310 lecture 4
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This document discusses several topics related to international economics including protectionism, trade barriers like tariffs and quotas, international organizations that manage terms of trade like the WTO and IMF, how productivity rather than wages determines where jobs are located, how rich countries protect agriculture which hurts poor countries, and different types of foreign investment like foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment.
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L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
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Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: Introduction
Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: Introduction
310 lecture 4
- 1. International Economics Lecture 4
- 4. Protectionism Trade Barriers Tariffs Quotas Retaliation
- 5. Tariffs
- 7. GATT WTO IMF World Bank UN
- 8. GATT WTO IMF World Bank UN Manage the Terms of Trade
- 11. New York City 1800
- 13. Utopia vs. Reality Reality always loses
- 14. Utopia vs. Reality Reality always loses Compare Realistic Alternatives
- 15. Innovation Trade Specialization
- 16. Adapt not Invent
- 17. Moore’s Law
- 18. Moore’s Law Power doubles Price falls by half every 18 months
- 19. Containerization
- 20. Containerization Move things fast and cheap
- 21. Productivity, not wages, determines where jobs are located
- 22. Productivity, not wages, determines where jobs are located 100 SR Wages = 200 SR Value 10 SR Wages = 15 SR Value
- 23. Productivity, not wages, determines where jobs are located 100 SR Wages = 200 SR Value 10 SR Wages = 15 SR Value Compare Inputs and Outputs
- 25. Rich countries protect agriculture Poor countries suffer
- 27. Foreign Direct Investment Building in other countries
- 28. Foreign Portfolio Investment
- 29. Foreign Portfolio Investment Buying stock in foreign companies
Editor's Notes
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