The document summarizes various diseases that affect honey bees, including protozoan diseases like Nosema and Amoebic disease, bacterial diseases like American and European Foulbrood, fungal diseases like Chalkbrood and Stonebrood, viral diseases like Thai Sac Brood and Acute/Chronic Bee Paralysis, and mite-caused diseases like Acarosis and Varroasis. It provides details on the causal organisms, symptoms, affected stages, infection sites, and management approaches for each disease.
Immature stages of insects and Its types (Classification)Mogili Ramaiah
Life cycle of an insect can be complete or incomplete which posses different stages in the biology. If it is complete metamorphosis, it consists of egg, larvae, pupa and adult or incomplete metamorphosis with egg, nymph and adult. In the case of insects with complete development show complete metamorphosis with all immature stages that vary in size, shape and form or structure i.e., egg larvae and pupae differing each individually. Hence, different types of egg, larvae and pupae are described in this PPT (Basic Classification)
In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
Immature stages of insects and Its types (Classification)Mogili Ramaiah
Life cycle of an insect can be complete or incomplete which posses different stages in the biology. If it is complete metamorphosis, it consists of egg, larvae, pupa and adult or incomplete metamorphosis with egg, nymph and adult. In the case of insects with complete development show complete metamorphosis with all immature stages that vary in size, shape and form or structure i.e., egg larvae and pupae differing each individually. Hence, different types of egg, larvae and pupae are described in this PPT (Basic Classification)
In this PPT slides you will come to know about the different kinds of pest which is infesting in WHEAT plant. And also you will come to know about their management practices and also you will have an knowledge about some common chemicals which is being uses to eradicate the pests/diseases infesting in wheat plant.
Mass production technology of helicoverpa armigera Babita Kaushal
Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) an agricultural pest has been recorded to feed on more than 180 cultivated and wild plant species. The cotton bollworm is a threat to intensive agriculture. Its economic importance as a pest is exaggerated due to its direct violence on fruiting construction, voracious feeding habit, high mobility and fecundity, as well as adaptable in nature. Annual losses due to this pest worldwide are estimated in billions of dollars. Helicoverpa armigera is a serious polyphagous plant pest-made invasion all over the world and now still occupying many continents. It is the only highly serious quarantine agricultural pest for several countries. Helicoverpa armigera. Polyphagous pest The young larva feeds on tender leaves, buds, flowers. Bores into the pods and feeds on the seeds. A single larva may destroy 30-40 pods before it reaches maturity.
Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly 1 mm long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are predators. Entomologists have described approximately 6,000 species.
Most destructive insect devastating the cotton fields of Adilabad district.The presentation has rich in content with realistic photos and management practices.
Mango Hopper
They are the most dreaded pests of Mango Plant
Suck the sap
Damage tender plant shoot
Damage the buds,leaves,fruit, inflorescence
Destruct the fruit setting
Distrust the inflorescence
Mass production technology of helicoverpa armigera Babita Kaushal
Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) an agricultural pest has been recorded to feed on more than 180 cultivated and wild plant species. The cotton bollworm is a threat to intensive agriculture. Its economic importance as a pest is exaggerated due to its direct violence on fruiting construction, voracious feeding habit, high mobility and fecundity, as well as adaptable in nature. Annual losses due to this pest worldwide are estimated in billions of dollars. Helicoverpa armigera is a serious polyphagous plant pest-made invasion all over the world and now still occupying many continents. It is the only highly serious quarantine agricultural pest for several countries. Helicoverpa armigera. Polyphagous pest The young larva feeds on tender leaves, buds, flowers. Bores into the pods and feeds on the seeds. A single larva may destroy 30-40 pods before it reaches maturity.
Thrips (order Thysanoptera) are minute (mostly 1 mm long or less), slender insects with fringed wings and unique asymmetrical mouthparts. Different thrips species feed mostly on plants by puncturing and sucking up the contents, although a few are predators. Entomologists have described approximately 6,000 species.
Most destructive insect devastating the cotton fields of Adilabad district.The presentation has rich in content with realistic photos and management practices.
Mango Hopper
They are the most dreaded pests of Mango Plant
Suck the sap
Damage tender plant shoot
Damage the buds,leaves,fruit, inflorescence
Destruct the fruit setting
Distrust the inflorescence
Honey bees are affected in the Pests, disease, age of queen all affect colony health Fungi, viruses, protozoa, bacteria,
insects etc. Types of Diseases and Control measures are included. Parasites and diseases
insect and non insect pest and disease of honeybees.pptxDev Superio
This come under experiential learning program.This will cover topic like insect ,non insect pests and diseases of honeybees and their management and colony collapse disorder.
This will be helpful for those who are entitled under this prograame.
PowerPoint presentation for online FAMACHA certification in 2020. Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland Extension. You can apply for online FAMACHA certification by watching this video, passing quiz, and submitting video of yourself demonstrating proper FAMACHA scoring. If you meet the certification requirements, you will receive a certificate of competence and be able to purchase a FAMACHA card from the University of Maryland. If you are interested, contact Susan Schoenian at sschoen@umd.edu.
