from pharmaceutical companies, and ensuring compliance to avoid litigation.
Sam shakespeare boca raton medical marijuanaJD Liners
Sam Shakespeare advocates for medical marijuana and believes disparate state laws are harming families. Research shows the body's endocannabinoid system interacts with marijuana compounds to benefit immune and nervous systems. Studies indicate medical marijuana can safely and effectively treat conditions like AIDS, cancer, MS, pain, epilepsy and glaucoma. However, the war on drugs has led to militarized policing and mass incarceration of nonviolent drug offenders in the US.
Prescription Drug Abuse is on the Rise in FloridaCraig Benoit
Between 2005 and 2009, deaths caused by nonmedical prescription drugs increased across Florida. Broward and Palm Beach Counties were among the hardest hit areas. The number of deaths involving opioids like oxycodone and methadone rose substantially over this period. Oxycodone deaths increased 249% from 2005 to 2009. Broward County had the highest number of prescription drug deaths of any Florida county. Nonmedical use of prescription opioids is a growing problem impacting South Florida and the state.
This document analyzes the economic effects of political opposition to Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. It finds that voters who signed petitions to recall Chavez from office experienced a 5% drop in earnings and a 1.5 percentage point drop in employment rates after their identities were made public in the Venezuelan government's Maisanta database. The database matched voter registration records with signers of recall petitions and was allegedly used by the Chavez regime to target political opponents. This provides evidence that signing the petitions had real economic costs for voters due to potential punishment by the government.
1) Afghanistan is the world's largest producer of opium, with production increasing significantly in recent years. The opium economy fuels terrorism and weakens governance.
2) The Taliban protects and taxes opium farmers, earning an estimated $400 million per year which funds their insurgency. Around 50% of the Taliban's funding comes from the opium trade.
3) Opium is trafficked from Afghanistan along the Northern, Balkan, and Southern routes to international markets in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America, with trafficking facilitated by corruption, weak governance, and armed groups in the region.
A newsletter roundup covering recent issues such as a lawsuit alleging a herbicide product from Monsanto caused a farmer's cancer-related death, ongoing issues with water contamination, and the clean-up effort involving lead contamination from a shuttered Exide Technologies plant in Los Angeles.
Florida faces challenges with drug use and consequences, including drug-induced deaths higher than the national average. Marijuana and prescription opioids are primary drugs of abuse treated in Florida. Meth lab seizures rose 148% from 2007-2009. Florida is working to address these issues through initiatives like an authorized but not yet operational prescription drug monitoring program and supporting coalitions through Drug Free Communities grants. In 2010, Florida received over $338 million in federal grants to support reducing drug use.
A newsletter roundup covering U.S. fatalities from distracted driving, workplace dangers posed by silica dust, and drivers' licenses for undocumented immigrants.
This document discusses counterfeit drugs and medical devices, specifically in India. It begins by defining counterfeit products and noting that about 10-30% of medicines in low and middle income countries like India are estimated to be counterfeit. It then discusses challenges posed by counterfeit medicines in India, including lost business for manufacturers, undermining generics adoption, and increasing economic and social burdens. The document also outlines relevant Indian laws for addressing counterfeiting like the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940. Finally, it states that combating counterfeit medicines requires collaboration between law enforcement, manufacturers, and health professionals.
This document provides an overview of substance abuse issues in Monroe County, Michigan. It finds that drug overdose deaths have increased from 14 in 2004 to 41 in 2013, with heroin, methadone, and cocaine being top contributors. The county currently funds prevention programs and medication take-back events using various sources, but recommends expanding treatment and prevention services given the growing problem. Appendices provide more data on demographics, programs, and funding sources for substance abuse services in the county.
Venezuela Alert for free, fair and competitive elections (Report #22, September 2013):
PARTISAN USE OF THE STATE TV SIGNAL
By: Monitoreo Ciudadano/ @yomonitoreo
THE NATIONAL ELECTORAL COUNCIL AT THE SERVICE OF THE PSUV
By: Liderazgo y Visión
STATE VS. CIVIL SOCIETY
By: Un Estado de Derecho
NGO REPORTS: OMBUDSMAN OF THE PEOPLE IS NOT INDEPENDENT
By: Espacio Público
SHORTAGE OF NEWSPRINT JEOPARDIZES CIRCULATION OF REGIONAL NEWSPAPERS
By: Espacio Público
FIGHTING CORRUPTION OR ATTACKING THE POLITICAL ENEMY
By: Transparencia Venezuela / @nomasguiso
NEWS: TSJ REMAINS SILENT ON ELECTORAL MIGRATIONS
Taken from the newspaper El Universal
CITIZENS´ SECURITY: A PRIORITY FOR THE STATE´S FINANCIAL PLAN?
