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Disability Oppression Defining Disability• Ameri
- 1. Disability Oppression Defining Disability • Americanswith Disabilities Act: • A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major activities of such individual • A record of such impairment • Being regarded as having such impairment Leading causes of Disability 4 5
- 2. 7 8 Historical Overview • Plato •Those with disabilities should be put away � Judeo-Christian tradition � Disability was a consequence for individual or parents behavior • Elizabethan poor laws • Those with disability are the deserving poor • Social Darwinism and Eugenics • Innately unproductive, endemically unfit and without worth • World War II • Unfit, defective, retarded • First into the gas chamber regardless of age Historical Overview
- 3. • After WWII •Returning veterans with disability forces the moral consequence of society to act • Federal legislation addressed some of the issues for the first time • Primarily for rehabilitation • End of 20th century • Disability movement gains momentum • Culminating in the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Physically Disability •Common experiences in varying degrees • Prejudice • Oppression • Stigmatization • Marginalization • Isolation • Discrimination Disability Experience • Most contend with: • Oppression resulting from
- 4. intersectional minority status • Lifeadaptation issues • Limitations and natural consequences of disability • Financial and sexual exploitation Disability and Identity Development • Internal and external reality is shaped by oppressive forces that influence: • Thinking • Feeling • Behavior • Environmental adaptation • What is the greater limitation? • Physical disability itself or society’s expectations for disability Disability and Stigma • Society emphasizes: • Physical perfection • Beauty • Activity • Physical performance
- 5. • Responses tostigma • Deep anxiety and insecurity • Anger and sadness • Humiliation, shame and embarrassment • Low self-esteem The Nature of Disability • Situational variables dynamically interact to produce unique adaptation and coping experiences • Age of onset • Person’s inherent character • Family and larger environment system • Socioeconomic status • Ethnic group • Cultural interaction • Societal interaction Disability types • Functional Disability • Dominant view of disability • Refers to the nature and extent of the disability • Functional ramifications for the individual • Socially Imposed Disability • Perceptions of individuals abilities or
- 6. disabilities • Gendered perceptions •Based on his/her interaction with the environment • Determines adaptation to environment 18 Early Age of Onset • Parent’s and Society’s responses affect child’s development • Parental grief may occur • Oppression, marginality and isolation become family experiences • Early intervention is key to child’s development • Crisis Theory: Patterns of responses to the loss of a child’s functioning • As a challenge • As a loss • As a threat • Empowerment occurs when Family and Society respond to disability as a challenge • When perceived as loss or threat it will have an impairing impact on other aspects of development as child ages Later Age of Onset
- 7. • Different experiencesince there is no history of previous functioning • Impacts individual and family functioning and social role performance • Loss of identity • Mourning identity loss • Crisis Theory applies to late onset too • Personality plays key role in coping • Ongoing pain as part of disability complicates experience Disability and Adaptation Adaptation Risk factors Demographic factors Illness and treatment response Psychological symptoms Personal
- 8. coping style Social Support Networks Illness appraisaland attributions Concurrent stresses Disability and Resilience • Adaptation Protection Factors • Intelligence and problem solving ability • Ability to form strong and enduring attachments • Ability to compensate for real or perceived inferiority • Ability to reframe in positive ways • Personal energy (persistence) and temperament
- 9. Disability Oppression Defining Disability • Americanswith Disabilities Act: • A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major activities of such individual • A record of such impairment • Being regarded as having such impairment Leading causes of Disability 4 5
- 10. 7 8 Historical Overview • Plato •Those with disabilities should be put away � Judeo-Christian tradition � Disability was a consequence for individual or parents behavior • Elizabethan poor laws • Those with disability are the deserving poor • Social Darwinism and Eugenics • Innately unproductive, endemically unfit and without worth • World War II • Unfit, defective, retarded • First into the gas chamber regardless of age Historical Overview • After WWII • Returning veterans with disability forces
- 11. the moral consequenceof society to act • Federal legislation addressed some of the issues for the first time • Primarily for rehabilitation • End of 20th century • Disability movement gains momentum • Culminating in the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Physically Disability •Common experiences in varying degrees • Prejudice • Oppression • Stigmatization • Marginalization • Isolation • Discrimination Disability Experience • Most contend with: • Oppression resulting from intersectional minority status • Life adaptation issues • Limitations and natural
- 12. consequences of disability •Financial and sexual exploitation Disability and Identity Development • Internal and external reality is shaped by oppressive forces that influence: • Thinking • Feeling • Behavior • Environmental adaptation • What is the greater limitation? • Physical disability itself or society’s expectations for disability Disability and Stigma • Society emphasizes: • Physical perfection • Beauty • Activity • Physical performance • Responses to stigma • Deep anxiety and insecurity • Anger and sadness
- 13. • Humiliation, shameand embarrassment • Low self-esteem The Nature of Disability • Situational variables dynamically interact to produce unique adaptation and coping experiences • Age of onset • Person’s inherent character • Family and larger environment system • Socioeconomic status • Ethnic group • Cultural interaction • Societal interaction Disability types • Functional Disability • Dominant view of disability • Refers to the nature and extent of the disability • Functional ramifications for the individual • Socially Imposed Disability • Perceptions of individuals abilities or disabilities • Gendered perceptions • Based on his/her interaction with the environment
- 14. • Determines adaptationto environment 18 Early Age of Onset • Parent’s and Society’s responses affect child’s development • Parental grief may occur • Oppression, marginality and isolation become family experiences • Early intervention is key to child’s development • Crisis Theory: Patterns of responses to the loss of a child’s functioning • As a challenge • As a loss • As a threat • Empowerment occurs when Family and Society respond to disability as a challenge • When perceived as loss or threat it will have an impairing impact on other aspects of development as child ages Later Age of Onset • Different experience since there is no history of previous functioning • Impacts individual and family functioning and social
- 15. role performance • Lossof identity • Mourning identity loss • Crisis Theory applies to late onset too • Personality plays key role in coping • Ongoing pain as part of disability complicates experience Disability and Adaptation Adaptation Risk factors Demographic factors Illness and treatment response Psychological symptoms Personal coping style Social Support Networks
- 16. Illness appraisal and attributions Concurrent stresses Disability andResilience • Adaptation Protection Factors • Intelligence and problem solving ability • Ability to form strong and enduring attachments • Ability to compensate for real or perceived inferiority • Ability to reframe in positive ways • Personal energy (persistence) and temperament