2. Introduction
Man-made disasters have an element of human intent,
negligence, or error involving a failure of a man-made system,
as opposed to natural disasters resulting from natural
hazards. Such man-made disasters are crime, arson, civil
disorder, terrorism, war, biological/chemical threat, cyber-
attacks, etc.
3. Nuclear Disaster
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the
International Atomic Energy Agency as "an event that has led
to significant consequences to people, the environment or the
facility. Examples include lethal effects to individuals, large
radioactivity release to the environment, or reactor core
melt."The prime example of a "major nuclear accident" is one
in which a reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of
radiation are released
4.
5. Biological Disasters
Biological disasters are natural scenarios involving disease, disability or death
on a large scale among humans, animals and plants due to micro-organisms like
bacteria, or virus or toxins. Biological disasters may be in the form of:-
Epidemic affecting a disproportionately large number of individuals within a
population, community, or region at the same time, examples being Cholera,
Plague; or,
Pandemic is an epidemic that spreads across a large region, that is, a continent,
or even worldwide of existing, emerging or reemerging diseases and pestilences,
example being Influenza H1N1 (Swine Flu).
6.
7. Chemical Disaster
A chemical disaster is the unintentional refuse of one or more
hazardous substances which could harm human health or the
environment. Chemical hazards are systems where chemical
accidents could occur under certain circumstances. Such
events include fires, explosions, leakages or releases of toxic
or hazardous materials that can cause people illness, injury,
disability or death.
8.
9. Fire Accidents
Fires are events in which something burns. Generally, they are
destructive, killing many people. More people die in fires than in
cyclones, earthquakes, floods, and other natural catastrophes
combined. Throughout cities, there are fires breaking out in homes,
jhuggis, factories, warehouses, and other buildings. Fires are a
significant threat to forests and wildlife because they spread rapidly
and cause tremendous damage. Fire can transmit to a large area.
Many people could succumb to burns and asphyxiation. This
contamination may also harm plants, animals, and soil, affecting
crops, water, and soil fertility.