This document discusses drug trafficking in India. It begins with background on the rise of drug abuse in India from 2000-2009, with opiate users increasing from 22% to 42% and synthetic drug users growing quietly. It then outlines the major drugs trafficked like opium, heroin, cocaine, and marijuana. It maps the major drug hubs across India and describes how drugs are trafficked through smugglers, the internet, and suppliers in red light areas. Finally, it discusses prevention strategies like awareness programs, customs checks, and strong laws and governance to curb drug trafficking.
Drug trafficking is a global black market involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs. In recent years, various law enforcement agencies have seized record amounts of illegal drugs and arrested thousands of individuals for drug-related crimes both domestically and internationally. However, drug trafficking remains a widespread and serious issue around the world with no easy solutions.
This document discusses drug trafficking and its social consequences. It notes that drug trafficking leads to crime, violence, corruption, and marginalization. It also discusses how in many countries, including Brazil, there are social movements advocating for the legalization of cannabis. However, drug possession and trafficking are considered crimes. The document also discusses how drugs are linked to crime through their unauthorized possession/trafficking being illegal, users committing crimes to fund addictions, crimes facilitating drug trafficking, and the effects of drugs leading to criminal behavior. It states that currently, the largest source of income for organized crime is the drug trade, mainly through marijuana, cocaine, and other drugs. The prison population has also tripled over the past 15 years,
The causes and effects of drug addiction circumscribed both the reasons for a person to start using drugs and the aftermath of becoming a addicted. Drug addiction doesn’t pose fragility or flawed self control. It creates a vicious cycle that undeniably precipitates anomaly in the brain, resulting in potent cravings and involuntary inclination prompting to use more drugs.
For immediate help call : (855) 937-7342
c25a8u3s9e7s
The document discusses global drug trends and issues. It notes that 1/3 of $1 trillion in illegal income comes from drug trafficking. Afghanistan produces over 90% of the world's opium, while Southeast Asia has seen declines in recent years. Cocaine production remains centered in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. Cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants are also widely produced and trafficked globally. International cooperation is needed to address the growing transnational drug trade.
Drug trafficking is the global illicit trade of substances like cocaine, cannabis, meth, heroin, and ecstasy that are prohibited by drug laws. It involves the cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, and sale of these illegal drugs. The UNODC closely monitors and researches the dynamics of the global illicit drug market to better understand how it operates.
Methamphetamine continues to enter the Philippines through four major routes: seaports, airports, mail services, and coastal areas. Large shipments of 158 kilograms were seized twice at the Manila port in 1997 from container vans. The airport task force seized over 116 million pesos worth of drugs in 2001, including 10 kilograms found on two Taiwanese passengers from China. Foreign nationals are often involved, as reflected by 258 arrests of foreigners from 1993 to 2001 for drug trafficking violations.
The document discusses drug trade in South America, noting that Colombia struggled with small guerilla groups funding themselves through drug trade in the 1970s-1980s, but has since implemented peace talks and a new constitution. It also explains that Bolivia's president will not eliminate cocoa plants, which are chewed to increase stamina and are mostly exported to Brazil for cocaine rather than the US, and that Brazil sells more cocaine than the US, obtaining cocoa from Bolivia as coffee farming is not profitable enough. Overall, the economies of many South American countries involve cocoa and other drug-related plants, which poorer citizens rely on for subsistence.
The document discusses various topics related to drugs, including drug education, addiction, trafficking, and categories. It defines drug education and discusses the history and production of drugs. It then covers drug addiction in more detail, explaining causes and effects on the brain. Drug trafficking is summarized as the illicit global trade of prohibited substances, and examples are given of marijuana and methamphetamine production in the Philippines. Finally, the seven legal categories of drugs are outlined.
