Drip irrigation benefits
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The document compares the yields, water usage, and savings of various crops under surface irrigation and drip irrigation. It found that drip irrigation consistently increased yields by 30-100% while reducing water usage by 30-60% across all crops studied. Some key advantages of drip irrigation listed are increased yields and profits, water savings, fewer weeds and pests, suitability for different soil types, and ease of performing other agricultural tasks during irrigation. However, drip irrigation is not suitable for frost protection or cooling crops and cannot irrigate large areas like sprinklers.
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ppt on drip irrigation
Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that slowly delivers water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It allows for highly efficient watering by reducing evaporation, runoff, and over-watering. The key components of a drip irrigation system include a water source, pumping system, distribution pipes, drip tape with emitters, injectors for fertilizers, and filters to prevent clogging. Drip irrigation provides numerous advantages like maximizing crop yields, minimizing water and fertilizer use, reducing labor costs, and preventing soil erosion. It is well-suited for row crops, orchards, vineyards, and other agricultural and landscape applications.
micro irrigation system kvg
Micro-irrigation refers to low-pressure irrigation systems that spray, mist, sprinkle or drip water onto the soil surface near the plant roots. The document discusses the need for micro-irrigation systems to reduce soil salinity and evaporation while providing sufficient water for plant growth. It describes the advantages of micro-irrigation like water savings, weed and disease reduction, and yield improvement. The document also outlines some disadvantages and different types of micro-irrigation systems including drip, sprinkler and fogging systems. It provides details on drip irrigation components and crops that can be grown with drip irrigation.
Introduction to modern irrigation techniques
This document provides an overview of modern irrigation techniques presented by Er. S. V. Tikute. It discusses the problems with traditional irrigation methods and introduces drip and sprinkler irrigation as modern alternatives. It describes the history and development of drip irrigation in India, highlighting its advantages such as water savings and improved crop yields. The document also covers sprinkler irrigation, discussing its history, adaptability, advantages like water savings, and limitations like high initial costs. It examines the scope and status of drip and sprinkler irrigation in India.
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Micro Irrigation Systems
This document discusses micro irrigation systems and their benefits. It provides information on different micro irrigation techniques including drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, microjet irrigation, and subsurface drip irrigation. It highlights that micro irrigation systems allow for precise water and fertilizer application which improves irrigation efficiency and crop yields while reducing water and fertilizer usage. The document also discusses fertigation which involves applying water-soluble fertilizers through micro irrigation systems. Fertigation provides uniform fertilizer application and placement in the root zone, allowing for increased fertilizer use efficiency and more frequent nutrient application tailored to crop needs.
Micro irrigation
This document provides an overview of micro irrigation systems. It defines micro irrigation as applying small quantities of water below or on the soil surface through emitters. The key types are drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, bubbler irrigation, and mist/spray systems. Micro irrigation systems have main components including a control head, distribution pipes, emitters, and a flushing system. Proper design considers factors like soil type, crop needs, and water quality. Micro irrigation can improve water use efficiency but requires maintenance to prevent emitter clogging. Scheduling is based on crop water requirements and soil moisture monitoring.
Drip irrigation waseem ppt
The document discusses drip irrigation. It defines drip irrigation as a method that saves water by slowly dripping it to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, and emitters. The key components of a drip irrigation system are described as the pumping set, filters, mainlines, sub-main lines, laterals, and emitters. Advantages include water savings, promoting plant growth while controlling weeds and pests. Drip irrigation is recommended for fruit, vegetable, and commercial crops.
