NAC consultant Eavan Muldoon introduces herself as our new medic and talks a little about her background, part of which was spent at Tufts Medical Centre, Boston, USA. Then Graham Atherton talks about IgG, what they are and how they work.
Management of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and IgE for the LaypersonGraham Atherton
Professor Denning summarises how we manage CPA at the National Aspergillosis Centre, what we have learned, what we are still learning.
Graham Atherton describes IgE and how it affects Aspergillosis
This document discusses the historical perspective, epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology, and immune responses related to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). It notes that ABPA was first described in 1952 and involves an allergic response to the fungus Aspergillus, which commonly involves the lungs. The document outlines the involvement of innate immune responses like TLRs and acquired responses like specific antibodies and T cells. It also examines factors like genetic variants that can influence susceptibility.
Aspergilose broncopulmonar alergica revisão do chest 2009Flávia Salame
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an immunologic pulmonary disorder caused by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus. It clinically presents as chronic asthma, recurrent pulmonary infiltrates, and bronchiectasis. The prevalence of ABPA is believed to be around 1-2% in asthma patients and 2-15% in cystic fibrosis patients. ABPA results from an interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure to A. fumigatus antigens, and immunologic responses that lead to eosinophilic inflammation and tissue damage in the lungs. Diagnosis is based on criteria including asthma, pulmonary opacities, positive skin test or serum IgE levels to
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic pulmonary disorder caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. It occurs most commonly in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. The pathogenesis involves an immune response to Aspergillus colonization in the airways leading to mucus plugging, bronchiectasis, and lung fibrosis. Diagnosis is based on criteria including asthma, positive skin test or serum IgE to Aspergillus, eosinophilia, elevated total serum IgE, and central bronchiectasis on chest imaging. Treatment involves systemic corticosteroids to suppress the immune response along with antifungal agents
Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) by Dr.Tinku JosephDr.Tinku Joseph
HRCT is more sensitive than CXR in detecting bronchiectasis and other pulmonary changes in ABPA. It helps establish the diagnosis and assess disease severity and response to treatment.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease caused by an allergic reaction to the fungus Aspergillus, which commonly infects people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. ABPA involves inflammation and scarring of the airways. It is diagnosed based on criteria including asthma, elevated IgE levels, eosinophilia, and chest imaging findings. Treatment involves use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, along with antifungal medications. Patients also need to avoid exposure to mold spores.
Management of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis and IgE for the LaypersonGraham Atherton
Professor Denning summarises how we manage CPA at the National Aspergillosis Centre, what we have learned, what we are still learning.
Graham Atherton describes IgE and how it affects Aspergillosis
This document discusses the historical perspective, epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology, and immune responses related to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). It notes that ABPA was first described in 1952 and involves an allergic response to the fungus Aspergillus, which commonly involves the lungs. The document outlines the involvement of innate immune responses like TLRs and acquired responses like specific antibodies and T cells. It also examines factors like genetic variants that can influence susceptibility.
Aspergilose broncopulmonar alergica revisão do chest 2009Flávia Salame
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an immunologic pulmonary disorder caused by hypersensitivity to Aspergillus fumigatus. It clinically presents as chronic asthma, recurrent pulmonary infiltrates, and bronchiectasis. The prevalence of ABPA is believed to be around 1-2% in asthma patients and 2-15% in cystic fibrosis patients. ABPA results from an interplay between genetic susceptibility, environmental exposure to A. fumigatus antigens, and immunologic responses that lead to eosinophilic inflammation and tissue damage in the lungs. Diagnosis is based on criteria including asthma, pulmonary opacities, positive skin test or serum IgE levels to
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic pulmonary disorder caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. It occurs most commonly in people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. The pathogenesis involves an immune response to Aspergillus colonization in the airways leading to mucus plugging, bronchiectasis, and lung fibrosis. Diagnosis is based on criteria including asthma, positive skin test or serum IgE to Aspergillus, eosinophilia, elevated total serum IgE, and central bronchiectasis on chest imaging. Treatment involves systemic corticosteroids to suppress the immune response along with antifungal agents
Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) by Dr.Tinku JosephDr.Tinku Joseph
HRCT is more sensitive than CXR in detecting bronchiectasis and other pulmonary changes in ABPA. It helps establish the diagnosis and assess disease severity and response to treatment.
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease caused by an allergic reaction to the fungus Aspergillus, which commonly infects people with asthma or cystic fibrosis. ABPA involves inflammation and scarring of the airways. It is diagnosed based on criteria including asthma, elevated IgE levels, eosinophilia, and chest imaging findings. Treatment involves use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, along with antifungal medications. Patients also need to avoid exposure to mold spores.
1) The document discusses Allergic BronchoPulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), a condition caused by an allergic reaction to the fungus Aspergillus in the lungs. It covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic criteria and management of ABPA.
2) Key points include that ABPA typically affects people with asthma or cystic fibrosis, and is diagnosed based on criteria including a history of asthma, pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging, positive skin test to Aspergillus, and elevated IgE levels and precipitating antibodies.
