The document discusses concepts, events, and biological processes involved in drug targeting. It defines drug targeting as selectively delivering pharmacologically active drugs to identified targets in therapeutic concentrations while restricting access to non-targets to minimize toxicity. It describes various strategies for drug targeting including chemical modifications, carrier-mediated delivery, and active targeting. It also outlines biological processes involved like cellular uptake, transport across epithelial barriers, extravasation into tissues, and lymphatic uptake that influence drug distribution. The presentation emphasizes how targeted delivery can improve efficacy and safety of drug therapy especially for cancer.
M.pharm (Pharmaceutics) Molecular Pharmaceutics (NTDS) unit 1 part 1 Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts, Events and biological process involved in drug targeting.
Computational modelling of drug disposition lalitajoshi9
computational modelling of drug disposition is the integral part of computer aided drug design. different kinds of tools being used in the prediction of drug disposition in human body. This topic in the CADD explains the details about the drug disposition, active transporters and tools.
Biopharmaceutic considerations in drug product design and In Vitro Drug Produ...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Introduction, biopharmaceutic factors affecting drug bioavailability, rate–limiting steps in drug absorption, physicochemical nature of the drug formulation factors affecting drug product performance
Targeted drug delivery systems, tdds, biological processes involved in targeted drug delivery system, brain targeted drug delivery system, tumour targeted drug delivery system.
M.pharm (Pharmaceutics) Molecular Pharmaceutics (NTDS) unit 1 part 1 Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts, Events and biological process involved in drug targeting.
Computational modelling of drug disposition lalitajoshi9
computational modelling of drug disposition is the integral part of computer aided drug design. different kinds of tools being used in the prediction of drug disposition in human body. This topic in the CADD explains the details about the drug disposition, active transporters and tools.
Biopharmaceutic considerations in drug product design and In Vitro Drug Produ...PRAJAKTASAWANT33
Introduction, biopharmaceutic factors affecting drug bioavailability, rate–limiting steps in drug absorption, physicochemical nature of the drug formulation factors affecting drug product performance
Targeted drug delivery systems, tdds, biological processes involved in targeted drug delivery system, brain targeted drug delivery system, tumour targeted drug delivery system.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems:
Targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) are a revolutionary approach in medicine that aims to deliver medications directly to diseased cells or tissues, minimizing exposure to healthy parts of the body. This strategy offers numerous advantages over traditional drug delivery methods, including:
Reduced side effects: By minimizing drug exposure to healthy tissues, TDDS can significantly reduce the risk of adverse reactions and improve patient tolerability.
Increased efficacy: Delivering drugs directly to their target site allows for higher drug concentrations at the diseased area, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Enhanced specificity: TDDS can be designed to target specific biomarkers associated with diseases, offering greater precision and personalized treatment options.
Here's a closer look at the key components and mechanisms of TDDS:
Components:
Drug: The therapeutic agent encapsulated within the delivery system.
Carrier: A biocompatible material that encapsulates and protects the drug, facilitating its transport and release. Examples include liposomes, nanoparticles, and polymers.
Targeting moiety: A molecule attached to the carrier that specifically binds to receptors on the target cells or tissues, guiding the delivery system to its designated location. Antibodies, peptides, and aptamers are commonly used targeting moieties.
Mechanisms:
Passive targeting: Utilizes the natural properties of the carrier or targeting moiety to accumulate in the target area due to factors like size, charge, or permeability.
Active targeting: Employs specific interactions between the targeting moiety and receptors on the target cells, ensuring precise delivery.
Types of TDDS:
Liposomal drug delivery: Liposomes are microscopic bubbles made of phospholipids that can encapsulate drugs and deliver them to specific cells.
Polymeric nanoparticles: Nanoparticles made of biodegradable polymers can be designed to release drugs in a controlled manner at the target site.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs): Antibodies are linked to cytotoxic drugs, allowing them to specifically target and kill cancer cells.
