Humans carelessness that leads to fire accidents that can cause death of many thousands of people. This ppt describe the source of man made disasters,the types, the effects and how to control it. there is also a small case study attached to it to help in a better understanding of the effect of the effect and the prevention method.
Man made disaster ppt/ Human made disaster are specific events where an Anthropogenic hazard has come to fruition. Made by Vivek of class 9 NCERT is the best ppt ever made. I hope you find it very interesting.
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Man made disasters are hazards caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural hazards. Man made disasters may adversely affect humans, other organisms and ecosystems. The frequency and severity of hazards are key elements in some risk analysis methodologies.
Man made disaster ppt/ Human made disaster are specific events where an Anthropogenic hazard has come to fruition. Made by Vivek of class 9 NCERT is the best ppt ever made. I hope you find it very interesting.
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Man made disasters are hazards caused by human action or inaction. They are contrasted with natural hazards. Man made disasters may adversely affect humans, other organisms and ecosystems. The frequency and severity of hazards are key elements in some risk analysis methodologies.
This Slide is about Disaster management. About The Various steps that one should take during man Made and natural disasters. It Also includes Case Study to make the Slide Overall more interesting. The Slide also includes the various Mitigation steps that Must be followed in general during any Disaster.
Hope You like the Presentation and don't forget to Like and Comment :)
This Slide is about Disaster management. About The Various steps that one should take during man Made and natural disasters. It Also includes Case Study to make the Slide Overall more interesting. The Slide also includes the various Mitigation steps that Must be followed in general during any Disaster.
Hope You like the Presentation and don't forget to Like and Comment :)
meaning of fire hazards, types of fire,fire triangle,classification of fire,precaution devices,fire extinguisher,types of fire extinguisher, reason of fire hazards,precaution taken in case of fire hazards......important points related to fire hazards..this is very helpful presentation.
This presentation includes definition, causes, types of fire extinguishers, types of fire component system, NBC regulations, types of sprinklers, fire escapes , Building Planning Consideration for fire prevention, how to escape the fire, capacity of exits, occupants per unit exit width, travel distance, and calculations.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. Man-made Hazards - Intro
A man-made disaster is a disaster resulting
from human intellect, negligence, or error.
Man-made disasters can be both intentional
and unintentional. It results in huge loss of
life and property.
It further affects a person’s mental, physical
and social well-being.
3. Man-made Hazards - Reasons
There are multiple factor that may relate to man-made disasters
Ignorance
Unawareness
Illiteracy
Carelessly handling danger
Chemicals
Weapons
5. Man-made Hazards - Fire
“Fire is a very good servant, but, a very bad
master”.
As long as fire is under our control, it serves a
lot of useful purposes for us, but, once it goes
out of our control, it can create a lot of
destruction.
However, despite the presence of fire safety
measures, the occurrence of accidents is
oftentimes inevitable.
Because of the useful purposes that it serves,
people keep sources of fire in/around their
houses/workplace.
These sources could sometimes result in
"undesired" fire.
6. Fire - Causes
The most man-made common causes of fire are
Electrical
Pantry area
Smoking
7. Fire – Cause : Electrical
Incidents of fire caused due to overloading, short circuiting, etc.
As people start staying in new apartment, or new offices, they
start making modifications to the wall socket outlets – in order to
be able to plug in additional apparatus etc.
Then it reaches a time when the total amount of current drawn
from all sockets together could exceed the rated capacity of the
internal wiring.
A simple solution to this is – not to make too many changes to
the electrical circuitry inside your apartment/work-place. And
any alterations if done should b kept in mind the capacity of
wires used
8. Fire – Cause : Electrical
As time progresses, due to various minor repairs etc. wires might be changed, jumbled up etc. or
the insulation among wires might break down.
This might cause some wires to come in contact with each other and thus create a short circuit.
This short circuit can cause a very high current flow through wires and cause fire.
A simple solution to this is – periodic inspection of the conditions of the wiring and taking
preventive action, whenever needed.
