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Chapter 13
The Greeks to the Rise
of Christianity
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Birth of Tragedy
 Dithyramb
 Dionysus
 Thespis
 Choregos
 Theatre of Dionysus
 Orchestra
 Theatron
 Skene
William Missouri Downs
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Before Acts and Intermissions
 Performances included:
 Prologue
 Parodos
 Episode
 Stasimon
 Exodos
 Characters included:
 Protagonist
 Deuteragonist
 Tritagonist
 Chorus
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
From Hubris to Catharsis
 Tragedy – from “tragoīdia” meaning “goat song”
 Catharsis
 Tragic hero
 Hamartia/Hubris
 Peripeteia
 Anagnorisis
 Theatre Scenography
 Periakto
 Mechane
 Ekkyklema
 Deus ex machina
ArenaPal/TheImageWorks
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Tragic Trilogies and Satyr Plays
 Oresteia by Aeschylus is
the only extant trilogy
 Agamemnon
 The Libation Bearers
 The Eumenides
 Satyrs were short, comic
plays that burlesqued
myths and characters
from the tragedies
 The word “satire” has its
origin in satyr plays
Actors mosaic, House of the Tragic Poet, Naples National Archaeological
Museum, Naples, Italy.
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Playwrights of the Golden Age
(Slide 1 of 2)
 Aeschylus (ca. 525-456 BCE)
 Father of tragedy
 The most “theatrical” of the tragic playwrights
 His plays concern spiritual and moral issues
 Sophocles (ca. 496-406 BCE)
 Plays concentrated on a few critical moments within a
character’s life, often trapped by fate
 Plays were known for their complex characterization,
harmonious lyrics, and effective dialogue
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Playwrights of the Golden Age
(Slide 2 of 2)
 Euripides (ca. 480-406 BCE)
 A playwright who was never afraid to speak his mind,
for he filled his plays with stinging indictments against
war and the savagery of Athenian warriors
RichardTerminePhotography
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Greek Comedies
 Old Comedy (before the end of the
Peloponnesian War)
 Aristophanes (ca. 448-380 BCE)
 His plays were stinging attacks on Greek society
 Lysistrata (411 BCE)
 New Comedy (after the Peloponnesian War)
 Menander (342-292 BCE)
 His plays included safe themes and mundane subject matter.
 The Curmudgeon
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Aristotle and Alexander
(Slide 1 of 2)
 Aristotle (384-322 BCE)
 Poetics – The most important book from the classical
period on dramaturgy. It sets out the six elements of
play construction, which are:
 Plot
 Character
 Thought
 Diction
 Song
 Spectacle
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Aristotle and Alexander
(Slide 2 of 2)
 Alexander the Great
(356-323 BCE)
 Library of Alexandria was
one of the first
universities
 So vast was this library
that it had entire wings
devoted to poetry,
astronomy, mathematics,
and theatre
WilliamMissouriDowns
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Roman Spectacles
 “The Las Vegas of Ancient Times”
 Bread and circus
 Circus Maximus
 Coliseum
 Theatres designed around audience comfort
 Audiences would leave if they were bored, so theatres
tried hard to amuse patrons
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Roman Mimes
 Shows were filled with jugglers, acrobats, comic
skits, buffoonery, and plenty of vulgar language,
indecent songs, and nudity
 Performances often involved improvisation and
sexual innuendo, with some troupes going as far
as performing live sex acts on stage
 Emperors like Caligula and Nero took a special
interest in mime performances
 Christians in Rome denounced theatre as
immoral and obscene
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2,000-Year-Old Sitcoms
(Slide 1 of 3)
 Roman playwrights never reached the level of
sophistication achieved by the ancient Greeks
 Most of their plays were translations loosely
based on Greek comedies
 Romans favored comedies over tragedies
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2,000-Year-Old Sitcoms
(Slide 2 of 3)
 Plautus (254-184
BCE)
 Many of his
slapstick, comic
plays later
became the basis for
playwrights like
Shakespeare and
composers like
Sondheim
RobbieJack/Encyclopedia/Corbis
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
2,000-Year-Old Sitcoms
(Slide 3 of 3)
 Livius Andronicus (ca. 284-204 BCE)
 Rome’s “Thespis,” or first playwright
 Terence (ca. 195-159 BCE)
 Black playwright from Africa whose plays were
adaptations of popular stories
 Seneca (ca. 4 BCE – 65 CE)
 Rome’s greatest tragic playwright who wrote from a
Stoic point of view
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The Singing, Acting Emperor
 Seneca taught the future emperor Nero about
theatre; Nero soon fancied himself a talented
poet, singer, and actor.
 He performed extensively while emperor; his
long performances could last several hours.
 He thought of himself as a friend of the
performing arts. Despite his notorious
reputation, he is considered one of the greatest
supporters of art and theatre in Western history.
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Curtain Call
 The Western Roman Empire
fell about four hundred years
after the time of Nero and
Seneca
 As the Christians rose to
power, they attacked the one
institution they found most
obscene: the theatre
UffiziMuseum,Florence,Italy
© 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.