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This document discusses the concepts, objectives, planning, and measures of watershed management. It defines a watershed as a drainage area that contributes surface water runoff to a common point. The key objectives of watershed management are to conserve and utilize water resources within the watershed for the benefit of local communities through practices like water harvesting, soil conservation, and flood control. Effective watershed management requires assessing hydrological and socioeconomic factors and developing a comprehensive plan that identifies problems, proposed solutions, costs/benefits, and responsibilities of various stakeholders. The plan should aim to balance environmental protection, water management, and land use. Common watershed management measures include both non-structural practices like altered cropping patterns and structural practices like
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ppt on drip irrigation
Drip irrigation is a type of micro-irrigation system that slowly delivers water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It allows for highly efficient watering by reducing evaporation, runoff, and over-watering. The key components of a drip irrigation system include a water source, pumping system, distribution pipes, drip tape with emitters, injectors for fertilizers, and filters to prevent clogging. Drip irrigation provides numerous advantages like maximizing crop yields, minimizing water and fertilizer use, reducing labor costs, and preventing soil erosion. It is well-suited for row crops, orchards, vineyards, and other agricultural and landscape applications.
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Micro-irrigation refers to low-pressure irrigation systems that spray, mist, sprinkle or drip water onto the soil surface near the plant roots. The document discusses the need for micro-irrigation systems to reduce soil salinity and evaporation while providing sufficient water for plant growth. It describes the advantages of micro-irrigation like water savings, weed and disease reduction, and yield improvement. The document also outlines some disadvantages and different types of micro-irrigation systems including drip, sprinkler and fogging systems. It provides details on drip irrigation components and crops that can be grown with drip irrigation.
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This document provides an overview of modern irrigation techniques presented by Er. S. V. Tikute. It discusses the problems with traditional irrigation methods and introduces drip and sprinkler irrigation as modern alternatives. It describes the history and development of drip irrigation in India, highlighting its advantages such as water savings and improved crop yields. The document also covers sprinkler irrigation, discussing its history, adaptability, advantages like water savings, and limitations like high initial costs. It examines the scope and status of drip and sprinkler irrigation in India.
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This document discusses various irrigation methods, including uncontrolled surface flooding, controlled flooding using check basins or ring basins, border strip method, deep furrow method, traditional methods like levees and canals, drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation using micro sprays or micro jets, and rain guns. It compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and discusses their suitability based on factors like crop type, soil type, water availability, and farming practices.
Micro Irrigation Systems
This document discusses micro irrigation systems and their benefits. It provides information on different micro irrigation techniques including drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, microjet irrigation, and subsurface drip irrigation. It highlights that micro irrigation systems allow for precise water and fertilizer application which improves irrigation efficiency and crop yields while reducing water and fertilizer usage. The document also discusses fertigation which involves applying water-soluble fertilizers through micro irrigation systems. Fertigation provides uniform fertilizer application and placement in the root zone, allowing for increased fertilizer use efficiency and more frequent nutrient application tailored to crop needs.
Micro irrigation
This document provides an overview of micro irrigation systems. It defines micro irrigation as applying small quantities of water below or on the soil surface through emitters. The key types are drip irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation, bubbler irrigation, and mist/spray systems. Micro irrigation systems have main components including a control head, distribution pipes, emitters, and a flushing system. Proper design considers factors like soil type, crop needs, and water quality. Micro irrigation can improve water use efficiency but requires maintenance to prevent emitter clogging. Scheduling is based on crop water requirements and soil moisture monitoring.
Drip irrigation waseem ppt
The document discusses drip irrigation. It defines drip irrigation as a method that saves water by slowly dripping it to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, and emitters. The key components of a drip irrigation system are described as the pumping set, filters, mainlines, sub-main lines, laterals, and emitters. Advantages include water savings, promoting plant growth while controlling weeds and pests. Drip irrigation is recommended for fruit, vegetable, and commercial crops.
