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DNA Fingerprinting
Why Use DNA Fingerprinting?
 DNA fingerprinting is a way of telling individuals
of the same species apart
 DNA sequences are variable and can therefore
be used as identifying characteristics.
 DNA fingerprinting has advantages over other
sources of evidence (fingerprints, blood type,
etc.):
– Highly accurate.
– Can be gathered from trace crime scene evidence.
How do you take a DNA fingerprint?
 One way: Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphisms (huh?)  aka RFLP
 Restriction enzymes are molecules that
can cut DNA into pieces --> each enzyme
cuts at a very specific DNA sequence
 While all human beings share roughly the
same DNA sequence, there are in fact a
small number of differences  these
differences can be seen by restriction
enzymes
RFLP Animation
Individual 1
A B C D E
DNA
Individual 2
A B C D
Individual 1 vs. Individual 2
A B C D
Individual 2
A B C D E
Individual 1
Summary
 Essentially, once the DNA has been cut by
the enzymes, we will have DNA fragments
of various sizes
 Each individual’s banding patterns should be
different because the restriction enzymes
will cut each person’s DNA at different
points
 Fragments of different sizes will travel
different distances along a gel when an
electric current is passed through it
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Different banding patterns from different individuals

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DNA Fingerprinting.ppt

  • 2. Why Use DNA Fingerprinting?  DNA fingerprinting is a way of telling individuals of the same species apart  DNA sequences are variable and can therefore be used as identifying characteristics.  DNA fingerprinting has advantages over other sources of evidence (fingerprints, blood type, etc.): – Highly accurate. – Can be gathered from trace crime scene evidence.
  • 3. How do you take a DNA fingerprint?  One way: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (huh?)  aka RFLP  Restriction enzymes are molecules that can cut DNA into pieces --> each enzyme cuts at a very specific DNA sequence  While all human beings share roughly the same DNA sequence, there are in fact a small number of differences  these differences can be seen by restriction enzymes
  • 5. Individual 1 A B C D E DNA
  • 7. Individual 1 vs. Individual 2 A B C D Individual 2 A B C D E Individual 1
  • 8. Summary  Essentially, once the DNA has been cut by the enzymes, we will have DNA fragments of various sizes  Each individual’s banding patterns should be different because the restriction enzymes will cut each person’s DNA at different points  Fragments of different sizes will travel different distances along a gel when an electric current is passed through it
  • 9. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis Different banding patterns from different individuals