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
Prescription Drug Abuse is on the Rise in FloridaCraig Benoit
Between 2005 and 2009, deaths caused by nonmedical prescription drugs increased across Florida. Broward and Palm Beach Counties were among the hardest hit areas. The number of deaths involving opioids like oxycodone and methadone rose substantially over this period. Oxycodone deaths increased 249% from 2005 to 2009. Broward County had the highest number of prescription drug deaths of any Florida county. Nonmedical use of prescription opioids is a growing problem impacting South Florida and the state.
This document analyzes the economic effects of political opposition to Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez. It finds that voters who signed petitions to recall Chavez from office experienced a 5% drop in earnings and a 1.5 percentage point drop in employment rates after their identities were made public in the Venezuelan government's Maisanta database. The database matched voter registration records with signers of recall petitions and was allegedly used by the Chavez regime to target political opponents. This provides evidence that signing the petitions had real economic costs for voters due to potential punishment by the government.
1) Afghanistan is the world's largest producer of opium, with production increasing significantly in recent years. The opium economy fuels terrorism and weakens governance.
2) The Taliban protects and taxes opium farmers, earning an estimated $400 million per year which funds their insurgency. Around 50% of the Taliban's funding comes from the opium trade.
3) Opium is trafficked from Afghanistan along the Northern, Balkan, and Southern routes to international markets in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America, with trafficking facilitated by corruption, weak governance, and armed groups in the region.
A newsletter roundup covering recent issues such as a lawsuit alleging a herbicide product from Monsanto caused a farmer's cancer-related death, ongoing issues with water contamination, and the clean-up effort involving lead contamination from a shuttered Exide Technologies plant in Los Angeles.
Florida faces challenges with drug use and consequences, including drug-induced deaths higher than the national average. Marijuana and prescription opioids are primary drugs of abuse treated in Florida. Meth lab seizures rose 148% from 2007-2009. Florida is working to address these issues through initiatives like an authorized but not yet operational prescription drug monitoring program and supporting coalitions through Drug Free Communities grants. In 2010, Florida received over $338 million in federal grants to support reducing drug use.
A newsletter roundup covering U.S. fatalities from distracted driving, workplace dangers posed by silica dust, and drivers' licenses for undocumented immigrants.
This document discusses counterfeit drugs and medical devices, specifically in India. It begins by defining counterfeit products and noting that about 10-30% of medicines in low and middle income countries like India are estimated to be counterfeit. It then discusses challenges posed by counterfeit medicines in India, including lost business for manufacturers, undermining generics adoption, and increasing economic and social burdens. The document also outlines relevant Indian laws for addressing counterfeiting like the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940. Finally, it states that combating counterfeit medicines requires collaboration between law enforcement, manufacturers, and health professionals.
This document provides an overview of substance abuse issues in Monroe County, Michigan. It finds that drug overdose deaths have increased from 14 in 2004 to 41 in 2013, with heroin, methadone, and cocaine being top contributors. The county currently funds prevention programs and medication take-back events using various sources, but recommends expanding treatment and prevention services given the growing problem. Appendices provide more data on demographics, programs, and funding sources for substance abuse services in the county.
Venezuela Alert for free, fair and competitive elections (Report #22, September 2013):
PARTISAN USE OF THE STATE TV SIGNAL
By: Monitoreo Ciudadano/ @yomonitoreo
THE NATIONAL ELECTORAL COUNCIL AT THE SERVICE OF THE PSUV
By: Liderazgo y Visión
STATE VS. CIVIL SOCIETY
By: Un Estado de Derecho
NGO REPORTS: OMBUDSMAN OF THE PEOPLE IS NOT INDEPENDENT
By: Espacio Público
SHORTAGE OF NEWSPRINT JEOPARDIZES CIRCULATION OF REGIONAL NEWSPAPERS
By: Espacio Público
FIGHTING CORRUPTION OR ATTACKING THE POLITICAL ENEMY
By: Transparencia Venezuela / @nomasguiso
NEWS: TSJ REMAINS SILENT ON ELECTORAL MIGRATIONS
Taken from the newspaper El Universal
CITIZENS´ SECURITY: A PRIORITY FOR THE STATE´S FINANCIAL PLAN?