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This document discusses the concepts, objectives, planning, and measures of watershed management. It defines a watershed as a drainage area that contributes surface water runoff to a common point. The key objectives of watershed management are to conserve and utilize water resources within the watershed for the benefit of local communities through practices like water harvesting, soil conservation, and flood control. Effective watershed management requires assessing hydrological and socioeconomic factors and developing a comprehensive plan that identifies problems, proposed solutions, costs/benefits, and responsibilities of various stakeholders. The plan should aim to balance environmental protection, water management, and land use. Common watershed management measures include both non-structural practices like altered cropping patterns and structural practices like
DRIP IRRIGATION
This document provides an overview of drip irrigation systems. It discusses the key components of drip irrigation systems including pumps, filtration systems, main lines, submain lines, laterals, and emitters. It also describes different types of drip irrigation systems and their suitable field applications. The document outlines the advantages of drip irrigation in reducing water and fertilizer use and the disadvantages related to initial costs and maintenance. Sample cost analyses are also included to demonstrate the economics of establishing drip irrigation for grape vineyards.
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This document discusses various soil and moisture conservation techniques, which are divided into agronomic and engineering measures. Agronomic measures include conservation tillage, deep tillage, contour farming, strip cropping, mulching, and growing cover crops. These are used where land slopes are less than 2%. Engineering measures include bunding, terracing, trenching, and subsoiling, which are constructed barriers used on slopes greater than 2% to retain runoff. Broad bed furrows are also discussed as a technique using beds and furrows to store moisture and drain excess water.
Soil conservation
This document discusses soil conservation methods. It describes soil conservation as a combination of management practices that protect soil from depletion caused by nature or humans. It outlines agronomic and mechanical measures for soil conservation. Agronomic measures for slopes less than 2% include contour cultivation, conservation tillage, mulching, cropping systems, and strip cropping. Mechanical measures for slopes greater than 2% include bunding, bench terracing, trenching, wind breaks, and shelter belts. The document emphasizes the importance of grasses and pastures in soil conservation through improving soil structure and organic matter.
Terraces:Soil Water Conservation structure
This document discusses different types and methods of terrace construction. It describes how terraces are classified based on their alignment, cross-section, grade, and outlets. Terraces help reduce soil erosion by interrupting the flow of surface runoff water down slopes. The key aspects of terrace design include specifying the proper spacing, designing stable channels, and developing farmable cross-sections. Construction requires machinery like bulldozers and consideration of soil and weather conditions.
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Mechanical practices of soil conservation
The mechanical soil conservation practices aim to reduce runoff velocity, retain water in soil, and prevent erosion. These include making basins to collect and retain rainwater, breaking hard clay pans to improve drainage, subsoiling to promote water absorption, contour terracing to retain water and check erosion, contour trenching with pits across slopes, terrace outlets to safely remove excess water, gully control, and stream bank protection. Terracing is an expensive but important method, especially on steep land, involving constructing leveled areas at right angles to slopes. Factors like slope length and steepness, soil type, and precipitation determine terracing feasibility.
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This document provides an overview and guide to nutrient management for rice production. It discusses key concepts like balanced fertilizer use, fertilizer-use efficiencies, and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). The guide outlines a 5-step process for developing fertilizer recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium based on yield targets and soil analyses. It also covers managing organic amendments and evaluating dissemination strategies. Finally, the document describes common mineral deficiencies and toxicities in rice, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sulfur, silicon, magnesium, calcium, iron and manganese deficiencies.
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This document discusses different types of salt-affected soils, including saline soils, sodic soils, and saline-sodic soils. It describes the properties of each soil type and methods for reclamation. Sodic soils have a high sodium content which reduces water intake, while saline soils contain water-soluble salts like chlorides and sulfates. Reclamation of saline soils involves leaching salts from the root zone through irrigation and drainage. Reclamation of sodic soils requires adding calcium amendments like gypsum to replace sodium on clay surfaces and improve soil structure and permeability. Proper drainage is also needed to manage salt levels in both soil types.
check basin , furrow and border strip method
This document discusses three types of surface irrigation methods: border strip irrigation, check basin irrigation, and furrow irrigation. For each method, it describes what it is, when it is used, and key design aspects. Border strip irrigation uses long, graded strips separated by bunds to guide water down a field. Check basin irrigation uses rectangular plots surrounded by levees to pond water for crops that require submergence. Furrow irrigation uses small channels between ridges to irrigate row crops. The document provides details on layout, sizing, construction, and maintenance considerations for each method.