3) Management involves use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation during acute episodes.
This document discusses the use of convalescent plasma therapy for treating COVID-19. It explains that plasma from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 contains antibodies that may help actively infected patients fight the virus. The plasma is obtained through apheresis and screened for antibodies before being transfused to patients currently ill with COVID-19. Some countries have started clinical trials of this therapy which shows promise based on its use in previous outbreaks. However, more research is still needed due to the limited number of recovered cases available to donate plasma.
Aspergillosis Patients Support Outreach Meeting London June 2011 - David DenningGraham Atherton
Talk given to the Aspergillosis Patients Outreach Meeting in London entitled "ABPA and SAFS" by National Aspergillosis Centre Director Professor David Denning
This document provides information on the pulmonary manifestations of aspergillosis. It discusses the various types of aspergillosis including allergic, colonization, and invasive forms. Key points include:
- Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common pathogenic species. It produces gliotoxin which inhibits the immune response.
- Allergic forms include allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), bronchocentric granulomatosis, and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Invasive forms include chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis.
- Diagnosis involves radiology, culture, serology and biopsy. Treatment depends on the specific
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by repeated inhalation and sensitization to various antigens. It affects the lung interstitium and has variable clinical presentations. Common causative agents include avian and microbial antigens. The immunopathogenesis involves both humoral and cellular immune responses. HP is classified as acute, subacute, or chronic based on clinical manifestations. Diagnosis relies on a history of antigen exposure, precipitating antibodies, clinical features, imaging, and pathology. Chest radiography and HRCT are important diagnostic tools, with HRCT showing findings like nodules, ground glass opacity, and fibrosis that vary depending on the disease stage.
Clinical Case of Post-Vaccination Measles Followed By Severe Neutropeniainventionjournals
We present a 13 - month old girl, who develop a post vaccination measles infection after a MMR vaccine , followed by a severe neutropenia. The hematological changes last more than one year and resolved spontaneously. We report the clinical case as an extremely rare and unknown side effect of the vaccine.
The document summarizes the history of the chickenpox vaccine. It describes how the vaccine was developed in the 1960s but not approved for widespread use in the US until 1995. Initially, some parents were reluctant to vaccinate due to beliefs that chickenpox was not serious and provided future immunity. However, the link between chickenpox and the more serious disease of shingles later in life helped change views. Concerns that vaccine immunity was temporary were later addressed by booster shots, leading to greater vaccine acceptance and reduced chickenpox cases worldwide.
Update on Pertussis with special reference to QUINVAXEM in IndiaGaurav Gupta
Quinvaxem, Pertussis, Vaccine, Whooping cough, India, acellular, DTwP, DtaP, Tdap, immunization,
Update on pertussis vaccination, Is painless vaccine better than the standard wP vaccine?
This document provides an overview of epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT). It discusses the history of EPIT, mechanisms of EPIT, comparisons of EPIT to other forms of immunotherapy like oral immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy, clinical trials of EPIT for food allergies and environmental allergies. In particular, EPIT generates gut-homing regulatory T-cells that suppress systemic anaphylaxis without modifying humoral or cellular immunity. Clinical trials demonstrate EPIT's potential as a safe and effective treatment for food allergies that can provide sustained immune tolerance.
The document provides a history of the BCG vaccine, beginning with its development in the early 1900s by Calmette and Guerin. It discusses early trials of the vaccine and the Lübeck disaster of 1930. It then summarizes later studies that provided evidence of BCG's efficacy against tuberculosis. While BCG protects against childhood TB, its efficacy against pulmonary TB in adults varies. The document examines factors influencing BCG's efficacy and the need for an improved vaccine that provides durable protection, especially against adult pulmonary TB.
This document discusses imaging of thoracic aspergillosis. It describes four main presentations: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and invasive aspergillosis. HRCT is useful for diagnosing ABPA which presents with bronchiectasis, centrilobular nodules, mucoceles, and high attenuation mucus. Aspergilloma appears on imaging as an ovoid opacity within a lung cavity with surrounding air. CPA is a term used to describe chronic forms including aspergilloma, cavitary, and fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by persistent Candida infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails. It can be caused by defects in the IL-17 and C-type lectin receptor pathways, which are important for antifungal immunity. Major genetic causes include mutations in AIRE leading to APS1/APECED syndrome, FOXP3 causing IPEX syndrome, and STAT1 gain-of-function mutations. Patients present with chronic Candida infections and may have associated autoimmune manifestations or invasive fungal infections. Treatment involves antifungal therapy and management of associated conditions.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: radiology and pathology aspectThorsang Chayovan
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the aspect of radiology and pathology: findings on imaging i.e. HRCT and pathologic characteristics and how to distinguish it from other differential diagnoses.
The document summarizes a presentation on comparing the US healthcare system to other countries. It begins with defining terms like OECD, healthcare systems, and analytic methods. It then discusses the evolution of healthcare systems in OECD countries after World War II, with European nations adopting universal coverage through national systems while the US relied on employer subsidies. The presentation outlines different healthcare models - National Health Service, National Health Insurance, and mixed private/public systems - and provides examples from countries like the UK, which has a National Health Service funded mainly through taxes.