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DRAM 1310 Chapter 13 Greeks to the rise of Christianity

  • 1. Chapter 13 The Greeks to the Rise of Christianity © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 2. The Birth of Tragedy  Dithyramb  Dionysus  Thespis  Choregos  Theatre of Dionysus  Orchestra  Theatron  Skene William Missouri Downs © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 3. Before Acts and Intermissions  Performances included:  Prologue  Parodos  Episode  Stasimon  Exodos  Characters included:  Protagonist  Deuteragonist  Tritagonist  Chorus © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 4. From Hubris to Catharsis  Tragedy – from “tragoīdia” meaning “goat song”  Catharsis  Tragic hero  Hamartia/Hubris  Peripeteia  Anagnorisis  Theatre Scenography  Periakto  Mechane  Ekkyklema  Deus ex machina ArenaPal/TheImageWorks © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 5. Tragic Trilogies and Satyr Plays  Oresteia by Aeschylus is the only extant trilogy  Agamemnon  The Libation Bearers  The Eumenides  Satyrs were short, comic plays that burlesqued myths and characters from the tragedies  The word “satire” has its origin in satyr plays Actors mosaic, House of the Tragic Poet, Naples National Archaeological Museum, Naples, Italy. © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 6. Playwrights of the Golden Age (Slide 1 of 2)  Aeschylus (ca. 525-456 BCE)  Father of tragedy  The most “theatrical” of the tragic playwrights  His plays concern spiritual and moral issues  Sophocles (ca. 496-406 BCE)  Plays concentrated on a few critical moments within a character’s life, often trapped by fate  Plays were known for their complex characterization, harmonious lyrics, and effective dialogue © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 7. Playwrights of the Golden Age (Slide 2 of 2)  Euripides (ca. 480-406 BCE)  A playwright who was never afraid to speak his mind, for he filled his plays with stinging indictments against war and the savagery of Athenian warriors RichardTerminePhotography © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 8. Greek Comedies  Old Comedy (before the end of the Peloponnesian War)  Aristophanes (ca. 448-380 BCE)  His plays were stinging attacks on Greek society  Lysistrata (411 BCE)  New Comedy (after the Peloponnesian War)  Menander (342-292 BCE)  His plays included safe themes and mundane subject matter.  The Curmudgeon © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 9. Aristotle and Alexander (Slide 1 of 2)  Aristotle (384-322 BCE)  Poetics – The most important book from the classical period on dramaturgy. It sets out the six elements of play construction, which are:  Plot  Character  Thought  Diction  Song  Spectacle © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 10. Aristotle and Alexander (Slide 2 of 2)  Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE)  Library of Alexandria was one of the first universities  So vast was this library that it had entire wings devoted to poetry, astronomy, mathematics, and theatre WilliamMissouriDowns © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 11. Roman Spectacles  “The Las Vegas of Ancient Times”  Bread and circus  Circus Maximus  Coliseum  Theatres designed around audience comfort  Audiences would leave if they were bored, so theatres tried hard to amuse patrons © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 12. Roman Mimes  Shows were filled with jugglers, acrobats, comic skits, buffoonery, and plenty of vulgar language, indecent songs, and nudity  Performances often involved improvisation and sexual innuendo, with some troupes going as far as performing live sex acts on stage  Emperors like Caligula and Nero took a special interest in mime performances  Christians in Rome denounced theatre as immoral and obscene © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 13. 2,000-Year-Old Sitcoms (Slide 1 of 3)  Roman playwrights never reached the level of sophistication achieved by the ancient Greeks  Most of their plays were translations loosely based on Greek comedies  Romans favored comedies over tragedies © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 14. 2,000-Year-Old Sitcoms (Slide 2 of 3)  Plautus (254-184 BCE)  Many of his slapstick, comic plays later became the basis for playwrights like Shakespeare and composers like Sondheim RobbieJack/Encyclopedia/Corbis © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 15. 2,000-Year-Old Sitcoms (Slide 3 of 3)  Livius Andronicus (ca. 284-204 BCE)  Rome’s “Thespis,” or first playwright  Terence (ca. 195-159 BCE)  Black playwright from Africa whose plays were adaptations of popular stories  Seneca (ca. 4 BCE – 65 CE)  Rome’s greatest tragic playwright who wrote from a Stoic point of view © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 16. The Singing, Acting Emperor  Seneca taught the future emperor Nero about theatre; Nero soon fancied himself a talented poet, singer, and actor.  He performed extensively while emperor; his long performances could last several hours.  He thought of himself as a friend of the performing arts. Despite his notorious reputation, he is considered one of the greatest supporters of art and theatre in Western history. © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
  • 17. Curtain Call  The Western Roman Empire fell about four hundred years after the time of Nero and Seneca  As the Christians rose to power, they attacked the one institution they found most obscene: the theatre UffiziMuseum,Florence,Italy © 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or, duplicated or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.