Install miniature circuit breakers so that any short circuit would result in immediate disconnection
of current flow.
9. Fire – Cause : Pantry
Incidents involving cooking gas, cooking oil etc.
Leakage of cooking gas, accompanied by a spark around the
leakage could cause fire. These are typically very dangerous.
Sources of sparks could be anything: - a burning item, turning
on/off of electrical gadgets/switches etc.
The leak itself can be in the gas cylinder itself, the pipeline
carrying the gas, the regulator, joints etc. Some simple
precautions to be taken for this include:
Regular inspection of gas pipes, and, timely replacement.
No sparks etc. in case there is any trace of LPG smell. LPG itself does
not have any odor. A trace odor is put in the LPG – only so that any
leakage might be detected.
10. Fire – Cause : Pantry
While cooking, sometimes, the cooking medium could get overheated, resulting in fire. These are
more frequent, but, fortunately - relatively easy to manage (if attended to immediately).
A simple precaution to be taken for this is - never let cooking oil etc. unattended, when its being
heated, nor, do keep bottles of oil etc. in contact with very hot object, like, hot utensils etc.
11. Fire – Cause : Smoking
Smoking in/around combustible materials could cause fire, due
to hot ashes falling from the cigarette.
Some simple precautions to be taken include:
Don’t smoke in/around bed, sofa etc.
When you throw away the cigarette etc. always stub it out
Always try to dispose off the cigarette-ash at proper places
12. Fire – Uneven distribution of incidents
Incidents of fires are usually not evenly distributed. There are higher number of fires during:
Summer season: Due to higher ambient temperature; as well as leaves etc. being dry - catch fire easily.
This is the time, when many forest-fires start.
Some specific festive events – due to use/availability of fire-crackers, and/or lights etc. Fire based lights
could pose a direct fire-risk, while, electricity based lighting could cause the risk due to overloading.
Hence, its more important to be specially careful during these periods. Not only are the chances
of incidents higher, but, the chances of your local fire department being overloaded is also very
high.
13. Fire – Uneven distribution of incidents
Forest fire Festival fire
14. Fire – Conditions
A fire must have three things to ignite and maintain combustion:
Fuel
Heat
Oxygen
The basic strategy of fire prevention is to control or isolate sources
of fuel and heat in order to prevent combustion. If all three are
not present in sufficient quantities a fire will not ignite or a fire will
not be able to sustain combustion
15. Fire – Classes
Class A
These are fires that involve some solid material like, clothes, paper, junk-heap, wood etc.
Class B
These are fires that involve liquid materials like: petrol, gasoline, diesel, oil etc.
Class C
These are fires that involve electrical elements
Class D
These are fires are those involve metals
Its important to know about the classes of fires because fire-extinguishers are classified and
marked based on the type of fire on which they would be effective.
16. Fire – Fire extinguishers
Types of fire extinguishers
Water Based
Foam Based
CO2 Based
CFC Based
Dry Chemical Based
17. Fire – Fighting strategies
Smothering a fire
If a person’s clothing catches a fire. You could simply wrap the person in blankets (or, any other thick piece
of clothing layer), and, roll the person on the ground. The fire gets extinguished – due to lack of oxygen
supply.
Letting it die
Sometimes, you might just isolate the burning material from other combustible material. The fire would
simply die down, once it has burnt the burning material – as it finds nothing else to burn.
18. Fire – Fighting strategies
Fire in pantry area – say oil/ghee on fire
Simply cover the utensil which contains the burning oil etc. Lack of oxygen supply will simply extinguish the
fire. Meanwhile, don’t forget to turn off the stove. This will help bring down the temperature – thus, cutting
off another arm.
19. Fire – Fighting strategies
Class C Fire
Use of incorrect extinguishing agent (water or foam based) on a class C fire would simply be fatal. Hence, first thing to do would be to
convert it into a Class A fire. This can be done by turning off the electric supply. However, if you are suspecting gas-leak also, don’t flip the
switch.