This document discusses drug trafficking in India. It begins with background on the rise of drug abuse in India from 2000-2009, with opiate users increasing from 22% to 42% and synthetic drug users growing quietly. It then outlines the major drugs trafficked like opium, heroin, cocaine, and marijuana. It maps the major drug hubs across India and describes how drugs are trafficked through smugglers, the internet, and suppliers in red light areas. Finally, it discusses prevention strategies like awareness programs, customs checks, and strong laws and governance to curb drug trafficking.
Drug trafficking is a global black market involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of illegal drugs. In recent years, various law enforcement agencies have seized record amounts of illegal drugs and arrested thousands of individuals for drug-related crimes both domestically and internationally. However, drug trafficking remains a widespread and serious issue around the world with no easy solutions.
This document discusses drug trafficking and its social consequences. It notes that drug trafficking leads to crime, violence, corruption, and marginalization. It also discusses how in many countries, including Brazil, there are social movements advocating for the legalization of cannabis. However, drug possession and trafficking are considered crimes. The document also discusses how drugs are linked to crime through their unauthorized possession/trafficking being illegal, users committing crimes to fund addictions, crimes facilitating drug trafficking, and the effects of drugs leading to criminal behavior. It states that currently, the largest source of income for organized crime is the drug trade, mainly through marijuana, cocaine, and other drugs. The prison population has also tripled over the past 15 years,
The causes and effects of drug addiction circumscribed both the reasons for a person to start using drugs and the aftermath of becoming a addicted. Drug addiction doesn’t pose fragility or flawed self control. It creates a vicious cycle that undeniably precipitates anomaly in the brain, resulting in potent cravings and involuntary inclination prompting to use more drugs.
For immediate help call : (855) 937-7342
c25a8u3s9e7s
The document discusses global drug trends and issues. It notes that 1/3 of $1 trillion in illegal income comes from drug trafficking. Afghanistan produces over 90% of the world's opium, while Southeast Asia has seen declines in recent years. Cocaine production remains centered in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. Cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants are also widely produced and trafficked globally. International cooperation is needed to address the growing transnational drug trade.
Drug trafficking is the global illicit trade of substances like cocaine, cannabis, meth, heroin, and ecstasy that are prohibited by drug laws. It involves the cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, and sale of these illegal drugs. The UNODC closely monitors and researches the dynamics of the global illicit drug market to better understand how it operates.
Methamphetamine continues to enter the Philippines through four major routes: seaports, airports, mail services, and coastal areas. Large shipments of 158 kilograms were seized twice at the Manila port in 1997 from container vans. The airport task force seized over 116 million pesos worth of drugs in 2001, including 10 kilograms found on two Taiwanese passengers from China. Foreign nationals are often involved, as reflected by 258 arrests of foreigners from 1993 to 2001 for drug trafficking violations.
The document discusses drug trade in South America, noting that Colombia struggled with small guerilla groups funding themselves through drug trade in the 1970s-1980s, but has since implemented peace talks and a new constitution. It also explains that Bolivia's president will not eliminate cocoa plants, which are chewed to increase stamina and are mostly exported to Brazil for cocaine rather than the US, and that Brazil sells more cocaine than the US, obtaining cocoa from Bolivia as coffee farming is not profitable enough. Overall, the economies of many South American countries involve cocoa and other drug-related plants, which poorer citizens rely on for subsistence.
The document discusses various topics related to drugs, including drug education, addiction, trafficking, and categories. It defines drug education and discusses the history and production of drugs. It then covers drug addiction in more detail, explaining causes and effects on the brain. Drug trafficking is summarized as the illicit global trade of prohibited substances, and examples are given of marijuana and methamphetamine production in the Philippines. Finally, the seven legal categories of drugs are outlined.
- Drug addiction and abuse refers to the chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body or mind for non-medical purposes. This includes both licit and illicit drugs.
- Addiction is compulsive drug use despite harm, while substance abuse refers to frequently using drugs like alcohol and inhalants that can be addictive.
- Dependence involves psychological need for a drug and physical tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Addiction affects the reward pathway in the brain.
- Drug abuse has negative effects on individuals, families, and society through health issues, crime, and lost productivity.
International day against drug abuse and illicit traffickingFire Wallet
The document discusses the United Nations' International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, which aims to raise awareness of the major problems illicit drugs pose to society. It notes that drug trafficking has transformed from a social and criminal problem into a major threat to health and security, exacerbating issues like addiction, money laundering, and political instability in West Africa. The document also provides statistics on global illicit drug use and lists various health risks of substance abuse as well as its impacts on healthcare costs, crime, and domestic violence.
