Dr Paul Bowyer is the Principle Scientist at the National Aspergillosis Centre. This talk was given to a group of professionals allied to medicine who are attending an education & awareness day at the Centre.
Dr Bowyer summarises our current understanding of the pathogenic processes that lead to an aspergillus infection.
Monomeric allergoid: the new advances of AIT, in only one product. Dr. Enrico...Juan Carlos Ivancevich
XVIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología 2015
Presidente: Alfonso Mario Cepeda Sarabia
Comité Organizador Local: Edgardo Jares, Anahí Yañez, Estrella Asayag
Presidentes Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología, Slaai:
2013-2015: Alfonso Mario Cepeda Sarabia - 2015-2017: Juan Carlos Sisul Alvariza
Buenos Aires, marzo 14-16, 2015 - http://www.slaai2015.com
Monomeric allergoid: the new advances of AIT, in only one product. Dr. Enrico...Juan Carlos Ivancevich
XVIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología 2015
Presidente: Alfonso Mario Cepeda Sarabia
Comité Organizador Local: Edgardo Jares, Anahí Yañez, Estrella Asayag
Presidentes Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología, Slaai:
2013-2015: Alfonso Mario Cepeda Sarabia - 2015-2017: Juan Carlos Sisul Alvariza
Buenos Aires, marzo 14-16, 2015 - http://www.slaai2015.com
Coronaviruses belong to the subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae, in the order Nidovirales. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.
In-vitro Correlates of Heterologous Protection using Avidity and IgG-Subtypin...EuFMD
The 2018 Open Session of the EuFMD Standing Technical Committee was held in Borgo Egnazia - Italy, 29-31 October 2018 . The session theme was on global vaccine security
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.
Dr. Bong Kyun Park - Research View of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea VirusJohn Blue
Research View of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus - Dr. Bong Kyun Park, Professor and Swine Virologist, Veterinary Virology Laboratory, Seoul National University, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
Re-purposing ILRI labs to support national COVID-19 testing in KenyaILRI
Poster prepared by Edward Okoth and Samuel Oyola for the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock Africa 1 regional online meeting, 2-3 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Few of the latest research findings on the novel corona virus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) have been compiled. The basic biology of corona virus, its life cycle and its evolutionary relationship with corona viruses derived from other animals (including bats and pangolin corona viruses) has been depicted highlighting it’s inter species transmission. One of the key pathogenicity and transmissibility determinants (i.e. a furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site in the S protein) unique to SARS-CoV-2 might be responsible for its distinct mechanism to promote its entry into host cells. The last slide leaves the readers with basic research questions pertaining to the genetic divergence and evolution of coronaviruses in bats, its pathogenesis and mechanism of disease transmittance. In these times of crisis due to the outbreak of novel corona virus 2019 in Wuhan and subsequently leading to a pandemic, it is important to understand the basic biology of corona virus and the latest research findings related to its cross species transmission and key pathogenicity determinant that allows the novel corona virus a distinct mechanism to gain entry into the host cells. The structural biology approach to study the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with receptor binding domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is underway and it is hoped that these findings will help in the design of new vaccines candidates targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Superbug infections are resistant to most antibiotics, and are therefore difficult to treat. Symptoms of superbug infections vary by infection type, and should be treated by a physician immediately. This article explores three of the most common superbugs, their symptoms, and explains the precautions you should take to protect yourself from potential infection.
Support meeting for aspergillosis patients with Paul Bowyer, Senior Scientist on recent advances in research on susceptibility to Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Coronaviruses belong to the subfamily of Orthocoronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae, in the order Nidovirales. They are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.
In-vitro Correlates of Heterologous Protection using Avidity and IgG-Subtypin...EuFMD
The 2018 Open Session of the EuFMD Standing Technical Committee was held in Borgo Egnazia - Italy, 29-31 October 2018 . The session theme was on global vaccine security
The European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (EuFMD), one of FAO’s oldest Commissions, came into being on the 12th June 1954, with the pledge of the sixth founding member state to the principles of a coordinated and common action against Foot-and-mouth Disease.
Dr. Bong Kyun Park - Research View of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea VirusJohn Blue
Research View of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus - Dr. Bong Kyun Park, Professor and Swine Virologist, Veterinary Virology Laboratory, Seoul National University, from the 2013 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 14-17, 2013, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2013-leman-swine-conference-material
Re-purposing ILRI labs to support national COVID-19 testing in KenyaILRI
Poster prepared by Edward Okoth and Samuel Oyola for the Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock Africa 1 regional online meeting, 2-3 September 2020. Nairobi, Kenya: ILRI.