Aptamer-based drug delivery: Aptamers are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that can bind to specific targets with high affinity, guiding drug delivery.
Benefits of TDDS:
Improved treatment outcomes
Reduced side effects
Enhanced patient compliance
Personalized medicine options
Challenges of TDDS:
Complex design and development
Regulatory hurdles
Higher costs compared to traditional drugs
Future of TDDS:
Research in TDDS is rapidly advancing, with new technologies and targeting strategies emerging constantly. The future holds promise for even more precise and effective drug delivery systems, revolutionizing the treatment of various diseases.
Brief description of targeted drug delivery system, along with its concept and strategies for drug targeting. Advantages and disadvantages of drug targeting
Need for drug targeting.
‘Targeted drug delivery system is a special form of drug delivery system where the medicament is selectively targeted or delivered only to its site of action or absorption and not to the non-target organs or tissues or cells.’
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
drug targetting types and processes
1. A Presentation on:
CONCEPTS,EVENTS AND
BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES
INVOLVED IN DRUG
TARGETTING Presented by-
SWASTIK JYOTI PAL
M.Pharm 2nd sem
Roll.no-01
Bengal School of Technology
Hooghly
2. WHY DRUG TARGETTING IS
NEEDED?
1.Pharmaceutical factors
• Drug instability in conventional dosage form
• Low Solubility
2.Biopharmaceutical factors
• Low absorption
• High-membrane bounding
• Biological instability
3.Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic
factors
• Short half-life
• Large volume of distribution
• Low specificity
4.Clinical factors
• Low therapeutic index.
5.Reaching difficult organs
* brain, retina, tumours
6.Intracellular drug delivery
* oligonucleotides,
intracellular proteins, genes
7.Prolonging drug response
* drug retention and release
are prolonged
(e.g. retina)
3. DRUG TARGETTING-concepts
Drug Targetting is selective and effective localization of the
pharmacologically-active moiety at preidentified target(s) in
therapeutic concentration, while restricting its access to non-
target(s) normal cellular linings, thus minimizing toxic effects and
maximizing the therapeutic index.
The drug may thus be delivered:
1. To the capillary bed of the active sites,
2. To the specific type of cell (or) even an intracellular region.
Ex- tumour cells but not to normal cells,
3. To a specific organ (or) tissues by complexing with the carrier
that recognizes the target
4. The controlled and localized delivery of drugs and the
specific binding with the target receptors are specific
features of drug targeting.
This leads to high drug concentration with higher
efficacy.
The lower concentration at nontarget tissue lowers the
incidence of adverse effects and also decrease the dose.
Chemotherapy of cancer is the most glaring example
where drug targeting is highly desirable.
5. PROPERTIES OF IDEAL TARGETTTED DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEM-
1. Nontoxic, biocompatible and physicochemical stable in vivo and
invitro.
2. Restrict drug distribution to target cells or tissue or organ or
should have uniform capillary distribution.
3. Controllable and predictable rate of drug release.
4. Minimal drug leakage during transit.
5. Carrier used must be biodegradable or readily eliminated from
the body without any problem.
6. Its preparation should be easy or reasonably simple, reproductive
and cost effective.
6. TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM:
DRUG NANOCRYSTALS
LIPID BASED SYSTEMS
* micelles
* liposomes
* hexosomesand cubosomes
* solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions
* lipid complexes
POLYMER BASED SYSTEMS
* polymeric nanoparticles
* polymeric micelles
* polymeric conjugates
* dendrimers
* polymersomes
* polymer complexes
INORGANIC MATERIALS
* silicon, silica
* metals
* carbon nanotubes
MICROVESICLES
ANTIBODIES
7. COMPONENTS OF DRUG TARGETTING:
• Specific organ or a cell or group
of cells,which in chronic or acute
condition needtreatment.
Target
• Special molecules or system
essentially required for effective
transportation of loaded drug up
to the pre selected sites
Carrier
10. Following administration low molar mass drugs can enter into or pass through various cells by
simple diffusion process.