Even after you have turned off the switch, one needs to exercise caution. If the main and neutral connections are reversed, while the switch
might be turned off – the wires would still be energized. This would provide a false sense of security, while, the fire is still Class C. Hence, its
very important that at the time of construction/renovation, electrical wirings are done/supervised by appropriately qualified electricians.
Thus, do not ever pour/direct water jet/stream on a Class C fire (or, even where electrical involvement is suspected). It will be fatal.
If you have to use water (only as a last resort), throw mugful of water from a safe distance, such that the last drop of water has left the mug,
before the first drop of water touches the electrical line. This way, the continuity of the water stream is broken, and, electricity can not reach
your body. This method is to be used only in case no other alternative is visible, and, also, extreme caution is to be used. This method should
never be used with more than one person simultaneously trying this method. Because, water leaving from different mugs could together
form a continuity, thereby turning FATAL for somebody.
20. Fire – Some major fire disasters in history
Since the 1980s the diversity of reasons for burn accidents has been linked to various human
activities - one which has increased considerably is the number of fire disasters caused by
terrorist criminal activities
Some examples are the terrorist attacks in Dublin (1981), Bologna (1985), Barcelona (1987), and London
(1988), which were the most devastating to occur in Europe.
The worst fire disasters in the period 1980-2000 were in 1984 (LPG explosion in Mexico, with 550
deaths and 7000 people injured, of whom 625 were burned) and in 1989 (gas container explosion
on a bridge following a railway accident in the Urals region, with 2200 deaths and 3000 injured,
including 800 burned).
21. Fire – Some major fire disasters in history
Hospitals were often involved in fires, including a case in 1929 in Cleveland, USA, due to the
accidental burning of X-ray film, causing 123 deaths.
Accidents in nightclubs without safety regulations caused serious disasters, including one at the
Coconut Grove nightclub in Boston in 1942, when 500 people died.
There were significant and singular accidents in circuses, including one in 1944 in Connecticut,
with 144 deaths and more than 450 injured, and one in 1965 in Niteroi (Brazil), with over 400
deaths and 600 injured.
These accidents demonstrate how the lack of prevention and safety regulations caused serious
disasters. Fire was a constant and singular presence in hospitals, where the lack of prevention
programs and organized evacuation plans led to many burn accidents.
22. Fire Hazards – Case study
The following four case studies were done in various parts of India. Amon major lives losses
which are considered as pathetic and cruel accidents in India. Analyzing factors are: Building plan,
set back, Floors accommodation, ventilation, circulation, construction materials, Ignition, Fire
feeding materials, Reasons for fire spread, Reasons for lives losses,
Failure aspects in terms of fire safety requirements and other factors along the four, two accidents
caused
23. Fire Hazards – Case study
AMRI Hospital building fire
accident.
Date: 9 December
2011.Place:Kolkata.State: West
Bengal.
Lives losses = 94
24. Fire Hazards – Case study
Ignition of fire: The basement floor used as
storage area of diesel, motor oil and wooden
furniture store room. Fire started here.
Fire feeding materials: All the floors
accommodated with hospital needed
common hazard materials
This photo shows the doors, windows and the exterior
finishing are constructed by glass material. (spot photo)
25. Fire Hazards – Case study
Fire spread: The building having basement,
ground + six floors. All doors, windows, exterior
finishes are constructed by glass materials. The
exterior glasses are not opening or breakable.
The fire sprinkler, fire smokers, vent opening on
the top are not provided. As soon as the fire
started due to combustible materials in all
floors thick density of dark coloured smoke,
fumes and toxic substances produced, it starts
to move basement to upward direction along
with the fire flame. Chucking out of smoke from
building to outside took four hours after
breaking the glasses by the fire professionals.
The fire spread was very high in the building.
This photo shows the fire flames and the smoke reaches
from basement to all the upper floors (spot photo)
26. Fire Hazards – Case study
Solution: If the building might have been provided with proper vent opening and the required
fire fighting appurtenances, can reduce the volume of fire and smoke. Or extinguish and chuck
out the smoke quickly, can save the lives of patients especially in the upper floors.