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Drip irrigation and fertigation
Micro irrigation, also known as drip irrigation, provides water directly to plant roots through a network of pipes and emitters. It reduces water usage by up to 60% compared to other irrigation methods and increases crop yields by 20-50%. The document discusses the history and development of drip irrigation in India and around the world. It provides details on drip irrigation system components and how to calculate water requirements. Benefits include water savings, higher yields, and less disease/weeds. Challenges include the need for clean water and proper maintenance to prevent clogging. Drip irrigation is well-suited for orchards, farms, greenhouses, and polyhouses.
Presentation watershed
This document provides an overview of watershed management and development. It defines a watershed and explains their importance for sustaining life. Watershed management aims to manipulate natural, agricultural, and human resources within a watershed to provide desired resources suitably. The objectives are to protect and improve land and water resources. Key perspectives include hydrological, environmental, socio-economic, financial, and administrative aspects. Approaches involve people's participation and a hierarchical organizational structure. Geological aspects that influence watersheds like soil, water, natural hazards are also described.
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This document provides an overview of drip irrigation systems. It discusses the key components of drip irrigation systems including pumps, filtration systems, main lines, submain lines, laterals, and emitters. It also describes different types of drip irrigation systems and their suitable field applications. The document outlines the advantages of drip irrigation in reducing water and fertilizer use and the disadvantages related to initial costs and maintenance. Sample cost analyses are also included to demonstrate the economics of establishing drip irrigation for grape vineyards.
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This document discusses soil conservation methods. It describes soil conservation as a combination of management practices that protect soil from depletion caused by nature or humans. It outlines agronomic and mechanical measures for soil conservation. Agronomic measures for slopes less than 2% include contour cultivation, conservation tillage, mulching, cropping systems, and strip cropping. Mechanical measures for slopes greater than 2% include bunding, bench terracing, trenching, wind breaks, and shelter belts. The document emphasizes the importance of grasses and pastures in soil conservation through improving soil structure and organic matter.
Terraces:Soil Water Conservation structure
This document discusses different types and methods of terrace construction. It describes how terraces are classified based on their alignment, cross-section, grade, and outlets. Terraces help reduce soil erosion by interrupting the flow of surface runoff water down slopes. The key aspects of terrace design include specifying the proper spacing, designing stable channels, and developing farmable cross-sections. Construction requires machinery like bulldozers and consideration of soil and weather conditions.
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This document provides an overview and guide to nutrient management for rice production. It discusses key concepts like balanced fertilizer use, fertilizer-use efficiencies, and site-specific nutrient management (SSNM). The guide outlines a 5-step process for developing fertilizer recommendations for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium based on yield targets and soil analyses. It also covers managing organic amendments and evaluating dissemination strategies. Finally, the document describes common mineral deficiencies and toxicities in rice, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sulfur, silicon, magnesium, calcium, iron and manganese deficiencies.
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This document discusses different types of salt-affected soils, including saline soils, sodic soils, and saline-sodic soils. It describes the properties of each soil type and methods for reclamation. Sodic soils have a high sodium content which reduces water intake, while saline soils contain water-soluble salts like chlorides and sulfates. Reclamation of saline soils involves leaching salts from the root zone through irrigation and drainage. Reclamation of sodic soils requires adding calcium amendments like gypsum to replace sodium on clay surfaces and improve soil structure and permeability. Proper drainage is also needed to manage salt levels in both soil types.
check basin , furrow and border strip method
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This document provides information on irrigation, weed, nutrient, pest, and disease management for nursery plants. It discusses best practices for irrigation such as using sprinklers instead of flood irrigation. Weed management includes timely weeding and using decomposed organic matter instead of fresh compost. Nutrient management involves using organic fertilizers like compost and manures. Common pests like aphids, caterpillars, and diseases like damping off and powdery mildew are described along with symptoms and organic control methods.
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Aeroponics opportunities and threats
Aeroponics is the process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium (known as geoponics). The word "aeroponic" is derived from the Greek meanings of aer (air) and ponos (labour).
