Dr Costantinos TEDs lecture
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Indeed philosophers from Plato to Hegel and Marx Henry D Thoreau, Mitch Albom, Og Mandino, and Alfred N Whitehead have augured purpose in life as the primary engine that drives human growth, development, and well-being … the way you get meaning into your life is to devote your life into loving others, yourself to your community around you, and yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning – arts, music, intellectual development and service of the community...
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The aim of this paper is to look into the topic of human rights; consequently showing that the fight for recognizing the cultural identity develops through the system of human rights. Specifically speaking, the latter is achieved through civil and political rights, individual rights, and I generation. The collective practices of the cultural self-identification of the individual develop exactly through the civil rights, namely speaking the right of self-determination. The collective practices also influence and determine the political system. Therefore, in this paper I direct the tone towards the democratic form of the political system of the segmented or the plural multicultural societies and countries. The implication of this paper is that the consociational democracy (or consensual according to some authors) as a democratic and political system in multi-cultural societies and cultural difference in the politics are tightly intertwined with the source of their rights—meaning the system of human rights. Keywords: Human Rights, civil and political rights, collective rights and practices, plural multicultural societies, consociational democracy (consensual), international law on human rights
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1. Democracy is a system of government where ultimate political power rests with the people. It comes from the Greek words "demos" meaning people and "kratos" meaning power.
2. There are two main types of democracy - direct democracy, where citizens participate directly in government, and representative democracy, where citizens elect representatives to govern on their behalf.
3. Key aspects of democracy include individualism, liberty, equality, and fraternity. Citizens have both rights and responsibilities within a democratic system.
Prof andreas eshete tribute to meles zenawi
This document summarizes a speech given in honor of Meles Zenawi, the late Prime Minister of Ethiopia. The summary is:
Meles Zenawi championed two ideals that were central to Ethiopia's development: embracing diversity and advocating for a democratic developmental state. He fought against past injustices of forced assimilation and inequality. By recognizing Ethiopia's diverse cultures in the constitution, he helped overcome resentment and build solidarity. Upholding diversity also respects existing cultural values and identities. Meles believed a developmental state was needed to overcome poverty through economic transformation and development, which would in turn strengthen democracy and social justice. His vision and leadership pursued self-effacing ideals to overcome Ethiopia's unfavor
Democracy in crisis
This document discusses several issues with democracy as it currently exists. It argues that democracy is coming under scrutiny in countries like the US and UK, and is seen as sliding towards oligarchy and autocracy due to money's influence over politics. Lobbying and corruption are seen as polluting the political process. The document questions why democracy is being forcibly exported through violence when it is not even in good shape in Western countries. It concludes that recent events support the view that democracies often "waste, exhaust, and murder themselves."
onsare IHR
This paper critiques Makau Mutua's article "Savages, Victims, and Saviors" which argues that the human rights framework depicts the third world as savage, the individual as victim, and the West as savior. The paper questions whether human rights are a universal concept or Western imposition. It argues that while Mutua makes valid points, he fails to acknowledge weaknesses in third world legal systems that require international involvement. Overall, the paper concludes that while the human rights framework originally had colonial origins, it has developed into a universal concept, not just a Western idea of domination.
Evolution of Democracy by Samruddhi Chepe.pptx
Phase One Assembly Democracy
Starting around 2,500 BCE, in lands now within the territories of Iran, Iraq and Syria
“During the first phase of democracy the seeds of its basic institution – self-government through an assembly of equals – were scattered across many different soils and climes, ranging from the Indian subcontinent and the prosperous Phoenician empire to the western shores of provincial Europe.
These popular assemblies took root, accompanied by various ancillary institutional rules and customs, like written constitutions, the payment of jurors and elected officials, the freedom to speak in public, voting machines, voting by lot and trial before elected or selected juries. There were efforts as well to stop bossy leaders in their tracks, using such methods as the mandatory election of kings…” (The Life and Death of Democracy, p.xvi)
Best-known example – Athens, 5th century BCE
Athenian Democracy
Direct democracy: citizens (about 10% of the population) participated directly in initiating, deliberating, and passing of, the legislation. The Assembly, no less than 6,000 strong (out of 22,000 citizens of Athens), convened about every 10 days. Supreme power to decide on every issue of state policy
Citizen juries: justice is responsibility of citizens (juries composed of 501-1001 citizens)
Appointment of citizens to political office by lot
Citizen-soldiers: every citizen had a duty to serve in the army
Ostracism: a bad politician could be kicked out of office by the people
Phase Two Representative Democracy
Started around 10th-12th centuries in Western Europe with the invention of parliamentary assemblies
Reaches its classic forms in the 18th century. Officially regarded as normative today.
Marquis d’Argenson, Foreign Minister of French King Louis XV, 1765.
Phase Two
The Glorious revolution laid the foundation of the first democratic principles of the Rule of Law.
Earlier it was believed that the king was the ‘representative of the God’ and that the King’s wishes were the law.
The people strongly protested the idea and dethroned King James II of England.
They passed the Bill Of Rights which firmly stated that the country should be governed by the laws passed by the people and not by the whims of the king.