Few of the latest research findings on the novel corona virus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) have been compiled. The basic biology of corona virus, its life cycle and its evolutionary relationship with corona viruses derived from other animals (including bats and pangolin corona viruses) has been depicted highlighting it’s inter species transmission. One of the key pathogenicity and transmissibility determinants (i.e. a furin-like S1/S2 cleavage site in the S protein) unique to SARS-CoV-2 might be responsible for its distinct mechanism to promote its entry into host cells. The last slide leaves the readers with basic research questions pertaining to the genetic divergence and evolution of coronaviruses in bats, its pathogenesis and mechanism of disease transmittance. In these times of crisis due to the outbreak of novel corona virus 2019 in Wuhan and subsequently leading to a pandemic, it is important to understand the basic biology of corona virus and the latest research findings related to its cross species transmission and key pathogenicity determinant that allows the novel corona virus a distinct mechanism to gain entry into the host cells. The structural biology approach to study the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with receptor binding domain of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is underway and it is hoped that these findings will help in the design of new vaccines candidates targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Superbug infections are resistant to most antibiotics, and are therefore difficult to treat. Symptoms of superbug infections vary by infection type, and should be treated by a physician immediately. This article explores three of the most common superbugs, their symptoms, and explains the precautions you should take to protect yourself from potential infection.
Support meeting for aspergillosis patients with Paul Bowyer, Senior Scientist on recent advances in research on susceptibility to Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Lean and the Corporate Agenda with Guest Jacob StollerTKMG, Inc.
Recorded Webinar: http://bit.ly/1UBCCUK
Subscribe: http://www.ksmartin.com/subscribe
Why is it that even the most successful lean projects often go unrecognized in the executive suites? The issue may be lack of alignment – the fact that executives don't see a connection between Lean progress and the corporate agenda that they are expected to fulfill.
This webinar will help directors, managers, supervisors, Lean champions, and consultants understand how corporate agendas affect executive attention and decision making, and what this means for Lean projects.
Participants will learn how to cultivate an ear for business developments that concern executives, and to communicate Lean results in a language that will resonate with all senior leaders.
The evidence will be drawn from the author’s new book The Lean CEO (McGraw-Hill), which explains, through in-depth CEO interviews, the circumstances leading to enterprise-wide adoption of lean in 28 organizations.
About the presenter:
Jacob Stoller is a Toronto-based writer and consultant who has helped business leaders tell their stories for the past 15 years. His recent book, The Lean CEO, uses narratives from 28 lean-practicing CEOs to illustrate the true meaning of a lean transformation. A frequent commentator in the business press, Jacob has delivered a variety of learning events in Canada and the US, and authored documents for clients such as Microsoft, Dell Computer, Staples, Pitney Bowes, International Data Corporation (IDC), CMA Canada, and the Conference Board of Canada.
For more information about The Lean CEO: http://amzn.to/1AUq19C. Buy a book for yourself and the senior leader you ultimately report to!
Connect with Jacob on Twitter: @JacobStoller and on LInkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jacobstoller
The collaboration of Robinsons Land Corporation with three renowned designers ( Budji Layug + Royal Pineda + Kenneth Cobunpue ) will set the tone for an artist-inspired and aesthetically-ambitious development on a prime property owned by Security Land Corporation. Such collaboration is envisioned to create a masterpiece that will complement the dynamism in Makati and shall be known as the First Designer Residence in the country. Buyers of Signa Designer Residences will have the option to choose the color package of their unit from two Designer Series options.
Danielle Yuill: Giving patients a VOICE project (Patients helping in research at NAC) http://www.uhsm.nhs.uk/racrf/Pages/involved.aspx.
NB this meeting was confidential so audio is not broadcast in the second part of this support meeting.
A discussion to collect ideas and discuss the forthcoming new handout for the purpose of communicating our support with patients who do not use computers
Aspergillosis Support Group Christmas Quiz 2013Graham Atherton
The December meeting of the Aspergillosis Support Group for Patients & Carers is a quiz played for the David MacIntyre Trophy. Questions are based around the information presented in the previous years meeting and other information about aspergillosis. See how you do!
Poet in Residence Caroline Hawkridge talks about our achievements in holding events to raise awareness of fungal infections using poetry written with patients & carers at earlier meetings.
Graham Atherton talked about GAFFI and about how antifungal drugs work to kill fungal infections
Involving Patients (and carers) in research at NWLC & NACGraham Atherton
Danielle Yuill tells us about her project to discover how best to involve patients and carers in research at the North West Lung Centre & National Aspergillosis Centre - amd not just reviewing grant requests and providing tissue samples.
Graham Atherton takes us through some of the many features & structures we can see in a lung x-ray - what does aspergillosis look like??.
Comparing parts of UK & US Healthcare systems, IgG explainedGraham Atherton
NAC consultant Eavan Muldoon introduces herself as our new medic and talks a little about her background, part of which was spent at Tufts Medical Centre, Boston, USA. Then Graham Atherton talks about IgG, what they are and how they work.
Management of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and IgE for the LaypersonGraham Atherton
Professor Denning summarises how we manage CPA at the National Aspergillosis Centre, what we have learned, what we are still learning.