The document discusses various types of plagiarism such as copy-and-paste plagiarism, word switching, using another's ideas without citation, and more. It provides examples of plagiarized content and the proper ways to cite sources, including using quotation marks for verbatim quotes and citing the author and year. The last section notes that one should use their own words as much as possible, always give credit to sources, and either quote or paraphrase and cite when using others' work to avoid plagiarism.
Understanding Cybercrime: Theft of Intellectual Property - Janine HollesenWerksmans Attorneys
The document discusses the growing issue of intellectual property theft in the digital age. It notes that the large number of internet and mobile users, as well as new technologies, increase the risk of theft and piracy of intellectual property like patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and know-how. Examples are given of employees stealing sensitive military or industrial information from their employers and attempts to sell trade secrets to competitors in other countries. The theft of intellectual property can seriously damage competitive advantage and business.
During 2009-2010, there were many grenade attacks in El Salvador. In 2011, 8 military men were arrested trying to extract grenades from a military area, and a captain was arrested in the US for selling explosives. The source then obtained an undercover video in 2013 of a lieutenant selling plastic explosives. To investigate where the weapons were coming from, the source filed numerous freedom of information requests and obtained court records in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and a FOIA to the US. They aimed to match weapon serial numbers to the Salvadoran military's registers.
A música "Pássaro de Fogo" descreve o cantor se entregando ao amor como um "pássaro de fogo" que canta ao ouvido da pessoa amada e quer conquistá-la. Ele fala sobre querer conhecer os segredos da pessoa e tirar seu sossego. No refrão, ele canta sobre levá-la longe do chão em asas do sonho até seu coração.
This document discusses arms trafficking and the global arms trade. It notes that arms trafficking, also known as gunrunning, is the illegal trafficking or smuggling of contraband weapons or ammunition. An estimated 63 million guns have been trafficked into India and Pakistan from other areas of political turmoil. The total value of the global arms market is estimated at around $60 billion per year, with the illegal arms trade estimated at 10-20% of the total. The United States has the highest rate of gun ownership per 100 residents at 88.8.
This document summarizes drug trafficking in Europe. It defines drug trafficking and outlines the major drugs trafficked - heroin, cocaine, marijuana, and amphetamines. It describes how these drugs are used in Europe and provides statistics on drug trafficking revenues and drug use in several European countries. The document sources its information from organizations like the UNODC and studies of drug use in the European Union.
8 GLOBALISATION & CRIME: Drug Traffiking Reportmattyp99
This document provides biographies of the authors of a report on the social, economic, and policy dimensions of drug trafficking in Brazil, China, India, and Mexico. The authors include anthropologists, sociologists, economists, and researchers studying various aspects of drug trafficking and its impacts. The document also provides a dedication to Christian Geffray, one of the scientific coordinators of the report, who passed away in 2001 while conducting research on drug trafficking and its social impacts.
8 GLOBALISATION of CRIME: Columbian Drugs Trademattyp99
Colombia has been very successful in trafficking drugs like cocaine into the United States due to high demand for these drugs in the US. While Colombia's geography and weak economy help its drug trade, these factors alone would not sustain it without American consumers. The document argues that the US approach to drugs focuses too much on stopping supply and not enough on reducing domestic demand, which is ultimately what drives the lucrative drug trade from Colombia. Addressing why Americans want these drugs is needed to truly solve the problem.
Globalization has led to increased interconnectedness between societies and opportunities for transnational crime. It has created a large global criminal economy worth over $1 trillion annually, which includes activities like arms trafficking, smuggling of people, drugs and other illegal goods, cybercrime, money laundering, and sex tourism that connect various countries. Globalization has also changed how crime is organized, with looser networks operating across borders yet still rooted locally. Some sociologists argue that globalization's spread of neoliberal capitalism and deregulation has exacerbated inequality and insecurity, fueling demand for illicit goods and new opportunities for large-scale criminal activities.
The 2015 UN World Drug Report found that global drug use prevalence remains stable but access to treatment is still low. Approximately 246 million people worldwide use illicit drugs like cannabis, cocaine, and amphetamines. Problem drug use disproportionately affects men and injection drug users are at high risk of contracting HIV. While opium cultivation is at its highest level since the 1930s, the UNODC Executive Director called for greater investment in long-term medical treatment for drug dependence as well as alternative development programs to address the social and economic factors driving illicit crop cultivation.