The document summarizes the major characteristics of the US healthcare delivery system. It notes that the US system has no central governing agency and little integration between parts of the system. It is technology-driven, focuses on acute care, and is high in costs but unequal in access, resulting in average health outcomes. The US relies more on private sector involvement compared to other developed countries where government plays a larger role.
1) The document discusses Allergic BronchoPulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA), a condition caused by an allergic reaction to the fungus Aspergillus in the lungs. It covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic criteria and management of ABPA.
2) Key points include that ABPA typically affects people with asthma or cystic fibrosis, and is diagnosed based on criteria including a history of asthma, pulmonary infiltrates on chest imaging, positive skin test to Aspergillus, and elevated IgE levels and precipitating antibodies.
3) Management involves use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation during acute episodes.
This document discusses the use of convalescent plasma therapy for treating COVID-19. It explains that plasma from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 contains antibodies that may help actively infected patients fight the virus. The plasma is obtained through apheresis and screened for antibodies before being transfused to patients currently ill with COVID-19. Some countries have started clinical trials of this therapy which shows promise based on its use in previous outbreaks. However, more research is still needed due to the limited number of recovered cases available to donate plasma.
Aspergillosis Patients Support Outreach Meeting London June 2011 - David DenningGraham Atherton
Talk given to the Aspergillosis Patients Outreach Meeting in London entitled "ABPA and SAFS" by National Aspergillosis Centre Director Professor David Denning
This document provides information on the pulmonary manifestations of aspergillosis. It discusses the various types of aspergillosis including allergic, colonization, and invasive forms. Key points include:
- Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common pathogenic species. It produces gliotoxin which inhibits the immune response.
- Allergic forms include allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), bronchocentric granulomatosis, and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Invasive forms include chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis.
- Diagnosis involves radiology, culture, serology and biopsy. Treatment depends on the specific
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by repeated inhalation and sensitization to various antigens. It affects the lung interstitium and has variable clinical presentations. Common causative agents include avian and microbial antigens. The immunopathogenesis involves both humoral and cellular immune responses. HP is classified as acute, subacute, or chronic based on clinical manifestations. Diagnosis relies on a history of antigen exposure, precipitating antibodies, clinical features, imaging, and pathology. Chest radiography and HRCT are important diagnostic tools, with HRCT showing findings like nodules, ground glass opacity, and fibrosis that vary depending on the disease stage.
Clinical Case of Post-Vaccination Measles Followed By Severe Neutropeniainventionjournals
We present a 13 - month old girl, who develop a post vaccination measles infection after a MMR vaccine , followed by a severe neutropenia. The hematological changes last more than one year and resolved spontaneously. We report the clinical case as an extremely rare and unknown side effect of the vaccine.
The document summarizes the history of the chickenpox vaccine. It describes how the vaccine was developed in the 1960s but not approved for widespread use in the US until 1995. Initially, some parents were reluctant to vaccinate due to beliefs that chickenpox was not serious and provided future immunity. However, the link between chickenpox and the more serious disease of shingles later in life helped change views. Concerns that vaccine immunity was temporary were later addressed by booster shots, leading to greater vaccine acceptance and reduced chickenpox cases worldwide.
Update on Pertussis with special reference to QUINVAXEM in IndiaGaurav Gupta
Quinvaxem, Pertussis, Vaccine, Whooping cough, India, acellular, DTwP, DtaP, Tdap, immunization,
Update on pertussis vaccination, Is painless vaccine better than the standard wP vaccine?
This document provides an overview of epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT). It discusses the history of EPIT, mechanisms of EPIT, comparisons of EPIT to other forms of immunotherapy like oral immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy, clinical trials of EPIT for food allergies and environmental allergies. In particular, EPIT generates gut-homing regulatory T-cells that suppress systemic anaphylaxis without modifying humoral or cellular immunity. Clinical trials demonstrate EPIT's potential as a safe and effective treatment for food allergies that can provide sustained immune tolerance.
The document provides a history of the BCG vaccine, beginning with its development in the early 1900s by Calmette and Guerin. It discusses early trials of the vaccine and the Lübeck disaster of 1930. It then summarizes later studies that provided evidence of BCG's efficacy against tuberculosis. While BCG protects against childhood TB, its efficacy against pulmonary TB in adults varies. The document examines factors influencing BCG's efficacy and the need for an improved vaccine that provides durable protection, especially against adult pulmonary TB.
