Greek architecture flourished between 900 BC to 1st century AD, producing temples and civic buildings. The Greeks originated three classical orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - which are characterized by distinct column designs. Ancient Greek history is divided into the Greek Dark Ages, Archaic Period, Classical Period, and Hellenistic Period. During these periods, Greek architecture and arts advanced, with temples representing the most essential building type.

1. GREEK
BY:- DIVYA BALANI

2. GREEKARCHITECTURE
🠶 produced by the Greek-speaking people (Hellenic people)
whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland,
the Peloponnese, theAegean Islands, and in colonies
in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until
the 1st centuryAD.
🠶 Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples,
many of which are found throughout the region, mostly as
ruins but many substantially intact.
🠶 Created equilibrate and proportional works.
🠶 Greeks are credited with originating the three orders of the
classical language of architecture, Doric, Ionic and
Corinthian.

3. HISTORY
🠶 Greek civilization is the first major civilization in
Europe
🠶 The period of ancient Greek history can be divided
into four as follows:
🠶 1100 B. C. – 750 B. C. Greek Dark Ages
🠶 750 B. C. – 500 B. C. Archaic Period
🠶 5000 B. C. – 323 B. C. Classical Period
🠶 323 B. C. – 147 B. C. Hellenistic Period

4. ARCHAIC PERIOD
(750 B.C. - 500 B.C.)
🠶 The revival of Greece from the dark ages
started during the eight century BC
🠶 The Greeks developed a new political form
called city states(POLIS)- ruled as
independent nations
🠶 The archaic period saw the renewal interest in
overseas trading contact
🠶 The archaic period marked the rise of the
aristocratic families; families that are
considered noble or of higher status
🠶 Such tyrants stimulated the development of
the arts through their patronage

5. CLASSICAL PERIOD
(500 - 323 BC)
🠶 It is the period of democracy
🠶 Every art manifestation reached its
zenith
🠶 it is the period of political, economic
and cultural expansion of the polis

6. HELLENISTIC PERIOD
(323 - 147 BC)
🠶 The period saw the transplanting of
Greek art, civic life and culture to
newly conquered areas
🠶 The period also saw a marked
increase in interest in civic buildings
🠶 The Hellenistic period ended in 147
BC, when the Roman Empire
conquered Greece and incorporated
the city states into it

7. HELLENISTIC PERIOD
(323 - 147 BC)
🠶 The period also saw a marked
increase in interest in civic buildings
🠶 The Hellenistic period ended in 147
BC, when the Roman Empire
conquered Greece and incorporated
the city states into it

8. RELIGION
➢ Ancient Greek theology was polytheistic, based on
the assumption that there were many gods and
goddesses.
• ZEUS – King of Gods, Sky-God
• POSEIDON – God of Sea and Earthquake
• HADES – God of Death, Underworld
• HELIOS – God of Sun
• APHRODITE – God of Love, Beauty, Pleasure
➢ The Greeks believed in an underworld where the
spirits of the dead went after death.

9. THE ORDERS
➢Refer to the entire set of form that makes up
the principal elevation of a temple.
• Base
• Upright column or support
with its capital
• Horizontal entablature

10. THE ORDERS
➢Columns were understood by the Greeks to
be anthropomorphic or representative of the
body of a human
➢The base suggests the feet, the shaft the
torso and the capital the head.
➢Each order had its own conventions about
the design of the entablature and divided into
3 sections:
• CORNICE
• FRIEZE
• ARCHITRAVE

11. DORIC ORDER
➢ Represents the proportions of a man’s
body, its strength and beauty.
➢ Made up of three elements
• Stylobate - a podium raised three
steps on which the temple sits
• Column
• Entablature
➢A square capital
➢ Had a height of between 5 and 6
times its diameter
➢ Shaft is usually divided into 20 shallow flutes.

12. DORIC ORDER
➢ A characteristic of the Doric
order is the use of entasis
Entasis - refers to the practice
of optical correction in Greek Doric
temples
➢The best example of the application
of entasis is found in the Parthenon

13. IONIC ORDER
➢ The Ionic column is said to represent
the shape of a women with its
delicacy and feminine slenderness.
➢The Ionic order evolved and its
name from Ionia in modern
day Turkey
➢ The ionic column including the
capital and base had a height of 9
to 10 times its diameter
➢ It had 24 flutes
➢ The Ionic order had a capital dev
eloped from a pair of volute about
two-thirds the diameter of the
column in height

14. IONIC ORDER
➢ At the corner of rectangular buildings,
an angular volute had to be used.
➢One of the limitations of the Ionic order is
that it is designed to be seen
from the front only

15. CORINTHIAN ORDER
➢The Corinthian column, the most
beautifully ornate of the three orders
represents the figure of a maiden
➢The Corinthian order takes its name from
the city of Corinth in Greece
➢It however appeared to have been
developed in Athens in the 5th century BC
➢ This order is similar in its proportions to
the Ionic order but has a different capital

16. CORINTHIAN ORDER
➢The core of the capital is shaped like an
inverted bell.
➢The bell-like capital is decorated with
rows of carved acanthus leaves
➢Because of its symmetry, the Corinthian
capital unlike the ionic capital is designed
to be seen from all directions

18. ARCHITECTURE:
BASIS
🠶 It is an architecture to be seen (temple)
▪ Sculptural values, volumes
▪ Building is conceived as an sculpture
🠶 Beauty= Proportion and Measure
▪ conceived from the human point of view
▪ is anti-colossal
🠶 Temple is the essential building, residence of god, not a
place for people

19. BUILDING
SYSTEM
🠶 Dominant lines are horizontal and vertical
🠶 The column is the essential element
🠶 Walls are made of regular ashlars
🠶 Buildings were polychrome
🠶 Building materials were limestone and white
marble

20. GREEK
TEMPLE

21. STRUCTURE
- Rectangular Plans
- Longitudinal Axes
- Circular Plan
Internal Distribution
-PRONAOS: Open Entrance
- NAOS or CELLA: Chapel for God’s image
-OPISTODOMOS: Room for holding the
treasure of the temple

22. TEMPLE
TYPOLOGY

23. ANTA
(TEMPLE IN ANTIS)
🠶 Pillars of the side
exceed the wall

24. THOLOS
🠶 Circular Temple

25. AMPHIPROSTYLE
🠶 Columns in both
facade

26. PROSTYLE
🠶 Columns only in
one facade

27. DIPTERAL
🠶 Double columns
around the building

28. PERIPTERAL
🠶 Columns around
the building

29. PSEUDOPERIPTRAL

30. PSEUDODIPTERAL

31. 🠶 PROPYLEA- ORPORCH WAS A
MONUMENTAL ENTRANCE
TO A TEMENOS OR HOLY AREA
🠶AGORA- commercial center of the city
🠶 PALESTRA OR GYMNASIUM- the
centre for male citizens
🠶THEATRE- was used for meeting and
dramatic performances
🠶 STOA- A long narrow hall with an open
colonnade that was used as exhibition room
social
🠶 ODEON- Small theatre

32. STRUCTURES