The French Revolution took place between 1789 and 1851.
In the revolution King Louis XVI was executed .
It was decided that the country should be ruled by the laws passed by the people.
It laid down the ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man’ which highlighted that liberty, Equality etc. were important in a Democracy.
In 1792, France became a Republic.
Phase Three Monitory Democracy
(term coined by John Keane)- After World War II
Increase citizen ability to control the state which is organized on the basis of representative democracy
Public integrity commissions Judicial activism Local courts Workplace tribunals Citizens assemblies Think tanks The Internet Etc.
How much power do they have? And whose interests do they serve?
Key
Democratic vs non_democratic_government
Direct democracy allows all citizens to vote directly on policy initiatives. Representative democracy is a system where elected representatives make decisions on behalf of citizens. While democracies aim to give citizens a voice, dictatorships concentrate power in one ruler. Some controversies around democracies include violations of rights, debates around reforms like social security cuts, and tensions between secularism and theocracy in countries with religious laws. Globalization has increased access to information but also censorship in some non-democratic nations.
Democracy
Democracy originated from the Greek words "demos" meaning people and "kratos" meaning rule. The world's first democracy was in Athens in the 5th century BC. Key figures during the Enlightenment like Locke and Montesquieu influenced the rise of democracy. There are three basic forms - direct democracy, representative democracy, and liberal democracy. The pillars of democracy include sovereignty of the people, consent of the governed, majority rule with minority rights, and civil/human rights protections. Democracy aims to have a government that serves the people through rights like voting, free speech, and fair elections.
Conditions for an effective democratcy
The motive behind this paper is exploration of the conditions for effective democracy in multicultural societies and countries. The two principles of social setting in the context of classical parliamentary democracy ensue from a special set of civil and political rights, as basis for cultural identity, which further underlies the collective cultural rights (CCRs) or group-differentiated rights (GDRs). Such setting is initiation into a serious process of changes in classical democracy some authors term concepts of consociational democracy, mosaic societies, pluralistic societies, disjunctive societies, segmented societies, divided societies, etc. That kind of cultural diversity accommodation in the political system of a given democracy is an intricate process that shifts the liberal justice concept and requires a new political system dubbed by some authors as multicultural democracy, and not merely democracy in multicultural societies. This theory is chiefly known as “consociational theory of democracy”.In the study presented in this paper, efforts are made to establish which are the new theoretic and experiential institutions and relations we are to call conditions for an effective multicultural democracy, placing them within conditions on a normative (constitutional) level, within conditions on a legal level of inclusion, as well as conditions concerning such aspects as responsibility and establishment of the political elites of cultural identity groups in consociational democracy, in view of changes to and role of the civil sector. Keywords: conditions for effective democracy in multicultural societies and countries, multicultural democracy, conditions on a normative (constitutional) level, conditions on a legal level of inclusion, conditions concerning responsibility and establishment of the political elites of cultural identity groups in consociational democracy, role of the civil sector
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Tracking "The Blessing" - Christianity · Spiritual Growth · Success
Unleash your spiritual growth journey as a truth-seeker!
Learn More:
👉https://tkg.tf/4D
Tracking "The Blessing" - Christianity · Spiritual Growth · Success
Do you ever feel like your Bible highlighting isn't quite enough to ignite lasting spiritual growth? Have you struggled to retain key takeaways from your Bible study sessions?
Discover how living in 4D can transform your highlighting into a strategic tool for spiritual development.
Learn More:
👉https://tkg.tf/4D
In this video, you'll gain insights on:
How highlighting key verses and themes can enhance memory and retention of Scripture (we see a few key ones, here!)
Studies have shown that highlighting can significantly improve information recall. Highlighting key points visually reinforces them in your mind, leading to better long-term memory.
How to personalize your Bible study through strategic highlighting. Don't just highlight everything!
This video will teach you how to strategically highlight based on what resonates with you, focusing on central themes, recurring ideas, or connections between different passages.
Watch More:
👉https://tkg.tf/4D
How connecting highlighted passages can reveal deeper biblical truths. By highlighting these connections, you can see the bigger picture and uncover the underlying messages within Scripture.
By the end of this video, you'll be equipped to unlock the hidden potential within your highlighted Bible and embark on a transformative spiritual growth journey! Don't forget to like and subscribe for more inspiring content on deepening your faith.
Note: For Christians seeking to enrich their Bible study and deepen their faith, as well as any other spiritual seeker of truth and growth.
Learn More:
👉https://tkg.tf/4D
Is Lucid Dreaming Dangerous? Risks and Benefits!
Lucid Dreaming: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
The ability to control one's dreams or for the dreamer to be aware that he or she is dreaming. This process, called lucid dreaming, has some potential risks as well as many fascinating benefits. However, many people are hesitant to try it initially for fear of the potential dangers. This article aims to clarify these concerns by exploring both the risks and benefits of lucid dreaming.
The Benefits of Lucid Dreaming
Lucid dreaming allows a person to take control of their dream world, helping them overcome their fears and eliminate nightmares. This technique is particularly useful for mental health. By taking control of their dreams, individuals can face challenging scenarios in a controlled environment, which can help reduce anxiety and increase self-confidence.