This document discusses imaging of thoracic aspergillosis. It describes four main presentations: allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), aspergilloma, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), and invasive aspergillosis. HRCT is useful for diagnosing ABPA which presents with bronchiectasis, centrilobular nodules, mucoceles, and high attenuation mucus. Aspergilloma appears on imaging as an ovoid opacity within a lung cavity with surrounding air. CPA is a term used to describe chronic forms including aspergilloma, cavitary, and fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is characterized by persistent Candida infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and nails. It can be caused by defects in the IL-17 and C-type lectin receptor pathways, which are important for antifungal immunity. Major genetic causes include mutations in AIRE leading to APS1/APECED syndrome, FOXP3 causing IPEX syndrome, and STAT1 gain-of-function mutations. Patients present with chronic Candida infections and may have associated autoimmune manifestations or invasive fungal infections. Treatment involves antifungal therapy and management of associated conditions.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: radiology and pathology aspectThorsang Chayovan
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the aspect of radiology and pathology: findings on imaging i.e. HRCT and pathologic characteristics and how to distinguish it from other differential diagnoses.
The document summarizes a presentation on comparing the US healthcare system to other countries. It begins with defining terms like OECD, healthcare systems, and analytic methods. It then discusses the evolution of healthcare systems in OECD countries after World War II, with European nations adopting universal coverage through national systems while the US relied on employer subsidies. The presentation outlines different healthcare models - National Health Service, National Health Insurance, and mixed private/public systems - and provides examples from countries like the UK, which has a National Health Service funded mainly through taxes.
The document summarizes the major characteristics of the US healthcare delivery system. It notes that the US system has no central governing agency and little integration between parts of the system. It is technology-driven, focuses on acute care, and is high in costs but unequal in access, resulting in average health outcomes. The US relies more on private sector involvement compared to other developed countries where government plays a larger role.
The document outlines a proposed thriller/comedy film genre hybrid that draws inspiration from popular spy films like James Bond. It would follow a rookie MI6 agent, McBrandy, who is tasked with recovering stolen classified government files from a defiant MI6 spy who handed them over to Al Qaeda. With help from a gadget-creating MI6 expert, McBrandy travels around London interrogating leads to track down the spy and Al Qaeda suspect, recover the files, and restore faith in MI6. The film aims its demographic at teenagers and adults with a budget of $2 million for special features.
Este documento define vários termos importantes, incluindo confusão, estreito, aglomeração, privilégio, ecologista, organização, poupança e ter tomates.
KLEMEN on INNOVATION Webster 20150611 FINALMichael Klemen
The document discusses innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship. It covers various types of innovation including classical, "digical" combining digital and physical, and disruptive innovation. Emerging technologies like 3D printing, the Internet of Things, and digital platforms are discussed as enabling new forms of innovation. The presentation explores how trends like these technologies, new business models like network orchestrators, and global forces will shape our future.
Xamarin allows developers to build native iOS, Android, and Windows apps using C# and .NET while leveraging rich IDE support like Xamarin Studio and Visual Studio. It offers streamlined design, development, debugging and deployment of mobile apps with native UI and performance. Developers can also access a component store to add third-party libraries and UI controls with a few lines of code. Xamarin provides a free starter edition for small businesses and individual developers to get started building mobile apps.
Tom Smithies gets in over his head with drug dealing and it goes wrong, leading Elyjah Bounds and his gang to kidnap Tom's younger brother and sister to get revenge. Tom must then go on a desperate search through London's criminal underground to find his family and save their lives, playing the gangs off against each other before it's too late. The thriller film is targeted towards teenagers and young adults aged 15-30 on a low budget in the style of Lock Stock and Snatch.
The steady rise of new technologies, especially in the area of mobile assisted language learning, has created new opportunities as well as challenges for foreign language learning. Since learners have more and more access to a wide range of devices and learning resources, teachers are challenged to explore the potential and benefits of these to support their students’ learning. In the last two decades there have been many attempts to integrate all kinds of mobile devices and apps to support formal as well as informal learning processes. However, most of the available apps still support mainly individual learning, using mobile devices to deliver content rather than providing learners with the opportunity to interact amongst each other.
To address this we have designed an app, based on a highly interactive, ubiquitous and constructive learning approach. The app is called Guess it! Language Trainer and allows learners to share, assess and co-construct their foreign language knowledge. Learning contents are no longer delivered but integrated into versatile tasks which although individually performed, affect the community of learners. The current research paper presents the first results of an ongoing project using the Guess it! Language Trainer app in a compulsory German language course at a Spanish University. In our paper we will firstly describe how the app has been used to support students’ language learning outside the classroom, secondly, how it helped learners to get actively involved in their own learning processes and thirdly, how the teacher can use the information stored in the system to assess students’ language learning.
This document provides an overview of different types of goods: private goods, public goods, common resources, and club goods. It defines key characteristics of excludability and rivalry in consumption. Private goods are excludable and rival, while public goods are non-excludable and non-rival. Common resources are non-excludable but rival. The document discusses how free riders can consume public goods without paying and the tragedy of the commons, where common resources are depleted if not regulated. Government policy options are discussed to address issues with non-private goods.
101 lecture 19 earnings and discriminationGale Pooley
The document contains information about an upcoming exam on December 26th covering chapters 18, 19, 20 and 21 of Microeconomics. It also contains several graphs and discussions around topics like the wage gap between different ethnic groups in the US, dangerous jobs, innovation, productivity in China vs the US, and the relationship between ideas, inventions, innovations, and the different types of capital (human, physical, financial, intellectual) needed for entrepreneurship.