Running head INTERNATIONAL DRUG TRAFFICKING1INTERNATIONAL DR.docxjeanettehully
Running head: INTERNATIONAL DRUG TRAFFICKING1
INTERNATIONAL DRUG TRAFFICKING 6
International Drug Trafficking
Student Name
Course No
Course Name
International drug trafficking is a greatly debated global matter since it is a key problem in global relations. Drug trafficking is described as the global illegitimate trade that involves the manufacture, distribution, and sale of substances that are forbidden by the laws. Drug trafficking is said to be a worldwide issue since many actors comprising the transnational criminal organizations are involved. The undertaking involves many types of drug substances across the world. Such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin together with many other prescribed drugs. The drugs contribute to addiction as well as harming the human bodies, an aspect that brings about the prohibition in many nations. Many nations across the world focus on mitigating this menace through policies, which implement enforcement. Cartels involved in drug trafficking are associated with tipping the power scales back in their favors through seeking alternative trafficking methods. Drug trafficking impacts all members of countries across the globe whereby it undermines both the economic and political stability of nations. Further research is important because it will expound on the impacts of international drug trafficking on the community as well as helping in identifying the criminal networks and routes behind the illegal trade. International drug trafficking has significantly contributed to human suffering all over the globe and hence there is a need for action.
Jenner, M. S. (2011). International drug trafficking: A global problem with a domestic solution. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 18(2), 901-927.
Although substance abuse and education appear to exhibit a circular relationship, it is alleged that education is a key intervention point for preventing substance abuse. Learners who consume drugs may suffer short-term memory impairment together with many other intellectual faculties. It may also lead to impaired tracking capabilities for perceptual and sensory functions. It may also translate into negative social and emotional development which ultimately leads to impaired performance in classrooms. Decreased cognitive efficiency translates into poor performance in academics as well as reduced self-esteem. Therefore, the overall result is instability in a person’s sense of identity that may lead to further substance abuse thus creating a vicious circle. Education is said to be amongst the principle ways through which drug abuse can be prevented despite the fact that the results will be produced in the long-term, it should be embraced (p. 918). This source contributes significantly to the solution of international trafficking menace by offering ways through which drug abuse can be prevented.
Number 6 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG ABUSE AND ILLICIT TRAFFICKING. (1998). Retrieved from https://www.uno ...
The impact of illicit trade to industrial development and processes.How it has impacted developing countries as well as the types of illicit trade occurring .Advantages and disadvantages of illicit trade to the economy
The great overview (Issues for discussion about the Atlantic Basin)
Reflections for Uribe:
Oportunities
Challenges
Global Risks with regional impact
Other topics to highlight
Cities
Lessons from Brazil
The China effect
Drugs
The two regional models in Latin America
The document is the 2012 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). It provides information on trafficking patterns, flows, victims, and traffickers globally and by region based on officially reported data. Key findings include that at least 136 nationalities were trafficked to 118 countries between 2007-2010, and the percentage of detected child victims increased from 20% in 2003-2006 to 27% in 2007-2010. Regional trends and challenges to effective responses are also examined, such as low conviction rates compared to other crimes. The report aims to further understanding of human trafficking to strengthen policies and criminal justice responses.
Global Report on Trafficking in Persons 2012Daniel Dufourt
The document is the 2012 Global Report on Trafficking in Persons published by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). It provides information on trafficking patterns, flows, victims, traffickers and forms of exploitation globally and by region based on officially reported data from 2007-2010. Key findings include that at least 136 nationalities were trafficked to 118 countries, and the percentage of detected child victims increased from 20% in 2003-2006 to 27% in 2007-2010. Regional trends and challenges responding to trafficking are also examined, such as low conviction rates globally similar to rare crimes in some countries. The report aims to further understanding of human trafficking to inform criminal justice responses and policies.
The 2024 World Wildlife Crime Report tracks all these issues, trends and more...Christina Parmionova
The third edition of the World Wildlife Crime Report, probes trends in the illicit trafficking of protected wildlife species. It presents systematic analyses of wildlife crime harms and impacts, probes the factors driving wildlife trafficking trends, and takes stock of current knowledge about the effectiveness of the different types of intervention being pursued to resolve this problem.