Graham Atherton describes IgE and how it affects Aspergillosis
Julia Hamer, Directorate Manager of Respiratory Medicine at University Hospital South Manchester talks to our patients about the new structure of the NHS and how it effects us.
Graham Atherton talks about health precautions when we are experiencing a heatwave and speaks of a subject suggested by patients: Adverse effects of medications.
Steve Webster of the Manchester Carers Centre, UK talks about the support and services offered by the centre in Manchester and the other centres throughout the UK. Graham Atherton talks about our progress in the understanding of the health effects caused by damp homes, and how to avoid them!
Chronic illness health psychologist Alison Wearden talks about how stress effects our health and our recovery from illness, and specialist physiotherapist Phil Langridge talks about breathlessness and what we can do to control it.
Graham Atherton discusses gardening for those with allergies, the signs of heart disorder to be aware of if you are taking itraconazole and advice on travel.
Dr Mike Bromley talks about the role of Manchester University in the research and development of new antifungal drugs, followed by Dr Iain Page talking about our research projects in Africa that have the potential to reveal much larger numbers of people suffering from Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) than is currently thought.
Creative Writing Projects at the National Aspergillosis CentreGraham Atherton
Caroline is the Writer-in Residence at the National Aspergillosis Centre. We are using creative writing as a means to open up communication between established relationships such as those between clinical professionals and the patient.
Maintaining or Improving your health status in CPA (Khaled Al-shair)Graham Atherton
Khaled summarises why many people do not improve as much as they could while being treated for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, what they can do to help themselves if they are not already doing it.
Dr Libby Radcliffe talks about the aches & pains suffered by aspergillosis patients, the different causes and what can be done to reduce them. Professor Malcolm Richardson talks about the types of moulds we all come across every day and the damage they can cause in the wrong places. Dr Graham Atherton talks about the correct specification for facemasks used to reduce the inhalation of mould spores when carrying out routine daily tasks & hobbies.
Cheryl Pearse, Specialist Nurse in Smoking Cessation at UHSM, Manchester gives the Aspergillosis Patients Meeting a presentation on giving up smoking. July 2012
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
8. The fundamental interconnectedness of all things...
Multiple processes in fungal and human cells interact in complicated ways to cause disease
In order to understand how disease occurs it is necessary to look at the whole elephant
New techniques such as systems biology and high throughput sequencing are now used
to do this.
We are moving away from study of single genes or proteins towards studying all
Simultaneously.
- fungi produce about 10,000 proteins and human cells about 25,000
10. Candida protein networks involved in biofilm formation:
Nobile et al. A Recently Evolved Transcriptional Network Controls Biofilm Development in Candida albicansCell 148:126-138
11. High throughput approaches used to determine global transcription, genetic polymorphisms
and gene function. Systems biology is used to find patterns and networks...
Condition
Transcription factors
Genes of interest
12. The drugs dont work:
How is Aspergillosis treated now??
- does it work??
– will this change??
16. 'New genetics'
Previously:
- look in families or do crosses and
look at the progeny...
Now:
- follow DNA polymorphisms in populations,
• sequence genomes
17. How does the immune system stop fungal disease?
The innate immune response is a complex multicellular process.
Meet the cells....
IMMUNE CELL: ROLE:
DETECTS PATHOGENS,
SNEAKS OFF AND
PROGRAMS THE
IMMUNE RESPONSE
DENDRITIC CELL
18. IMMUNE CELL: ROLE:
STOPS AND APPREHENDS
KNOWN PATHOGENS
MACROPHAGE
IMMUNE CELL: ROLE:
BRUTALLY ATTACKS THINGS
NEUTROPHIL
19. How the immune system stops fungal disease:
MACROPHAGE
EPITHELIUM
DENDRITIC CELL
20. How the immune system stops fungal disease:
WHATS ALL THIS
'ERE THEN?
MACROPHAGE
EPITHELIUM
I SAY CHAPS! DENDRITIC CELL
21. How the immune system stops fungal disease:
OI! NOW THEN
OI!!
MACROPHAGE
OI!!!
EPITHELIUM
DENDRITIC CELL
NEUTROPHILS
23. Individuals with fungal disease have:
Changes in genes that affect macrophage or dendritic cell ability to
percieve the pathogen
Changes in genes that affect the ability of cells to move to the point
of infection
Changes in genes that mediate chemical attack on the fungus
24. In conclusion:
Our knowledge of the disease in various forms is increasing rapidly. The huge burden of
fungal disease worldwide is becoming clear.
Our ability to find genetic changes associated with disease has increased in recent years
In fact a Manchester project will discover all of the variants associated with ABPA
within one year...
We may be able to pinpoint the important variants...
Our knowledge of fungal systems is increasing. More than 50 genome sequences and
transcriptomes have been determined. We are expecting to be able to pinpoint processes
involved in disease.