When white light passes through a prism, it refracts and separates into the visible color spectrum of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This document discusses the refraction of light through prisms and how rainbows are formed by the reflection and refraction of sunlight within water droplets in the sky. It aims to correct the misconception that rainbows are produced by only one water droplet.
Some of the latest progress for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of as...Graham Atherton
This document summarizes a support meeting for patients with aspergillosis led by Graham Atherton and supported by Marie Kirwan, Georgina Powell, and Debbie Kennedy. The meeting covered advances in prevention, detection, and treatment of aspergillosis, including identifying vulnerable individuals, preventing exposure to resistant strains, improving diagnosis, developing new drugs and treatments like nanotechnology, and exploring stem cell research and the possibility of growing new lungs. The meeting also discussed changes to the Fungal Research Trust becoming the Fungal Infection Trust and improvements to future patient support meetings.
There have been a few reported cases where individuals were infected with HIV but then eliminated the virus from their body after a year or two with no detectable virus. Some experts believe these individuals may have succeeded in curing their HIV infection. Certain genes may provide some people with natural protection against HIV. By studying these genes, researchers hope to find ways to protect others. Some individuals exposed to HIV show signs of immune response to the virus but do not become infected, suggesting their immune system eliminated the virus upon exposure. Many people may have the ability to destroy a limited number of HIV particles, preventing infection from small exposures.
Feature story from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's April 2012 issue of Breakthrough newsletter. More at https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/newsletters
Investigation of IgA Antinuclear Antibody responses in AutoimmunityCiarán Frewen
This document provides background information on autoimmunity and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). It discusses the immune system, including the innate and adaptive responses. Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases. ANAs are autoantibodies that bind to components in the cell nucleus. The presence of certain ANAs is associated with connective tissue diseases like lupus and Sjögren's syndrome. The document aims to establish an immunofluorescent assay to detect IgG and IgA ANAs in serum samples from patients with connective tissue diseases. It will optimize the assay and compare ANA patterns between IgG, IgA and anti-light chain responses
This document discusses the growing problem of antibiotic resistance and the threat it poses. It notes that bacteria are evolving resistance to antibiotics and becoming immune to drugs that were previously used to treat infections. If drastic steps are not taken soon, it could mean the end of modern medicine as procedures like surgeries and transplants become too dangerous to perform due to the risk of drug-resistant infections. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in both healthcare settings and agriculture is contributing to the rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. New approaches are needed to control the spread of infections beyond the use of antibiotics.
This study investigated the impact of maternal latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) on infant immune responses to bacille Calmette–Gue ́rin (BCG) immunization at birth. Cord blood and peripheral blood samples were taken from infants at birth and 1 and 6 weeks after BCG immunization. Antibody and cellular immune responses to M. tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) were measured and compared between infants of mothers with and without LTBI. The results showed that maternal LTBI was associated with lower frequencies of PPD-specific CD4+ T cells expressing cytokines in infant blood samples 1 week after BCG immunization. This suggests that maternal LTBI may influence the infant immune response
The document discusses infliximab, a biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Research showed that a mouse anti-TNF antibody inhibited joint inflammation and swelling in collagen-induced arthritis mouse models, demonstrating infliximab's effectiveness. Although human and animal diseases differ, infliximab reduced rheumatoid arthritis symptoms as observed in mouse models, proving it to be an effective biologic therapy despite the long development time.
La immunoterapia "aspecifica" e la flora intestinaleeventslearnig
This document discusses the relationship between the intestinal flora and non-specific immunotherapy. It begins with an overview of innate and adaptive immunity as it relates to the flora, macrophages, dendritic cells, and regulatory and effector T cells. It then discusses research questions around the microbiome-host organism relationship, the microbiota's role in intestinal immune system maturation, the impact of diet on microbiota composition, and translational research. Methods for microbiota characterization are also reviewed. The document then discusses intestinal dysbiosis and its links to inflammatory diseases. It reviews probiotic administration studies related to allergy prevention and their effects on eczema and IgE levels. Finally, it summarizes the effects of probiotics like LGG
Natural insusceptibility is the resistant framework that is available when you are conceived. It is your body's most memorable line of guard against microorganisms.Versatile resistance is assurance that your body constructs when it meets and recollects antigens, which is one more name for microorganisms and other unfamiliar substances in the body.The antibody is managed. It contains antigens to a particular infection.The safe framework recognizes the antigens in the immunization as unfamiliar trespassers.
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. It begins by outlining the high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in India, ranging from 15-57% depending on the region. It then describes the main diagnostic tests available, including antibody detection methods like dye test, ELISA, and western blot. It also covers detection of the parasite via microscopy, animal inoculation, and PCR. The document concludes by explaining applications of these tests for screening pregnant women, diagnosing congenital or neonatal infections, and identifying cerebral toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients.
