DNA FINGERPRINTING :- “DNA fingerprinting is a technique that shows the genetic makeup of living things. It is a method of finding the difference between the satellite DNA regions in the genome.” Content:- 1) Introduction : What is DNA Fingerprinting? 2) Biological samples used 3) Discovery : Who invented DNA Fingerprinting? 4) Procedure : Basic steps and procedure for DNA Fingerprinting 5) Application : Various applications of DNA Fingerprinting

1. D N A F I N G E R P R I N T I N G
PRESENTED BY : HRUTUJA RAJENDRA CHAVHAN
M.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (SEM III)
2 0 2 2 - 2 0 2 3
YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN ARTS, COMMERCE & SCIENCE COLLEGE, LAKHANDUR.

2. INTRODUCTION
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES
DISCOVERY
PROCEDURE
APPLICATIONS
CONTENTS

3. M.Sc MICROBIOLOGY
S E M I I I 2 N D Y E A R
HRUTUJA RAJENDRA
CHAVHAN
WHAT IS
DNA FINGERPRINTING ?
DNA fAAAArprAAtAAAA also callAA DNA tApAAAA
DNA profAlAAAA AAAAtAc fAAAArprAAtAAAA
AAAotApAAAA or AAAAtAtA tAstAAAA AA AAAAtAcsA mAthoA
of AsolatAAA aAA AAAAtAfAAAA varAablA AlAmAAts
wAthAA thA basAApaAr sAAuAAcA of DNA
(AAoAArAboAuclAAc acAA)A

4. BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES USED
FOR DNA FINGERPRINTING ?
82
Enter title
B L O O D H A I R S A L I V A S E M E N
BODY TISSUE CELLS
DNA samples obtained from
vaginal cells transferred to
the outside of a condom
during sexual intercourse.

5. WHO INVENTED
DNA FINGERPRINTING ?
Sir Alec Jeffreys
British geneticist
DISCOVERY OF THE
DNA FINGERPRINT
DNA fingerprinting was invented in 10
September 1984 by Professor Sir Alec
Jeffreys after he realised you could detect
variations in human DNA, in the form of
these minisatellites.

6. Steps involved in DNA Fingerprinting Technique:
1) DNA Sample.
2) Extraction of DNA.
3) Cleavage of DNA by Restriction Endonucleases.
4) Gel Electrophoresis to seperate DNA fragments.
5) Southern blotting techniques.
6) Hybridization of DNA.
7) Autoradiography to obtain DNA bands.
8) Develop and visualize DNA fingerprints.

7. STEP 1: DNA SAMPLE :
• Only a small amount
of blood, hairs,or skin
is needed to isolate
DNA.
STEP 2: EXTRACTION OF
DNA :
• DNA sample must be
recovered from cells
or tissue.

8. STEP 3: CLEAVAGE OF DNA BY
RESTRICTION
ENDONUCLEASE:
• The DNA is cut into fragments
using restriction enzymes.
• Each restriction enzymes cuts
DNA at a specific base sequence.
• The sections of DNA that are cut
out are called restriction
fragments.
• Commonly used RE are (hae III,
Hinf I, Alu I, etc.)

9. STEP 4: GEL ELECTROPHORESIS TO
SEPERATE DNA FRAGMENTS
• Fragments are seperated on the
basis of size using a process
called gel electrophoresis .
• DNA fragments are injected into
wells and an electric current is
applied along the gel.
• DNA is negatively charged so it
is attracted to the positive end of
the gel.

10. STEP 5: SOUTHERN BLOTTING
TECHNIQUES
• The DNA fragments are
transferred to a nitrocellulose
membrane sheet by placing the
sheet on the gel and soaking
them overnight by the process
southern blot.
• Adding radioactive or coloured
probes to the sheet which is
complementary to target
sequences.

11. STEP 6: HYBRIDIZATION OF DNA
• Labeled probe dna should be
hybridized with the complementary
sequences located on
nitrocellulose/nylone membrane
for the detection of position of later
• membrane is washed to remove
non specific binding and clearing
of the background.

12. STEP 7: AUTORADIOGRAPHY
• To detect the sequence in genome
bound with the hybridized radioactive
probe on membrane.
• Technique involves alignment of
hybridized membrane with X-ray film.
• The X-ray film alter its development
shows multiple no. of bands that looks
like bar codes and konwn as DNA
Fingeprinting.

13. STEP 8: DEVELOP & VISUALIZE DNA
FINGERPRINTS.
• Analysis of band patterns of
different individuals.
• Comparison of position of
bands.

15. APPLICATIONS OF
DNA FINGERPRINTING
Individuality– It helps to differentiate one
human being from another with the
exception of monozygotic twins.
Paternity or Maternity Disputes– It helps
to find out the real genetic mother, father
and offspring.
Human Lineage– It is also used to study
human lineages.
Hereditary Diseases– It is used to
identify genes connected with hereditary
diseases.
Forensics– It is very helpful in the
detection of crime and legal pursuits.
Sociology– It helps to identify racial
groups, their origin, historical migration
and invasions.

17. T H A N K S
SUBMITTED TO : DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
HRUTUJA RAJENDRA
CHAVHAN
M.Sc MICROBIOLOGY
S E M I I I 2 N D Y E A R
TOPIC: DNA
FINGERPRINTING