This document discusses drug trafficking trends and counter narcotics efforts. It notes that while heroin and cocaine use is decreasing in Europe, cannabis remains the most commonly used drug. It analyzes drug trafficking routes from Afghanistan to Europe and Africa. Cultivation of opium poppies has increased significantly in Afghanistan, outpacing potential demand from opioid users. This suggests illegal markets for opioids exist. The document also examines drug use and trafficking trends in Gulf countries, noting cannabis as the most commonly used illicit substance. It discusses the links between international organized crime, terrorist groups, and the illegal opioid trade, suggesting drug trafficking serves as an important source of financing for terrorist networks like ISIS. The document calls for strengthened international cooperation and information sharing to disrupt
As an intern in my fall semester of 1999 at the US Embassy in London, I was given the task of drafting the International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INSCR) for the United Kingdom. I found my original draft and added the approved version by the State Department. I think I was fairly close.
The document discusses illicit drug trafficking in Nigeria. It provides background on drug supply, distribution and use in Nigeria. It notes that West Africa is a key transit point for drug trafficking and that Nigeria has issues with trafficking of substances like cannabis, cocaine, and tramadol. It also discusses the effects of drug trafficking such as strained international relations and increased crime. The document outlines Nigeria's drug policies and legislative frameworks to comply with international conventions. It discusses challenges like barriers to accessing drug treatment and a large unmet need. It concludes by providing recommendations for how to curb drug trafficking in Nigeria such as reducing demand, increasing funding for security agencies, and educating youth.
This document discusses drug abuse and trafficking. It begins with introducing the International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking observed on June 26th. It then defines drugs and describes different types, including legal drugs like alcohol and illegal drugs like cocaine and heroin. The document discusses why people take drugs, health and social risks of drug abuse, and examples of individuals who have died of overdoses. It also outlines the major drug production and trafficking routes in Asia, known as the Golden Crescent and Golden Triangle. Statistics are presented on the large illegal drug market value worldwide. The document concludes with discussing drug issues prevalent in India and Northeast states, the role of authorities like the Narcotics Control Bureau, and recommendations for cur
The document discusses the issue of drug abuse and trafficking in India. It notes that drug abuse is a major problem globally and in India, with over 70 million drug users in India. The major drugs of abuse in India include cannabis, heroin, pharmaceutical drugs, and cough syrups. Drug abuse has negative social and economic impacts and disproportionately affects youth. Solutions discussed include strengthening legal measures against drug trafficking, international cooperation to cut supply, and societal prevention programs through families, schools, and communities.
The document discusses pharmaceutical production, consumption, and trade within OIC member countries from 2005-2010. It finds that global pharmaceutical markets are concentrated in developed nations, who account for 79% of the market. OIC member countries have weak domestic production capacity and rely heavily on imports, accounting for 24% of developing country imports and 4% of global imports on average. The top OIC exporters are Jordan, Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Egypt, while the largest importers are Turkey, Algeria, UAE, Egypt, and Malaysia. Local production in OIC countries meets a small fraction of domestic demand.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
There are three components to emotions: subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral response. Regarding subjective experience, emotions can vary in intensity between individuals and be mixed. Physiological responses are regulated by the autonomic nervous system and brain areas like the amygdala. Behavioral responses involve facial expressions and body language, which can be interpreted and expressed differently across cultures. There are several theories of emotion, such as those proposed by Darwin, James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer. Ekman identified six universal emotions - happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise - while Plutchik developed a wheel to show how emotions can be combined. Emotions differ from
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are negative or irrational patterns of thinking that reinforce negative self-perceptions. Common cognitive distortions include all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, mental filters, discounting the positive, jumping to conclusions, magnification, emotional reasoning, 'should' statements, labeling, and personalization. These distortions can contribute to problems like anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. To cope, people can recognize distortions, challenge irrational thoughts, seek therapy which uses techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy to change distorted thinking patterns. Addressing cognitive distortions can improve mental health and well-being.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
This document discusses two defense mechanisms: splitting and projective identification. Splitting involves viewing oneself or others in an all-good or all-bad way without integrating both positive and negative qualities. It serves to minimize anxiety about how others may view one. Projective identification involves projecting one's own unacceptable feelings onto others and perceiving them as the source, while still being aware of the original feelings. It often induces the feelings in others that were initially projected. Both defenses allow avoidance of anxiety but maintain inflexible and distorted perceptions.