Streptococcus species, Classification, Structure, Morphology, Biochemical Characteristics, diseases and infection caused by Streptococcus species,Diagnosis and treatment of Streptococcus species,
This document discusses maternal antibodies and the Coombs test. It begins by defining maternal antibodies as antibodies produced by the mother and transferred to the fetus. These provide protective immunity for the fetus. The document then explains why maternal antibodies are important, noting that ABO incompatibility can cause issues for 20% of infants and Rh incompatibility can cause hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn if not prevented. It provides details on Rh status and the conditions it can lead to. The document also explains what the Coombs test is, noting it was discovered by Coombs in 1945 and can detect IgG antibodies bound to red blood cells to identify sensitization which may cause hemolysis. It clarifies that the direct antiglob
The document summarizes an at-home IgG ELISA food intolerance test offered by Optimum Health Resource Laboratories for $299. The test uses a finger prick blood sample to detect IgG antibodies binding to various foods to identify foods causing delayed allergic reactions and illness. While the test aims to help patients identify problem foods and improve health, critics note isolated case studies and small sample sizes in supporting research.
The document discusses several new methods for diagnosing diseases through the immune system. One method called immunosignaturing uses blood samples to create "immune system snapshots" that can provide rapid presymptomatic diagnosis for a variety of illnesses. This is more specific than current tests that only analyze responses to certain antigens. Another discussed method uses modified food allergens to help those with allergies. Overall, the new techniques aim to provide low-cost, early diagnosis to improve treatment outcomes.
The document discusses several new methods for diagnosing diseases through the immune system. One method called immunosignaturing uses blood samples to create "immune system snapshots" that can provide rapid presymptomatic diagnosis for a variety of infectious and chronic conditions. Another discusses using modified food allergens to help those with allergies and diagnosing allergies through low-cost ELISA testing of food samples. The techniques aim to provide low-cost, early diagnosis to improve treatment outcomes.
This document describes a study on the seroprevalence of measles IgG antibody in children in Bannu district, Pakistan. The study analyzed 650 blood samples collected from different hospitals and health centers in the district. 123 samples were found to be positive for measles IgG antibodies. Results showed higher prevalence of antibodies in females compared to males, in rural residents compared to urban, and varying by age and month. The study concluded that measles remains common in unvaccinated children in the district and recommended vaccination for all children.
Vaccines are designed to elicit an immune response against the particular microbe or bits of the microbe from which the vaccine is made. This idea dates back several centuries, when British surgeon, Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine against a lethal infectious disease, small pox. Between the 18th century and now, more than 65 products have been approved which, together with public health and other developments, have contributed to the tapering and, in some cases, eradication of infectious diseases that used to kill millions. The problem is that the design is based on the physical attributes of the microbe. So, one person might be infected with virus x, which mutates rapidly to become 10 or more different strains. So, between approval and reaching the public, effectiveness may drop or wane over time. The sheer logistics of designing a trial means that follow-up periods are not long enough to account for every possible safety issue. Nevertheless, they remain our go-to defense for lethal infections, such as Ebola, and ones that reduce productivity. In other cases, timely inoculations may protect against the risk of developing specific cancers later in life. They have also contributed to the fact that most people are not at home sick with polio or some of the other ancient plagues.
However, anti-infective vaccines are typically given to healthy children and people on the basis that it will not make them sick or that it will reduce the risk of premature death. Because vaccines need to be preserved, properly stored and kept free of other contamination before it reaches many distribution sites, other ingredients are added to the mix. And some people, especially those with weakened immune systems, may have severe/life-threatening allergies to additives or a contaminated batch.
So, one in a million complications/deaths is one in a million too many. To this end, I have compiled a summary culled from various sources, to foster a positive dialogue towards improvements.
The document discusses meningococcal meningitis, a disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. It enters the body through contact and symptoms take 3-7 days to present, including fever, rash, vomiting, and altered mental status. The disease is most prevalent in children under two. Treatments are available to combat the microbe and its impact on human health.
Here are the materials used in this experiment:
- Chicken serum samples from hens with and without ovarian cancer
- Purified recombinant Selenium Binding Protein 1 (SBP1) as an antigen
- Anti-chicken immunoglobulin G horseradish peroxidase (IGY_HRP) as a secondary antibody
- ELISA plates
- Bicarbonate buffer, ELISA buffer, TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine), and sulfuric acid solutions
- Spectrophotometer
- Pipettes, tubes, gloves, lab coat for handling materials safely
Procedure:
1. Serum samples were collected from hens at various time points as they developed or did
Similar to Comparing parts of UK & US Healthcare systems, IgG explained (20)
Danielle Yuill: Giving patients a VOICE project (Patients helping in research at NAC) http://www.uhsm.nhs.uk/racrf/Pages/involved.aspx.
NB this meeting was confidential so audio is not broadcast in the second part of this support meeting.
A discussion to collect ideas and discuss the forthcoming new handout for the purpose of communicating our support with patients who do not use computers
Pseudomonas infections and a new type of antifungal drugGraham Atherton
This document provides an agenda and information for a support meeting for aspergillosis patients and carers. The meeting will be led by Graham Atherton and supported by Chris Harris from the NAC Centre. The agenda includes presentations on new antifungal medications, itraconazole as a potential anticancer drug, and Pseudomonas bacteria by Pippa Newton from the National Aspergillosis Centre. There will also be a question and answer session.