Addressing Common Concerns
Physical Harm in Dreams Lucid dreaming is fundamentally safe. In a lucid dream, everything is a creation of your mind. Therefore, nothing in the dream can physically harm you. Despite the vividness and realness of the dream experience, it remains entirely within your mental landscape, posing no physical danger.
Mental Health Risks Concerns about developing PTSD or other mental illnesses from lucid dreaming are unfounded. As soon as you wake up, it's clear that the events experienced in the dream were not real. On the contrary, lucid dreaming is often seen as a therapeutic tool for conditions like PTSD, as it allows individuals to reframe and manage their thoughts.
Potential Risks of Lucid Dreaming
While generally safe, lucid dreaming does come with a few risks as well:
Mixing Dream Memories with Reality Long-term lucid dreamers might occasionally confuse dream memories with real ones, creating false memories. This issue is rare and preventable by maintaining a dream journal and avoiding lucid dreaming about real-life people or places too frequently.
Escapism Using lucid dreaming to escape reality can be problematic if it interferes with your daily life. While it is sometimes beneficial to escape and relieve the stress of reality, relying on lucid dreaming for happiness can hinder personal growth and productivity.
Feeling Tired After Lucid Dreaming Some people report feeling tired after lucid dreaming. This tiredness is not due to the dreams themselves but often results from not getting enough sleep or using techniques that disrupt sleep patterns. Taking breaks and ensuring adequate sleep can prevent this.
Mental Exhaustion Lucid dreaming can be mentally taxing if practiced excessively without breaks. It’s important to balance lucid dreaming with regular sleep to avoid mental fatigue.
Lucid dreaming is safe and beneficial if done with caution. It has many benefits, such as overcoming fear and improving mental health, and minimal risks. There are many resources and tutorials available for those interested in trying it.
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian.pptx
Lesson 12 - The Blessed Hope: The Mark of the Christian
SBS – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
"Lift off" by Pastor Mark Behr at North Athens Baptist Church
23 June 2024
Morning Service at North Athens Baptist Church Athens, Michigan
“Lift Off” by Pastor Mark Behr
Scriptures: Luke 24:50-53; Acts 1:6-11.
We are a small country Church in Athens Michigan who loves to reach out to others with the love of God. We worship an Awesome God who loves the whole world and wants everyone to see and understand what He has done for us. (1 Corinthians 15:1-4) We hope you are encouraging by our Sunday Morning sermon videos. If you are ever in the area, please feel free to attend our Sunday Morning Services at North Athens Baptist Church 2020 M Drive South, Athens, Michigan. If you have any question and would like to talk to Pastor Mark, or have prayer request please call the church at (269) 729-553
Sunday School: 9:30 a.m.
Morning Service: 10:45 a.m.
Full Morning Service on Facebook Live at: https://www.facebook.com/groups/nabc2020athensmichigan
Sermon Only Live on YouTube at: https://www.youtube.com/@NABC2020AthensMI
Sermon Only Audio of Morning Sermon at: https://soundcloud.com/user-591083416
He Dies Slowly Slideshow by: Kal-el Marcus
Don't let yourself die slowly!
Don't keep yourself from being happy!
-- Pablo Neruda
(Translated from Spanish)
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Tracking "The Blessing" - Christianity · Spiritual Growth · Success
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"Lift off" by Pastor Mark Behr at North Athens Baptist Church
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Dr Costantinos TEDs lecture
- 1. Dr. BT Costantinoslectures at the School of post Graduate Studies, AAU African Union Board on the Convention to Prevent and Combat Corruption in Africa
- 2. Determinants of the African State Failure Real/imagined threats to power Material well-being of citizens International influences Regime type and re-building country vs. the state De-africanisation of polity
- 3. Purpose in life from Plato to Marx the way you get meaning into your life is to devote your life into loving others, devote yourself to your community around you… … devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning – arts, music, intellectual development and service of the community
- 4. Democratic Citizenship Meaning and context of citizenship ‘liberty’ ‘equality’ ‘fraternity’: 17th and 18th Century Revolutions “a state founded on the will of the people” Political Rules and Institutions: thatpromote, and protect rules of peaceful participation and competition
- 5. Advancing enlightenment Western state model and political domination failed; Alienation of the State -- informal polities parallel to and competitive with the state; Each community has rights and deserves respect; Irrupting into History to a new life;
- 6. Tools for enlightenment: Quality education & learning throughout life Shifting concepts of scholarship
- 7. Enlightenment: Rules and organisations Strength of organisations determines the rules of the game The learning organisation could increase effectiveness Nevertheless, “move ‘beyond’ the ‘learning organisation’” into the ‘developing organisation’
- 8. Philosophical sagacity Ethno-philosophy -the uniquely African world view customary systems, rules,, procedures establish accountability and link the to rights and responsibilities shifting relations: competition, co-operation, and hegemony during enlightenment
- 9. African renaissance distinctive and shared elements, concepts and rules of governance, national and cultural values, traditions of discourse and