Targeted drug delivery usually have macro molecular assemblies hence cannot enter by such simple
process. Hence take up by a process called ENDOCYTOSIS
Steps involved :
Internalization of the plasma membrane
Concomitant with engulfment of extracellular material
Compared with phagocytosis pinocytosis is a universal phenomenon in all the cells pinocytosis
does not require any external stimulus
Pinocytosis is divided into two types:
Fluid phases pinocytosis
Adsorptive pinocytosis
Compared with phagocytosis fluid phase pinocytic capture of molecules is relatively slower being
directly proportional to the concentration and size dependant
CELLULAR UPTAKE AND PROCESSING-
11. The oral buccal nasal vaginal and rectal cavities are internally lined with one or
more layers of epithelial cells
Depending on the position and function in the body epithelial cells can be varied
forms
Three layer physiology:
Epithelial, Lamia propria ,Basal lamina
Low molar mass drugs cross the above by passive difussion carrier mediated
systems and selective and non-selective endocytosis
The polar materials diffuse through tight junctions of epithelial cells
Passive transport is usually higher in damaged mucosa where as active
transportdepends on structural integrity of epithelial cells
Positively charged particles showed increased uptake than negatively charged
counterparts.
Absoption of drugs from buccal via transcellular and paracellular later being
dominant.
TRANSPORT ACROSS EPITHELIAL BARRIER-
12. Many diseases result from the dysfunction of cells located outside the cardiovascular system thus for a
drug to exert its therapeutic effects it must exit from the central circulation this process of trans vascular
exchange is called Extravasation which is governed by blood capillary walls.
Factors that control permeability of capillaries
• Structure of the capillary wall
• Pathological condition
• Rate of blood and lymph supply
• Physicochemical factors of drug
The structure of the blood capillary varies in different organs tissues.It consists of a single layer of
endothelia cells joined together by intercellular juctions.
The endothelium of brain is the strongest of all endothelia formed by continuous nonfenestrated
endothelial cells which show no pinocytic activity
Soluble macromolecules permeate the endothelial barrier more readily than particulate macromolecules
the rate of movement of fluid across the endothelium appears to be directly related to the difference
between the hydrostatic and osmotic forces.
EXTRAVASATION-
13. Following extravasation drug molecules can either reabsorb into the blood stream
directly or enter into the lymphatic system and return with the lymph to the blood
circulation
Also drugs administered by subcutaneous intracellular transdermal peritoneal routes
can reach the systemic circulation by lymphatic system
Factors know to influence the clearance of drugs from interstitial sites
1. Route of administration
2. Size and surface characteristics of particles
3. Formulation medium
4. The composition and
5. pH of the interstitial fluid and
6. Disease within the interstitium
The direct delivery of drugs into lymphatics has been proposed as a potential
approach to kill malignant lymphoid cells located in lymph nodes.
LYMPHATIC UPTAKE-
14. Targeted drug delivery essentially implies for selective and effective
localization of the pharmacologically-active moiety at preidentified
target(s) in therapeutic concentration,
Various strategies such as active targeting, passive targeting etc. can
be applied to achieve efficient drug targeting.
The targeted delivery is of great importance in cancer chemotherapy
which always demands for reduction in adverse effect.
CONCLUSION-
15. 1. Muller, R; Keck, C (2004). "Challenges and solutions for the delivery
of biotech drugs – a review of drug nanocrystal technology and lipid
nanoparticles". Journal of Biotechnology 113 (1–3): 151–170.
doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.06.007
2. Introduction to novel drug delivery systems(2nd edition)-N.K Jain
,Vallabh prakashan , New Delhi,Pg-16-34
3. https://www.slideshare.net/vishnudatta/targeted-drug-delivery-systems
4. http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/atitpandey-1737739-
biological-process-events-drug-targeting/
5. https://courses.helsinki.fi/sites/default/files/course-
material/4523810/BJK%20nano%20241017.pdf
REFERENCES-