Aspergillosis Support Group Christmas Quiz 2013Graham Atherton
The December meeting of the Aspergillosis Support Group for Patients & Carers is a quiz played for the David MacIntyre Trophy. Questions are based around the information presented in the previous years meeting and other information about aspergillosis. See how you do!
Poet in Residence Caroline Hawkridge talks about our achievements in holding events to raise awareness of fungal infections using poetry written with patients & carers at earlier meetings.
Graham Atherton talked about GAFFI and about how antifungal drugs work to kill fungal infections
Involving Patients (and carers) in research at NWLC & NACGraham Atherton
Danielle Yuill tells us about her project to discover how best to involve patients and carers in research at the North West Lung Centre & National Aspergillosis Centre - amd not just reviewing grant requests and providing tissue samples.
Graham Atherton takes us through some of the many features & structures we can see in a lung x-ray - what does aspergillosis look like??.
- The document discusses a support meeting for aspergillosis patients and carers. It includes an agenda with presentations on new NHS structures, changes in commissioning of specialized services like the National Aspergillosis Centre, and a Q&A session.
- Graham Atherton will present on funding streams for treatment which may change between clinical commissioning groups and specialized commissioning.
- Any changes from the patient perspective will be minor, with the main difference being funding approval processes for expensive antifungal drugs.
Steve Webster of the Manchester Carers Centre, UK talks about the support and services offered by the centre in Manchester and the other centres throughout the UK. Graham Atherton talks about our progress in the understanding of the health effects caused by damp homes, and how to avoid them!
Chronic illness health psychologist Alison Wearden talks about how stress effects our health and our recovery from illness, and specialist physiotherapist Phil Langridge talks about breathlessness and what we can do to control it.
Graham Atherton discusses gardening for those with allergies, the signs of heart disorder to be aware of if you are taking itraconazole and advice on travel.
Dr Mike Bromley talks about the role of Manchester University in the research and development of new antifungal drugs, followed by Dr Iain Page talking about our research projects in Africa that have the potential to reveal much larger numbers of people suffering from Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) than is currently thought.
Creative Writing Projects at the National Aspergillosis CentreGraham Atherton
This document discusses using creative projects to raise public awareness of Aspergillosis and the North American Coccidioidomycosis (NAC) clinic. It provides examples of poems written by patients that could be used in newsletters, leaflets, and the clinic waiting room. It also announces an upcoming poetry event and suggests helping patients write and collect their own stories and poems.
Maintaining or Improving your health status in CPA (Khaled Al-shair)Graham Atherton
This document summarizes a presentation on factors affecting health status in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. The presentation discusses that approximately 70% of patients responded positively to antifungal treatment, while 30% deteriorated. Important factors influencing response and health include underlying diseases, smoking, physical activity, age, nutrition status, and acute chest infections. Previous tuberculosis, asthma, COPD, and pneumonia are common underlying conditions. Smoking negatively impacts lung function, and physical activity is important for health. Nutrition and avoiding chest infections also impact health status in patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.
Dr Libby Radcliffe talks about the aches & pains suffered by aspergillosis patients, the different causes and what can be done to reduce them. Professor Malcolm Richardson talks about the types of moulds we all come across every day and the damage they can cause in the wrong places. Dr Graham Atherton talks about the correct specification for facemasks used to reduce the inhalation of mould spores when carrying out routine daily tasks & hobbies.
Support meeting for aspergillosis patients with Paul Bowyer, Senior Scientist on recent advances in research on susceptibility to Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Chronic Cough: What it is and how to try to reduce its impact on your lifeGraham Atherton
This document summarizes a support meeting for patients with aspergillosis. The meeting will be led by Graham Atherton and supported by Marie Kirwan, Georgina Powell, and Debbie Kennedy. It will include an introduction, a presentation on cough by Dr. Jaclyn Smith, a break for tea and coffee, an announcement of changes to the meeting, and will conclude at 3pm. The meeting aims to provide support for patients and help improve their quality of life.
