This lecture on veterinary obstetrics describes the placenta formation and its types in domestic animals. The lecture would be useful for students, practitioners, and researchers.
Electrocardiography for the Veterinary Technicianupstatevet
Agnieszka Kent, DVM, DACVIM (Cardiology)
The goal of this lecture is to improve technician comfort with ECG interpretation. We will briefly discuss how to get good quality ECGs to optimize interpretation. This lecture will include a review of basic cardiac electrophysiology that will lead to developing a systematic approach for ECG evaluation. We will review recognition of common arrhythmias, including supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias as well as bradyarrhythmias, and hope to make this an interactive “wetlab” type lecture. We will also review some common therapies for the arrhythmias discussed.
Blood parasites have been subject of extensive research since the beginning of the 20th century. The presence of haemoparasites in animals is very common. In this presentation I presented the most common parasites.
Dr. Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
DVM, M.Phil CMS
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
This lecture on veterinary obstetrics describes the placenta formation and its types in domestic animals. The lecture would be useful for students, practitioners, and researchers.
Electrocardiography for the Veterinary Technicianupstatevet
Agnieszka Kent, DVM, DACVIM (Cardiology)
The goal of this lecture is to improve technician comfort with ECG interpretation. We will briefly discuss how to get good quality ECGs to optimize interpretation. This lecture will include a review of basic cardiac electrophysiology that will lead to developing a systematic approach for ECG evaluation. We will review recognition of common arrhythmias, including supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias as well as bradyarrhythmias, and hope to make this an interactive “wetlab” type lecture. We will also review some common therapies for the arrhythmias discussed.
Blood parasites have been subject of extensive research since the beginning of the 20th century. The presence of haemoparasites in animals is very common. In this presentation I presented the most common parasites.
Dr. Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
DVM, M.Phil CMS
University of Agriculture Faisalabad
In this book following points has been defined and described.
Define anatomy
Discuss the different fields of anatomy
Identify and describe the integumentary system
Identify and describe the musculoskeletal system
Identify and describe the cardiovascular system
Identify and describe the lymphatic system
Identify and describe the digestive system
Identify and describe the respiratory system
Identify and describe the endocrine system
Identify and describe the urinary system
Identify and describe the reproductive system
Identify and describe the nervous system and special senses
Exfoliative vaginal cytology help to determine the stage of estrus, is very simple method, cost-effective and comparatively accurate test for predicting the she dogs fit for breeding.
This Chicken Leg Dissection walkthrough is one very small part of a larger science unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit comes with a bundled homework package, detailed lesson notes, worksheets, review games, and much more. The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit uses a 13 Part 8,500 slide interactive PowerPoint full of critical class notes, review opportunities, video and academic links, and much more to deliver an entire unit of study. Learn more at www.sciencepowerpoint.com
In this book following points has been defined and described.
Define anatomy
Discuss the different fields of anatomy
Identify and describe the integumentary system
Identify and describe the musculoskeletal system
Identify and describe the cardiovascular system
Identify and describe the lymphatic system
Identify and describe the digestive system
Identify and describe the respiratory system
Identify and describe the endocrine system
Identify and describe the urinary system
Identify and describe the reproductive system
Identify and describe the nervous system and special senses
Exfoliative vaginal cytology help to determine the stage of estrus, is very simple method, cost-effective and comparatively accurate test for predicting the she dogs fit for breeding.
This Chicken Leg Dissection walkthrough is one very small part of a larger science unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit comes with a bundled homework package, detailed lesson notes, worksheets, review games, and much more. The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit uses a 13 Part 8,500 slide interactive PowerPoint full of critical class notes, review opportunities, video and academic links, and much more to deliver an entire unit of study. Learn more at www.sciencepowerpoint.com
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
2. Classification:
Phylum : Chordata
Sub-Phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Mammalia
Order : Lagomorpha
Genus : Oryctolagus
Species : cuniculus
Oryctolagus cuniculus
3. Digestive System:
The first incision opened up the abdominal cavity. The digestive organs were the
largest and most obvious physical features.
esophagus
stomach
small intestines (265 cm long)
large intestines (40 cm long)
The initial cut into the abdominal
cavity exposes the small and
large intestines, and the lower
part of the stomach.
4. The organs of the abdominal cavity removed: small and
large intestines, stomach, and the liver.
5. Unraveled, the small intestines
measured approximately 265 cm in
length. The large intestines were 40
cm long.
Cutting into the stomach reveals some of
the rabbit’s last meal. The pH is close to 1.
Pancreas
6. The esophagus connects the
mouth to the stomach. As
such it runs through the
thoracic cavity, behind the
lungs, and through the
thoracic diaphragm to get to
the stomach.
The diaphragm is the sheet of
skeletal muscle used for
breathing that separates the
abdominal and thoracic
cavities.
7. Excretory and Water Regulation Organs:
Also in the abdominal cavity are the excretory/water regulation organs.
Kidneys
Urinary Bladder
ureters (from kidneys)
urethra (going out)
The kidneys and ureter can
be seen in the abdominal
cavity.
8. The urinary bladder
can be seen in the
lower abdominal
cavity. It is most easily
visible if it still
contains some urine.
10. Thoracic Cavity:
Cardiovascular system:
The thoracic cavity is opened up after the abdominal cavity by cutting through
the bones of the chest.
heart
capillaries
heart valves
The heart and major arteries (e.g.
the aorta) can be seen in the
thoracic cavity.
11. Respiratory System:
lungs
trachaea
diaphram
Only the organs of the
respiratory system in the
thoracic cavity were identified.
Note that the heart is also
visible, as are the stomach and
liver at the left of the image.
13. Skeletal System:
vertebra
ribs
sternum
pelvic girdle
scapula
clavicle
Removal of the organs of
the major cavities reveals
the ribs and sternum
(which had to be cut
through to get into the
thoracic cavity) and the
spinal column.