Impact of heavy swine market weights on facility and equipment needs - Dr. Mike Brumm, from the 2012 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-18, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA. More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2012-leman-swine-conference-material

1. Marketing and Transportation
 1:30 Growth and development
implications at heavier weights - Dr.
John Patience
 2:00 Impact of heavy market weights on
facility and equipment needs - Dr. Mike
Brumm
 3:00 Market transportation implications
- Dr. John McGlone

2. Impact of Heavy Market Weights
on Facilities and Equipment
Dr Mike Brumm
Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc
North Mankato, MN
mbrumm@hickorytech.net

3. IA-SMN Liveweight at Slaughter
2010 2011 2007-2011 2012
280
275 125.0
270 122.7
265 120.5
Lb
Kg
260 118.2
255
250
Week

4. USDA Federally Inspected
Barrow and Gilt carcass wt, lb
(1988-2011)
220 100
y = 1.397x + 170.5
R² = 0.979
210 95.5
200 90.9
190 86.4
Lb Kg
180 81.8
170 77.3
160 72.7
150 68.2
Year
At this pace, in 2022 live weights
will average 290 lb (132 kg) based on 75% yield

5. US + Canada Kept for Mkt per
Breeding Animal
11.0
10.5
10.0
9.5
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0

6. Facility options
 Tunnel vs curtain ventilation

7. Sensible Plus Latent Heat
Production by Growing Pigs
Prior to 1988 1988-2002 Brumm estimate of 2012 genetics
1200
1000
800
Btu/hr
600
400
200
Trans ASAE 47(1):259-270
0
22 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220
Pig Wt, lb

8. Change is a constant
Brown-Brandl, et al, 2004
W * 3.412 = btu/hr

9. As pigs produce more heat
 Upper critical temperatures are lower
than most think
◦ Summer heat relief will become even
more important
◦ Ventilation systems move thru stages
faster
 What about lower critical temperature?
◦ What is the correct set point?

10. Facility Options
 Full vs Partial slats
◦ Only Smithfield is routinely using partial
slats
◦ ‘Never again’
 Big vs small pen
◦ Big pens typically 100-150 pigs/pen
◦ Small pens typically 25-33 pigs/pen

11. What about pen size?

12. What about pen size?
 Fewer but longer fights in  Slight decrease
large pens ◦ Late nursery and early
grower
 ADG (0.001 lb/d/pig nursery
 Pig loading is easier from and grower)
large pens
 ADF (0.001 lb/d/pig late
nursery)
 No difference
◦ Variation in gain
◦ Feed:Gain  People issue
◦ ADG or ADF after 80 lb ◦ Spotting and treating
individual pigs

13. Lameness?
 Nielsen et al, 2002 IPVS – increased
with heavier wts
 Street and Gonyou, 2008 JAS –
increased with 108 vs 18 pigs/pen

14. Expressing space as a function of
Bodyweight
 Allometric equation for floor space
allowance
Area = k * BW2/3
k = Area / BW2/3
Courtesy Dr. Harold Gonyou, Prairie Swine Centre

15. Gonyou et al, 2006
ADG Response to 'k'
full slats constant group size - metric
104%
100%
ADG % of Control
96%
92%
88%
0.0340
0.0336
84%
0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.028 0.030 0.032 0.034 0.036 0.038 0.040 0.042 0.044 0.046 0.048 0.050
'k'

16. 0.0336

17. 0.0358

18. Critical Space (full slats) at ‘k’=
0.0336 0.2145
kg m2/pig lb ft2/pig
100 0.725 220 7.83
109.1 0.768 240 8.29
120.5 0.821 265 8.89
127 0.860 280 9.28
134 0.892 295 9.61

19. 123 kg, 0.58 m2 270 lb, 6.3 ft2
k = 0.024 k = 0.153

20. 123 kg, 0.74 m2 270 lb, 8.0 ft2
k = 0.030 k = 0.191

21. 102 kg 0.76 m2/pig 225 lb 8.2 ft2/pig
k = 0.035 k = 0.223

22. For each 3% change in space,
daily gain and daily feed intake
change 1.0%
for full slats.
There is no predictable impact
of space allocation on
feed/gain.