At Taste Of Middle East, we believe that food is not just about satisfying hunger, it's about experiencing different cultures and traditions. Our restaurant concept is based on selecting famous dishes from Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other Arabic countries to give our customers an authentic taste of the Middle East
Key Features of The Italian Restaurants.pdfmenafilo317
Filomena, a renowned Italian restaurant, is renowned for its authentic cuisine, warm environment, and exceptional service. Recognized for its homemade pasta, traditional dishes, and extensive wine selection, we provide a true taste of Italy. Its commitment to quality ingredients and classic recipes has made it a adored dining destination for Italian food enthusiasts.
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Piccola Cucina is regarded as the best restaurant in Brooklyn and as the best Italian restaurant in NYC. We offer authentic Italian cuisine with a Sicilian touch that elevates the entire fine dining experience. We’re the first result when someone searches for where to eat in Brooklyn or the best restaurant near me.
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
4. ACAROSIS (The Honey Bee Tracheal Mite)
⚫Also known as Acarine disease, Isle of
Wight ( because itwas observed in Isle of
Wight in 1904).
⚫CAUSAL AGENT- honey bee tracheal
mite, Acarapis woodi, a small parasitic
mite. It affects mostly the tracheaand
body fluid.
Natureof damage:-
⚫It infects worker, drone and queen honey
bees. mites liveand reproduce in trachea.
⚫Theypierce the tracheal tubewalls & feed
on the hemolymphof the bees.
⚫feeding on blood & depositing their faeces
in the passage.
STAGE OF INFECTION:- adult
5. PLACE OF INFECTION: Trachea and body f luid
MANAGEMENT:-
⚫Useof grease patties ( typically made from 1 partvegetable
shortenings mixed with 3-4 parts powdered sugar) placed
on top bars of the hive. Menthol allowed tovaporize from
crystal form or mixed into thegrease patties.
⚫Useof resistant hybrid bees known as Buckfast bee,
developed by Brother Adamat the Buckfast Abbey.
⚫Cotton soaked in Methyl salcilateand placed under the hive
in flat perforated lid.
⚫Destruction of affected colony.
⚫Smoke fumigationwith Chlorobenzilate
Timeof Treatment: Spring and earlysummer
6. VARROASIS (The Varroa Mite)
⚫CAUSAL AGENT: Asiaticvarroa
mite, Varroa destructor.
Symptoms:
⚫Varroa reproduce on honey bee
pupaeand feed on bee hemolymph.
⚫Varroa are also known tocarry and
vector bee viruses that are
particularlydamaging to the bees.
⚫Varroa infestations can cause
irreversibledamage to honey bees
that can lead to honey bee colony
losses.
STAGE OF INFECTION: Larval
7. PLACE OF INFECTION: Body and body fluid i.e.
haemolymph
MANAGEMENT:
⚫Apivar: Apivar is effectiveagainstvarroa mites, Apistan-
resistant varroa mites, and Checkmite+ resistant varroa
mites.
⚫Using 65% formicacid
⚫Mite Away Quick Strip (MAQS): MAQS is a 7-day, single
application mite control product registered for use against
varroaand tracheal mites.
Timeof control: Spring and early summer
9. NOSEMOSIS (Nosema Disease)
⚫ CAUSALAGENT: Nosema apis
and Nosema ceranae.
⚫ that infects the intestinal tractof
adult bees. It is a serious adult
disease.
SYMPTOMS:-
⚫ Bees become dysenteric with
distened abdomenwith faeces,
shining and swollenabdomen.
⚫ Affected worker bees have
disjointed wings & are found
crawling nearthe hiveentrance.
⚫ On dissection of the infested
bees, the mid intestine is seen
swollen & dull greyish-white in
colouras it is full of spores.
⚫ Many bees loose body hairs.
Hind gut is
inflamed
by protozoa
10. STAGE OF INFECTION: Adult
SITE OF INFECTION: Stomach
MANAGEMENT:-
⚫Feed theaffected colony with Entakon M @ 455mg/lt. Of
sugarsyrupat weekly interval.
⚫Sterilisation of brood boxes and frame hives with Glacial
aceticacid fumes (soaked in cotton or rag at 120ml/hive) or
40% formalin fumesonly after thequeen and the bees have
transferred to new foundation combs.
Timeof Treatment: Spring & Winter
11. AMOEBIC DISEASE:
CAUSAL AGENT: Malpighamoeba mellifeicae
SITE OF INFECTION: malpighian tubules.
SYMPTOMS:
⚫ The beesget infected by ingesting the cysts
which accumulate in the posteriorend of the
midgutor in the rectum.
⚫ The cysts get loose, swollen and enter the
glassy malpighian tubules entering intestine
and show faecal matterat that place.
⚫ Mostlydominant in April and May.
MANAGEMENT:
⚫ Onlyway tocontrol is by proper hygieneand
by the disinfection of equipments by 2%
carbolic acid. Transferring of bees to a
fumigated box.
