Paracetamol is used for mild pain or fever. It works by blocking pain impulses and inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. The dosage is 250/5ml every 4 hours for children, with a maximum of 5 doses in 24 hours. Nurses should advise not using it for marked or prolonged fever without a prescriber's direction. Cefuroxime is a second-generation cephalosporin used for respiratory, urinary, and skin infections. It works by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. The dosage is 500mg every 8 hours. It is contraindicated in those with hypersensitivity to it or other cephalosporins, and should be used cautiously in those with penicillin aller

1. XVI. Drug Study
NAME OF
MACHANISM OF
DOSAGE
INDICATIONS
CONTRA-
ADVERSE
NURSING ALERT
THE DRUG
Generic
ACTION
Thought to
Dosage:
Mild pain or
INDICATIONS
-Contra-
REACTION
-Hematologic:
-Use liquid form for children
Name:
produce
250/5ml
fever
indicated in
Hemolytic
and patients who difficulty
Paracetamol
analgesia by
patient
Anemia,
of swallowing.
blocking pain
Frequency:
hypersensitivity Leukopenia,
-In children don’t exceed
Brand
impulses by
q4h
to drug.
five (5) doses in 24h.
Name:
inhibiting
Tempra
synthesis of
Classification:
in patients with
-Hepatic:
only for short-term use;
prostaglandin in
Non opioids
long-term
Jaundice
urge them to consult
the CNS or of
analgesics and
alcohol use of
other substances
antipyretics
alcohol
-Metabolic:
children for longer than 5
that sensitize pain
because
hypoglycemia
days or adults for longer
receptors to
therapeutic
stimulation. The
doses cause
-Skin: rash,
-Tell parents/patient not to
drug may relieve
hepatotoxicity
urticaria
use for marked fever (temp
fever through
in these
higher than 103.1F or
central action in
patients.
39.5C), fever persisting
Neutropenia,
-Use cautiously
-Advise parents that drug is
prescriber if giving to
than 10 days.
the hypothalamic
longer than 3 days, or
heat-regulating
recurrent fever unless
center.
directed by prescriber.
24

2. NAME OF
MECHANISM
DOSAGE
INDICATIONS
CONTRA-
ADVERSE
NURSING ALERT

3. THE DRUG
OF ACTION
INDICATIONS
REACTION
Generic
Second-
Dosage:
-Serious lower
-Contraindicated
-GI: diarrhea,
-Before giving drug,
Name:
generation
500mg
respiratory tract
in patient with
nausea,
ask patient/parents if
Cefuroxime
cephalosporin
infection, UTI,
hypersensitivity to
anorexia,
he is allergic to
Sodium
that inhibits
Frequency:
skin structure
drug or other
vomiting
penicillins or
cell- wall
q8h
infections
cephalosporin.
-Hematologic:
cephalosporin.
-Use cautiously in
hemolytic
-Obtain specimen for
Brand
synthesis,
Name:
promoting
Classification:
patient
anemia,
C/S test before giving
Zinacef
osmotic
Second
hypersensitivity to
thrombocytopeni
first dose.
instability,
generation
penicillin because
a, eosinophilia
-Tablets may be
usually
Cephalosporin
of possibility of
-Skin:
crushed, if absolutely
cross sensitivity
maculopapular
necessary, for patient
with other beta-
and
who can’t swallow
lactam antibiotics.
erythematous
tablets. Tablets can be
.
rashes, urticarial,
dissolved in juices,
pain,
chocolate or milk,
temperature
however, the drug has
elevation,
a bitter taste that is
anaphylaxis,
difficult to mask, even
hypersensitivity
with food.
reaction
-Don’t confuse drug
bactericidal.
25
with other
cephalosporins that

4. sound alike.
-Tell patient to take
drug as prescribed,
even after he feels
better.
-Instruct patient to take
oral form with food.
-Instruct patient to
notify prescriber about
rash, loose stool,
diarrhea or evidence of
superinfection.

5. Contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to drug or other cephalosporin.
-Use cautiously in patient hypersensitivity to penicillin because of possibility of cross sensitivity with other beta- lactam
antibiotics.
.
-CV: phlebitis, thrombophlebitis
-GI: diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, vomiting
-Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia
-Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes, urticarial, pain, sterile abcesses, temperature elevation, anaphylaxis,
hypersensitivity reaction
-Before giving drug, ask patient/parents if he is allergic to penicillins or cephalosporin.
-Obtain specimen for C/S test before giving first dose.
-For IM use, inject deep into a large muscle, such as gluteus maximus or the side of the thigh.
-Absorption of oral drug is enhanced by food.
-Tablets may be crushed, if absolutely necessary, for patient who can’t swallow tablets. Tablets can be dissolved in juices,
chocolate or milk, however, the drug has a bitter taste that is difficult to mask, even with food.
-Don’t confuse drug with other cephalosporins that sound alike.
-Tell patient to take drug as prescribed, even after he feels better.
-Instruct patient to take oral form with food.
-Instruct patient to notify prescriber about rash, loose stool, diarrhea or evidence of superinfection.
26

6. Contraindicated in patient with hypersensitivity to drug or other cephalosporin.
-Use cautiously in patient hypersensitivity to penicillin because of possibility of cross sensitivity with other beta- lactam
antibiotics.
.
-CV: phlebitis, thrombophlebitis
-GI: diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, vomiting
-Hematologic: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia
-Skin: maculopapular and erythematous rashes, urticarial, pain, sterile abcesses, temperature elevation, anaphylaxis,
hypersensitivity reaction
-Before giving drug, ask patient/parents if he is allergic to penicillins or cephalosporin.
-Obtain specimen for C/S test before giving first dose.
-For IM use, inject deep into a large muscle, such as gluteus maximus or the side of the thigh.
-Absorption of oral drug is enhanced by food.
-Tablets may be crushed, if absolutely necessary, for patient who can’t swallow tablets. Tablets can be dissolved in juices,
chocolate or milk, however, the drug has a bitter taste that is difficult to mask, even with food.
-Don’t confuse drug with other cephalosporins that sound alike.
-Tell patient to take drug as prescribed, even after he feels better.
-Instruct patient to take oral form with food.
-Instruct patient to notify prescriber about rash, loose stool, diarrhea or evidence of superinfection.
26