e-RUPI is a cashless and contactless digital payment solution launched by NPCI in partnership with several entities. It involves the generation of an e-voucher that is shared with beneficiaries via SMS or QR code to enable them to redeem the voucher value for a specific good or service without cards, apps or accounts. e-RUPI streamlines targeted delivery of benefits, reduces costs associated with physical voucher distribution, and maintains user privacy by avoiding the need for personal details during redemption at participating merchant locations.
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Drug Trafficking:SSB 54
1. AN INITIATIVE OF SHIVNANDANI INDUSTRIES PVT LTD AND JAGDAMB JANAKI NAWAL JANAKI
SOCIETY
Drug Trafficking
CompiledbyCol Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd), MTech,CE(I),FIE(I),FIETE,FISLE,FInstOD,AMCSI
Contact -9007224278, e-mail –muktesh_prasad@yahoo.co.in
for book ”DecodingServicesSelectionBoard” and SSB guidance and training at Shivnandani Edu and
Defence Academy
6/9/2015
2. Drug trafficking
Introduction
Drug trafficking is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and
sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws. UNODC is continuously
monitoring and researching global illicit drug markets in order to gain a more comprehensive
understanding of their dynamics. Drug trafficking is a key part of this research. Further
information can be found in the yearly World Drug Report.
At current levels, world heroin consumption (340 tons) and seizures represent an annual flow of
430-450 tons of heroin into the global heroin market. Of that total, opium from Myanmar and the
Lao People's Democratic Republic yields some 50 tons, while the rest, some 380 tons of heroin
and morphine, is produced exclusively from Afghan opium. While approximately 5 tons are
consumed and seized in Afghanistan, the remaining bulk of 375 tons is trafficked worldwide via
routes flowing into and through the countries neighbouring Afghanistan.
The Balkan and northern routes are the main heroin trafficking corridors linking Afghanistan to
the huge markets of the Russian Federation and Western Europe. The Balkan route traverses the
Islamic Republic of Iran (often via Pakistan), Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria across South-East
Europe to the Western European market, with an annual market value of some $20 billion. The
northern route runs mainly through Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan (or Uzbekistan or Turkmenistan)
to Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. The size of that market is estimated to total $13
billion per year.
Global heroinflows fromAsianpoints oforigin
Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2010
In 2008, global heroin seizures reached a record level of 73.7 metric tons. Most of the heroin was
seized in the Near and Middle East and South-West Asia (39 per cent of the global total), South-
East Europe (24 per cent) and Western and Central Europe (10 per cent). The global increase in
heroin seizures over the period 2006-2008 was driven mainly by continued burgeoning seizures
in the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey. In 2008, those two countries accounted for more than
3. half of global heroin seizures and registered, for the third consecutive year, the highest and
second highest seizures worldwide, respectively.
In 2007 and 2008, cocaine was used by some 16 to 17 million people worldwide, similar to the
number of global opiate users. North America accounted for more than 40 per cent of global
cocaine consumption (the total was estimated at around 470 tons), while the 27 European Union
and four European Free Trade Association countries accounted for more than a quarter of total
consumption. These two regions account for more than 80 per cent of the total value of the
global cocaine market, which was estimated at $88 billion in 2008.
For the North American market, cocaine is typically transported from Colombia to Mexico or
Central America by sea and then onwards by land to the United States and Canada. Cocaine is
trafficked to Europe mostly by sea, often in container shipments. Colombia remains the main
source of the cocaine found in Europe, but direct shipments from Peru and the Plurinational State
of Bolivia are far more common than in the United States market.
Mainglobalcocaineflows,2008
Source: UNODC World Drug Report 2010
4. Following a significant increase over the period 2002-2005, global
cocaine seizure totals have recently followeda stable trend, amounting
to 712 tons in 2007 and 711 tons in 2008. Seizures continued to be
concentratedin the Americas and Europe. However,the transitionfrom
2007 to 2008 brought about a geographical shift in seizures towards the
source countries for cocaine. Seizures in SouthAmericaaccounted for 59
per cent of the global total for 2008, comparedwith UNODC