13. AMERICAN FOUL BROOD(AFB)
(Dreadly disease)
⚫CAUSAL AGENT- Paenibacillus
larvae larvae.
⚫ It is the most widespread and
destructive of the honey bee
brood diseases. It affEcts queen,
drone, and worker larvaealike.
PLACE OF INFECTION – Gut
SYMPTOMS-
turn dark brown and later
changes into sticky mass
producing foul smell (Infected
larvaedarken and die)
Dead Pupae
Irregularand sunken brood
14. STAGE INFECTED – larvae
MANAGEMENT – Hive tocompletely Useof antibiotics
such as oxytetracycline hydrochloride (terramycin)
and tylosin tartrate Dusting the combs with
sulphathiazole powder Dipping the hive partsin hot
paraffin wax or a 3%sodium hypochlorite
solution(bleach)
Burning of infested comb
15. EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD :
CAUSAL ORGANISM-Melissococcus
plutonius, Bacillus pluton
(bacterium)
PLACE OF INFECTION-Mid-gut
SYMPTOMS –
⚫The diseased larvae turns yellow
and then brown and the tracheal
system becomes visible.
⚫ Larvae dies in a coiled stage
causing foul smell. Cells are poorly
capped and mixed with normal
cells.
16. STAGE INFECTED-Larvae
MANAGEMENT-
⚫Use of oxytetracycline hydrochloride
⚫The ‘Shook Swarm techniqueof bee husbandry can
also be used toeffectivelycontrol thedisease
18. CHALK BROOD (Kalkbrut disease):
⚫CAUSAL
ORGANISM:Ascosphaera apis
⚫PLACE OF INFECTION:Gut
⚫SYMPTOMS :The fungus will
consume the rest of the larva’s
body, causing it toappearwhite
and ‘chalky’.
⚫STAGE INFECTED:larvae
⚫MANAGEMENT:Preventduring
wetspring .Transferof healthy
bees intoanother bee hive
.Increase theventilation through
the hive.
19. STONE BROOD (Steinbrut disease):
⚫ CAUSAL ORGANISM- Aspergillus
fumigates, A. flavus and A. niger
PLACE OF INFECTION-Alimentarycanal
SYMPTOMS –
⚫ Dead larvae turn black and becomedifficult
tocrush, hence the name stone brood
⚫ Fungus erupts from the integument of the
larva and forms a false skin and larvae are
covered with powdery fungal spores
STAGE INFECTED-Larvaeand adults
MANAGEMENT-Sterilizationof the hivewith
formaldehyde fumes
21. THAI SAC BROOD.
⚫It isa serious brood diseaseof Apis
cerana indica caused byvirus
Morator aetatulus (Thai strain)
during spring season.
SYMPTOMS:
⚫Spotty brood appearance (pepper
box.)
⚫capping tends to bedarker,
concave & punctured frequently.
⚫Dead larvaedry up in brood cell
forming loose scale orsac like
⚫Brood die in pre pupal stage but in
unsealed stage
⚫Dead larvae lieon their back, tipof
head capsule turned upward.
22. MANAGEMENT:
⚫Destructionof frame
⚫Maintenanceof strong and vigorouscolony
⚫Sterilisation of beekeeping equipmentswith KMnO4
@ 50g/lit waterfollowed by hotwaterdipping.
⚫Fumigation of hive by formicacid (85%) @ 5ml/hive
⚫Caging queen for 21 days forcreating broodlessness
condition.
23. ACUTE BEE PARALYSIS:
⚫caused by acute bee paralysis virus
(ABPV) and affects only the adults
whichonlyshowsigns of trembling
,sprawled legsand wings .
⚫Occasionally ,theyalsoexhibit
partial hairlessnessand in some
casea black shinyappearance.
⚫ Thedeath rate may be high,but the
disease may be mild or transient at
times .Infected adults bees usally
show the first symptom of acute
paralysis in 2 to 4days and then die
within a day .
24. CHRONIC BEE PARALYSIS:
⚫ caused by the chronic bee paralysis
virus (CBPV) and the infected adult
may take manydays todie .
⚫ Adult bees infected
SYMPTOMS:
⚫ the adults have a bloated abdomen,
which is caused by the distension of
the honeysacwith liquid.
⚫ They do not fly, instead theycrawl on
the ground, exhibiting an abnormal
trembling motion of the wings and
bodies.
⚫ They become almost hairless,
appearing dark oralmost black and
shiny.
⚫ Uninfected bees nibbleat them and
preventtheirreturn to thecolony.
25. COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER
(CCD)
⚫CAUSAL ORGANISM- stresses,
malnutrition, pathogens and
genetically modified (GM)crops
⚫PLACE OF INFECTION - colony
⚫SYMPTOM–worker bees from a
beehivecolony abruptlydisappear
⚫STAGE INFECTED – worker
bees
⚫MANAGEMENT – Exactcauses
are not known so following
natural beekeeping practices.