Cheryl Pearse, Specialist Nurse in Smoking Cessation at UHSM, Manchester gives the Aspergillosis Patients Meeting a presentation on giving up smoking. July 2012
Medical writer and poet Caroline Hawkridge talks on her experiences of creating & running patient support groups, writing medical books and the uses & ideas of & for creative writing in support groups
Aspergillosis study day May 1st 2012 - Malcolm RichardsonGraham Atherton
Aspergillus is a common mold found worldwide that can grow in homes under certain conditions. It is able to grow in low water environments and can be found indoors in dust, air conditioning systems, walls, and other areas. Exposure to Aspergillus in damp or moldy homes has been linked to various respiratory symptoms and diseases in occupants. Proper maintenance and repair of homes is needed to prevent excessive mold growth and exposure.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Comparing parts of UK & US Healthcare systems, IgG explained
1. LED BY GRAHAM ATHERTON
SUPPORTED BY
NAC CENTRE MANAGER CHRIS HARRIS
EAVAN MULDOON
CONSULTANT
THE NATIONAL ASPERGILLOSIS CENTRE
NATIONAL ASPERGILLOSIS CENTRE
UHSM
MANCHESTER
Support Meeting for
Aspergillosis Patients & Carers
Fungal Research Trust
2. Aspergillus meeting – Friday 20th
September 2013
Eavan Muldoon
Consultant in Infectious Diseases
5. Differences between the USA and UK
• Differences in healthcare provision
– Funding
– Structure of medical teams
– Clinics
– Number of doctors
• Differences in Management of Aspergillus
disease
7. Programme
1.30 Eavan Muldoon– NAC Consultant
2.00 Graham Atherton – Your subject (IgG)
2.30 Patients Discussion (Break)
3.00 Group discussion/Requests for information
ICAAC : A ‘sniffer’ for Aspergillosis
Patients survey
3.20 Q & A from the floor or online
8. Suggest a subject
Can be on any relevant subject you would like to hear
our opinion or get our help with
Send suggestions to admin@aspergillus.org.uk
Pass notes to me at clinic or at the meeting
Phone them in (24 hrs) at 0161 291 5866
9. IgE
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) – an antibody
Also have IgA, IgG, IgM – each plays a different role
IgE main role – defence against parasites!
Normally very low levels
IgE is released as soon as an infection is detected –
the hypersensitivity response. Gets all immune cells
ready for action – allergy!
11. Role in disease
Secondary Immune response (IgE Is part of the
Primary Immune response)
All happens in our Lymph nodes
The most abundant Ig in our bodies – making up
75% of all Ig molecules circulating
Made by B cells
Controls infection – bacteria, virus, fungus
12. Highly specific
Ends are HIGHLY variable so can recognise millions
of different molecules on the surface of foreign
bodies entering our bodies
13. Recognition & replication
Once attached the other end of the antibody
becomes very attractive to B cells, which will stick to
it.
This stimulates the production of more B cells
producing that specific antibody and each B cell
produces lots more antibody. This quickly produces
vast numbers of specific antibodies
All this activity is one reason why your lymph nodes
swell up when you have an infection!
14. Recognition & replication
Interestingly, the better the ‘fit’ (recognition) of the
antibody to the foreign particle (virus, bacterium,
fungus) the more intense the production of that
antibody, so the best antibodies quickly dominate.
Clever!
15. Vaccines
Once B cells go through this process they can
become ‘memory’ B cells with a long life – this is why
vaccination works.
In vaccined individuals, IgG appears about 24–48
hours after infection.
16. How do antibodies work?
Multiple mechanisms
IgG-mediated binding of pathogens causes their
immobilization and binding together via
agglutination;
IgG coating of pathogen surfaces (known as
opsonization) allows their recognition and ingestion
by phagocytic immune cells;
IgG activates the classical pathway of the
complement system, a cascade of immune protein
production that results in pathogen elimination;
IgG also binds and neutralizes toxins
17. Protection of new born child
IgG is small in size allowing it to easily perfuse tissues.
It is the only isotype that can pass through the human
placenta, thereby providing protection to the fetus in utero.
Along with IgA secreted in the breast milk, residual IgG
absorbed through the placenta provides the neonate with
humoral immunity before its own immune system
develops.
Colostrum contains a high percentage of IgG, especially
bovine colostrum.
18. What do your tests mean?
If you have large amounts of IgG circulating in your
blood, you probably have an ongoing infection (not
allergy!)
If we can identify the specific type of antibody as
being one that attaches to a specific bacteria, virus or
fungus then it tells us which organism is causing the
infection.
Useful!
25. Any other Immunoglobulins?
IgM – very large, found in spleen. Good indicator of
very recent infection. Good at binding infecting
particles even if no prior immunity! Blood
agglutination is mainly caused by this Ig
IgA – Important in the mucosal lining of our organs,
the main immunoglobulin found in mucous
secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and
secretions from the genitourinary tract,
gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory
epithelium. Highly resistant to breakdown in gut.
IgD – found in small amounts in blood.
26. ICAAC 2013: Aspergillosis ‘sniffer’
An Aspergillus fumigatus (AF)-Specific Breath Volatile
Organic Compound (VOC) Profile is Diagnostic of Invasive
Aspergillosis (IA)
Sophia Koo, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp., Boston, MA
Poster Session 023, Presentation M-219
The suggestion is that this research will enable us to
diagnose invasive aspergillosis by testing the breath of the
patient. This would be a useful tool (if reliable and
accurate) as diagnosis of IA is currently slow and difficult,
and even more importantly all delay in the diagnosis of
invasive aspergillosis has the effect of increasing mortality
rates. The sooner we are able to start treatment the better!
34. Has the move to Friday Meetings worked?
8 months prior to move - 32 patients/carers
attended
8 months after move - 42 patients/carers attended
(32% increase)
Total numbers of visits have also risen 15 - 20%
=Success! Any other ideas?
Over the whole history of the meetings (3 years),
over 150 patients/carers have attended.