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DNA
TYPING
ALI ZAIN
Lecturer
Department of
Biotechnology
OBJECTIVE
1. History
2. Definition
3. Techniques
4. Applications
5. Advantages
6. Disadvantages
PROFESSOR
ALEC
JEFFREY
first application of DNA
typing in forensic science
DEFINITION
• A procedure wherein
DNA extracted from a
biological sample
obtained from an
individual is analyzed
• DNA is processed to
generate a pattern for
each person that is
generally termed as a
'DNA profile'
TECHNIQUES
1. RFLP - Restriction Fragment
Length Polymorphism
2. PCR - Polymerase Chain
Reaction
3. STR - Short Tandem Repeats
4. Mitochondrial DNA Analysis
5. Rapid DNA ID Microchip-
Based Genetic Detectors
RFLP
DNA is cut into fragments by
restriction enzymes
Chops the DNA in two at every place where the
GCGC pattern occurs
GCGCATTGTTGCGCAAGAGCGC
GCGCATTGAATGCAAGTAGCGC
1st person:
2nd person:
GCGCATTGTTGCGCAAGAGCGC
GCGCATTGAATGCAAGTAGCGC
1st person:
2nd person:
GCGCATTGTTGCGCAAGAGCGC
GCGCATTGAATGCAAGTAGCGC
1st person:
2nd person:
GCGCATTGTTGCGCAAGAGCGC
GCGCATTGAATGCAAGTAGCGC
1st person:
2nd person:
2 small fragments
1 large fragments
STR
SOURCES OF BIOLOGICAL
EVIDENCES
• Blood
• Teeth
• Semen
• Saliva
• Hair
• Urine
• Bone
• Tissue
APPLICATIONS
• Paternity disputes
• Maternity resolution
• Establishment of biological
relationship
• Identification of rapist
• Identification of bodies in
exhumation cases
DNA TYPING IN PATERNITY TEST
ADVANTAGES
• Require Small Sample
• Can be applied on very
old stains
• Most conclusive method
DISADVANTAGES
• Cannot differentiate
identical twins
• Very expensive
• Interpretation of results
requires a great deal of
expertise and experience
THANK YOU

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DNA Typing.pptx