23. Impact of Space on ADG
Full slats
Wt Adequate @ 7.2 (0.67)
Lb (kg) ft2 (m2) ft2 (m2)
Reduction in ADG
50 (22.7) 2.9 (0.27)
225 (102.3) 8.0 (0.74) 3.3%
250 (113.6) 8.5 (0.79) 5.0%
275 (125.0) 9.2 (0.85) 7.2%
300 (136.4) 9.7 (0.90) 8.6%

24. For each 3% change in
space, daily gain and daily feed
intake change 1.5% for partial
slats.
There is no predictable impact
of space allocation on
feed/gain.

25. How much feed goes thru a
feeder per year? $225/t
 2.6 turns/yr
 230 lb gain/pig (55 in wt; 285 out wt)
 33 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (50’ wide)
@ 2.80 f/g 55.3 t $12,432
@ 2.77 f/g 54.7 t $12,299
$133/yr
 26 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (40’ wide)
@ 2.80 f/g 43.5 t $9,795
$105/yr
@ 2.77 f/g 43.1 t $9,690

26. How much feed goes thru a
feeder per year? $325/t
 2.6 turns/yr
 230 lb gain/pig (55 in wt; 285 out wt)
 33 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (50’ wide)
@ 2.80 f/g 55.3 t $17,958
@ 2.77 f/g 54.7 t $17,766
$192/yr
 26 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (40’ wide)
@ 2.80 f/g 43.5 t $14,149
$152/yr
@ 2.77 f/g 43.1 t $13,997

27. 2007 pig eating from 1995 feeder

28. Feeder Types Common to US
Dry
Wean-Finish
Wet/Dry

29. Tube Feeders
My best guess – 0.02-0.04 worse
f/g than dry or wean-finish

30. Pig Shoulder Width
 Petherick, 1983 Width = 0.064 x BW0.33
Wt, kg Width, X 1.1 Wt, lb Width, in X 1.1
mm
20 170 187 44 6.8 7.5
40 220 242 88 8.5 9.3
60 250 275 132 9.7 10.7
80 275 302 176 10.7 11.8
100 290 319 220 11.5 12.7
125 315 346 275 12.4 13.6
136 324 356 300 12.8 14.0

31. Critical Feeder Dimensions
Gonyou and Lou (90 kg pigs; 1997)
◦ Depth 8-12 inches (10 inches/254
mm?)
◦ Lip Height 4-5 inches (100-125 mm)
◦ Width ?
Shoulder x 1.1

32. Sell to Cargill, Triumph or Tyson

33. Getting Feeder Dimensions
Right
10 in (254 mm) 6+ in (155 mm)
15 in (380 mm) 5 in (127 mm)

34. Do you know your feeder
dimensions?
215 mm 305 mm
178 mm

36. 102 mm 240 mm
March, 2011

37. April, 2011
250 mm

38. New Feeders aren’t perfect
4 ‘hole’ 50” (1270 mm) feeder = 12.5”/hole
5 ‘hole’ 60” (1525 mm) feeder = 12”/hole
6 ‘hole’ 70” (1780 mm) feeder = 11.7”/hole

39. Grow-Finish Feeders – Meal
diets
◦ Recommended Stocking Densities
 Quality Dry Feeder 8-10 pigs/space
1.7”-2”/pig minimum
43-51 mm/pig
15”/1.7” = 8.8 pigs/space
380 mm/43mm = 8.8 pigs/space
 Wet/dry >12 pigs/space
 Tube ?
PIC Recommendations –
11 pigs/side/drop
2”/pig trough length/pig
51 mm/pig
◦ Pellets vs meal - pigs eat faster on pellets

40. A conclusion is the place where
you got tired of thinking.
-- Steven Wright

41. Impact of Heavy Market Weights
on Facilities and Equipment
Dr Mike Brumm
Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc
North Mankato, MN
mbrumm@hickorytech.net
Blog: Mnpork.com