Aeroponic culture differs from both conventional hydroponics, aquaponics, and in-vitro (plant tissue culture) growing. Unlike hydroponics, which uses a liquid nutrient solution as a growing medium and essential minerals to sustain plant growth; or aquaponics which uses water and fish waste, aeroponics is conducted without a growing medium. It is sometimes considered a type of hydroponics, since water is used in aeroponics to transmit nutrients.
TERMINOLOGY
Aeroponic growing refers to plants grown in an air culture that can develop and grow in a normal and natural manner.
Aeroponic growth refers to growth achieved in an air culture.
Aeroponic system refers to hardware and system components assembled to sustain plants in an air culture.
Aeroponic greenhouse refers to a climate controlled glass or plastic structure with equipment to grow plants in air/mistenvironment.
Aeroponic conditions refers to air culture environmental parameters for sustaining plant growth for a plant species.
Aeroponic roots refers to a root system grown in an air culture.
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This document discusses water and nutrient management practices for safflower cultivation. It provides details on:
1) Safflower has high nutritional value and various industrial uses. It is drought tolerant but benefits from irrigation, especially at flowering and seed filling stages.
2) Nutrient requirements can be met through fertilizer application and FYM. Nitrogen application should be split for irrigated crops.
3) Irrigation scheduling depends on soil type but generally 2-3 heavy irrigations are recommended, with the first presowing. Limited irrigation at different growth stages can reduce yields.
4) Field trials show optimal water and nutrient management can increase safflower yields and oil content significantly compared to
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ASPECTS UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE SITUATION BY MAHENDRA WAIRAGADE
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Global food production now faces greater challenges than ever before due to changing climate, increasing land degradation and decreasing nutrient use efficiency. Nutrient mining is a major cause of low crop yields in parts of the developing world. Especially nitrogen and phosphorus move beyond the bounds of the agricultural field due to inappropriate management practices as well as failure to achieve good congruence between nutrient supply and crop nutrient demand (Pandian et al. 2014). Climate changes raised a serious issue of soil health maintenance for future generations. Rise in temperature and unprecedented changes in precipitation pattern lead to soil degradation by the erosion of top fertile soil, loss of carbon, nitrogen and increasing area under saline, sodic and acid soils. The climate is one of the key elements impacting several cycles connected to soil and plant systems, as well as plant production, soil quality and environmental quality. Due to heightened human activity, the rate of CO2 is rising in the atmosphere. Changing climatic conditions (such as temperature, CO2 and precipitation) influence plant nutrition in a range of ways, comprising mineralization, decomposition, leaching and losing nutrients in the soil. In order to meet the food demand of the growing population, global food production must be increased substantially over the next several decades. Sustainable intensification of agriculture, based on proven technologies, can increase food production on existing land resources. Therefore, conservation and organic agriculture, precision farming, recycling of crop residues, crop diversification in soils and ecosystems, integrated nutrient management and balanced use of agricultural inputs are the proven technologies of sustainable intensification in agriculture. More importantly, among the climate smart agricultural practices, the selection of appropriate measures must be soil or site specific for sustaining resource base for future generations. Further, presentation must be initiated to fine-tune the existing climate-smart agriculture to suit different nutrient management practices.Significance of Hydrogel in Agriculture.pptx
Hydrogels can be defined as systems comprising of three-dimensional, physically or chemically bonded polymer networks entrapping water in intermolecular space (Ahmed, 2015)
Features
They are Colourless, odourless, and non-toxic material.
The high water absorption capacity.
They perform very well even at high temperature.
Improves the physical condition of soil.
pH-neutrality after swelling in water
Photo stable.
Re-wetting capability
Types
Soluble hydrogel
Completely dissolves in water
Insoluble Hydrogel
Does not dissolves in water but forms a gel when water is added in it. Marketed as superabsorbent gels.
In Agriculture
Agricultural hydrogels are referred as water retention granules.
