applied chemistry 9

1. Learning Competency:
Determine the types of solutions
and perform stoichiometric
calculations for reactions in
solution

2. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two
or more components in which the particle
size is smaller than 1 nm. Common
examples of solutions are the sugar in water
and salt in water solutions, soda water

3. Dissolution is the breaking
apart of the components so
they can roughly mix
3

4. 4
Solutions have two
components:
1.Solute-component(s) that is/are
being dissolved
2.Solvent-The component that
dissolves the other component

5. Generally solvent is present in major
proportion compared to the solute.
The amount of solute is lesser than
the solvent.
5

6. The solute and solvent can be
in any state of matter i.e.
solid, liquid and gas.Solutions
that are in the liquid state
consist of a solid, liquid or gas
dissolved in a liquid solvent.
Alloys and air are examples of
solid and gaseous solutions
respectively.

7. Types of Solution

8. 8
Types of Solutions and Some Example
Solute Solvent Example
Gaseous Solutions
gas gas air
Liquid Solutions
Solid liquid Salt and water
liquid liquid Rubbing alcohol
gas liquid Carbonated water
Solid Solution
solid solid Brass(copper and
zinc alloy)
liquid solid Amalgam of
mercury with
sodium
gas solid marshmallows

10. 10

12. In terms of phase, a
solution can be
classified as gaseous,
solid or liquid.
12

13. Can you think of other
examples of gaseous,
solid or liquid solutions
that you encounter in
your daily activities?
13

14. 14
Air is an example of a gaseous solution.
It is the combination of nitrogen,
oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases.
Certain alloys such as brass (solution of
zinc and copper) and coinage silver
(solution of copper and silver) are
examples of solid solutions. Seawater
and blood are examples of liquid
solutions.

15. 15
Solutions are also classified as
dilute and concentrated based on
the relative amounts of components
of the solution.
When the solute is present in small
amounts, the solution is said to be
dilute
But when the solute is present in
considerably significant amounts, the
solution is said to be concentrated

16. 16
Solution Solute Solvent Type
1.Household
vinegar (5%
acetic acid and
water)
2.Mercury gold
amalgam in
tooth fillings
3.Methane gas
released in air
4.70% isopropyl
alcohol solution
5.Bronze
alloy(90%copper
and 10% tin)
Direction:Identify the type of solution and its
components:solute and solvent

17. Suspension
-Heterogenous mixture
As you can see, the sand is not dissolved
in water; it is merely suspended in it. The
suspension produced is not also clear; it is
actually opaque. And upon standing, you
can see that the sand is slowly settling. In
this regard, the composition of suspension
is actually changing as the sand settles in,

18. “like dissolves like”
This expression means that when two substances of same intermolecular
forces and magnitude are mixed, they are likely to be soluble to one another.
Take for example salt (NaCl) and water (H2O) which are both polar. When
these two substances are mixed, the attraction between NaCl and H2O
molecules has the same magnitude to the forces between NaCl molecules
and between H2O molecules.
the measure of how much solute will dissolve
in a solvent at a specific temperature.
Solubility-

19. .
Miscibility is the term used when two liquids
are completely soluble with one another in all
proportions while solubility is the term used
when a solid or gas is completely soluble in
liquid in all proportions. For example, alcohol
and water are miscible to one another.

20. .
In order to clearly understand solutions,
we must know how much of the solute is
present in the solution and also how to
control the amounts of solute used to
bring about a saturated, unsaturated or
supersaturated solution

21. Saturated solution-
ow about if the atom has 64 protons, how many
lectrons does this atom have?

22. Atoms, in their
most stable
state are
neutral with an
equal number
of protons
and electrons.
Something to think
about
So, let us say an
atom has 5
electrons, how
many protons
does this atom
have?

23. One more time:
# of protons=
# of electrons=
# of neutrons=
Atomic #=
Mass number # =

24. Check Up
Quiz (4)
On your notebook, answer the
following:

25. Enumeration
1-9 List the 3
subparticles of an atom
with their charges and
location, (in or outside
the nucleus)
10. If a neutral atom
has 4 electrons, how
many protons are there?

26. True or False
11. A neutral atom has a negative one
charge.
12. In a neutral atom, if there are 6
electrons there are also 6 protons.
13. A table, a chair, a sweater contain
charges.
14. Electrons are transferred when a
material is rubbed with another material
and this is called static electricity.
15. When a negative charged object is
put near to a positive charged object, the
two objects will repel.
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31. Let’s review some
concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
31
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.

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