Also known as Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)
These polymers are cross linked in structure and form a three dimensional network.
Absorb 500 – 600 times their weight.
No adverse effect of soil fertility with hydrogels
Soil conditioners, planting and transplanting gels, seed coatings for controlled germination, soil aerators.
RAWE PPT
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Use drip irrigation in vegetables
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- 1. ADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION INCREASED YIELD EARLY MATURITY WATER SAVING FERTILIZER SAVING INCREASED FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY BY CROP ENERGY SAVING LABOUR SAVING MARGINAL LAND & UNDULATED LAND CAN BE IRRIGATED USE OF SALINE WATER IS POSSIBLE FOR IRRIGATION REDUCED WEED GROWTH LESS PROBLEM OF DISEASE AND PEST MAKES INTERCULTURE OPERATIONS EASY
- 3. CROP YIELD (kg/acre) Surface Drip % more WATER USE (m3/acre) Surface Drip Tomato 9808 25050 155.4 1901 1007 Capsicum 5340 8900 66.6 2041 1161 Bhendi 3144 7187 128.5 1683 1043 Brinjal 5044 8569 69.9 2483 1488 Beans 2255 4100 81.8 1776 1120 Babycorn 2292 3952 72.4 1462 820 Gherkins 9720 19500 100.6 1343 856 Carrots 5460 10500 92.3 1965 1301 6840 10960 60.2 1562 1040 8550 18750 119.2 1504 1016 Cauliflower Cabbage % saving 47.0 43.1 38.0 40.0 36.9 43.9 36.2 33.8 33.4 32.4
- 4. CROP YIELD (kg/acre) Surface Drip % more WATER USE (m3/acre) Surface Drip % saving Cucumber 6200 9000 45.1 1544 960 37.8 bittergourd 7981 13301 66.6 3040 1320 56.5 Bottlegourd 15200 22320 46.8 3360 2160 35.7 G.pepper --- 12500 --- 1220 Ashgourd 4320 3360 2960 Broccoli Beetroot Radish 4800 --11.1 --11.9
- 5. CROP YIELD (kg/acre) Surface Banana 23000 Grapes 8000 Pomegranate Drip % more Surface Drip % saving 52.1 7040 3880 44.8 12000 50.0 3520 2320 34.0 6050 11700 94.5 3920 2196 43.9 Sweetlime 4000 6000 50.0 6640 2560 61.4 Mango 3000 5400 80.0 5100 3324 34.8 Papaya 5200 9200 76.9 9120 2920 68.0 Watermelon 9610 15500 61.3 1680 1000 40.5 Ber/tree 13.7 18.0 31.3 15.4 12.5 18.8 Kinnow 2720 3920 44.1 884 692 21.7 160 220 37.5 6.4 5.2 18.7 40000 60000 50.0 6640 2560 61.4 Guava/tree Mosambi* * Numbers 35000 WATER USE (m3/acre)
- 6. CROP Sugarcane Cotton YIELD (kg/acre) Surface Drip 30000 70000 % more WATER USE (m3/acre) Surface Drip % saving 133.3 9800 4960 49.3 904 1700 88.0 3600 1680 46.6 14625 22500 53.8 2080 1120 46.1 Potato 6060 10880 79.5 2400 1100 54.1 Chillies 912 1520 66.6 1708 980 42.6 Grain corn 800 1400 75.0 2304 1500 34.9 Pop corn 1700 2600 52.9 2200 1208 45.1 Groundnut 1692 2436 43.9 2620 1680 35.9 Chickpea 1254 2200 75.4 1808 1048 42.0 Onion
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- 8. DRIP IRRIGATION Drip Irrigation can not be used for frost protection or for cooling during period of hot weather like sprinkler irrigation. Like sprinkler irrigation, Drip Irrigation can not be used or suitable for supplemental irrigation of large areas. In dry , windy regions, Drip Irrigation of young tree plants in “light” soils encourages soil erosion due to the very limited wetted area. Strong winds also presents problems of anchorage.