Direct Labor Budget, as the word suggests, relates to the cost of direct labor involved in production/assembly or service. It allows a company to manage the labor force it needs.
https://efinancemanagement.com/budgeting/direct-labor-budget
The cost of employee turnover is often discussed, but rarely acted upon. This presentation will give you tools to calculate it for your business, and how to improve.
Population ecology theory postulates and lessons for strategic managementJack Onyisi Abebe
The diversity of organizations in society depends on the both the number of organizational forms and the distribution of organizations over forms".
This is a dynamic process, with new forms being created, some orgs changing into other forms, and some forms going away. Organizations are created and disbanded or merged. organization that cannot change strategy and structure as quickly as their environments can change.
The cost of employee turnover is often discussed, but rarely acted upon. This presentation will give you tools to calculate it for your business, and how to improve.
Population ecology theory postulates and lessons for strategic managementJack Onyisi Abebe
The diversity of organizations in society depends on the both the number of organizational forms and the distribution of organizations over forms".
This is a dynamic process, with new forms being created, some orgs changing into other forms, and some forms going away. Organizations are created and disbanded or merged. organization that cannot change strategy and structure as quickly as their environments can change.
This is an Economics project which will help in understanding the concept of production, the costs involved in it, and the contributing factors associated with both.
Emergent area of diversity and cross-cultural issues, meaning of workplace diversity and the global trends, benefits of workplace diversity, creating diversity as part of organizational culture.
Ob i - foundations of group behavior-workteams-organizational stressShivkumar Menon
Organizational Behavior I as part of the XLRI VIL Syllabus
The areas captured are relevant in today's context at the workplace. The concepts and applications delve on people, organization, structure and how behavior of employees and leaders in organizations bring efficiency and effectivity.
Acct 504 mart perfect education acct504mart.comdavidwarn12
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.acct504mart.com
Case Study 1 (Part A)Analyze the impact of business transactions on accounts; record (journalize and post) transactions in the books; construct and use a trial balance) During the first month of operation of Gordon Construction, Inc., completed the following transactions7 How should mixed costs be classified in CVP analysis? What approach is used to effect the appropriate classification?
This is an Economics project which will help in understanding the concept of production, the costs involved in it, and the contributing factors associated with both.
Emergent area of diversity and cross-cultural issues, meaning of workplace diversity and the global trends, benefits of workplace diversity, creating diversity as part of organizational culture.
Ob i - foundations of group behavior-workteams-organizational stressShivkumar Menon
Organizational Behavior I as part of the XLRI VIL Syllabus
The areas captured are relevant in today's context at the workplace. The concepts and applications delve on people, organization, structure and how behavior of employees and leaders in organizations bring efficiency and effectivity.
Acct 504 mart perfect education acct504mart.comdavidwarn12
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.acct504mart.com
Case Study 1 (Part A)Analyze the impact of business transactions on accounts; record (journalize and post) transactions in the books; construct and use a trial balance) During the first month of operation of Gordon Construction, Inc., completed the following transactions7 How should mixed costs be classified in CVP analysis? What approach is used to effect the appropriate classification?
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This presentation explains preventive and Autonomous Maintenance techniques in a simple manner with numerous "Before & After" pictures.
There are also formats available at the end of the presentation on the MIS reports and analysis to be done in the Maintenance function.
Module 5 Discussion ForumDiscussion Capital Budgeting and How to .docxmoirarandell
Module 5 Discussion Forum
Discussion: Capital Budgeting and How to Create Operating Budgets
Variance Analysis:
Write an analytical summary of your learning outcomes from chapters 9 and 10. In addition to your analytical summary, address the following:
1. As a manager, discuss how you would use or have used the concepts presented in chapters 9 and 10.
2. Why might managers find a flexible-budget analysis more informative than static-budget analysis?
3. How might a manager gain insight into the causes of flexible-budget variances for direct materials, labor, and overhead? Provide at least one numerical example to support your thoughts.
Instructions:
Completed the assignment by over 550 words and references.
- Read and respond to at least 3 of your classmates' posts.(Below posted my classmate discussions) Read a selection of your colleagues' postings. Respond to at least 3 of your classmates’ posts. (Each response should be 150 words, It should include the stuff like supporting their discussion and
Study Materials Link:
TextBook:https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_managerial-accounting/index.html
· Lesson Lecture
· Video-1: Capital BudgetingURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrKVj_wLgUc
· Video-2: Capital BudgetingURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRh0tiG2lVk
· Video: Sales BudgetURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frCX_bsFsao
· Video: Master Budget/Operating BudgetsURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wy9MGFjS7ZAAssigned Reading/Study Materials
Use the following links to study Module 5 topics
Capital Budgeting Analysis
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_managerial-accounting/s12-how-is-capital-budgeting-used-.html
Analysis of Operating Budgets:
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_managerial-accounting/s13-how-are-operating-budgets-crea.html
3-Clasmate discussion
Discussion1:
by Srikanth Jagini - Wednesday, 6 May 2020, 4:57 PM
Analytical summary
Every organization always wants to create a budget that is flexible and more relevant for the appropriate outcome. The flexible budget is nothing but a budget or list of expenses that occur during a year and it controls the potential emergencies and mitigates the loss of the business. According to Yuzvovich, Korogodina & Azisova (2018), it has been stated that the various problems of budgets made the industrial workflow decreasing and its impact creates the industrial dislocation, a flexible budget is an actual solution and in mitigates the loss of industrial productivity. The flexible budget provides the necessary adjustment when any type of change occurred in the organization and it increases the productivity or capability of the business. Analysis of the performance of the workers and laborers is more important for the organizational perspective. Variance in the flexible budget is occurred due to lack of control and lack of using the materials and poor remuneration to the workers and most importantly by corruption in financial areas. With respect to Junita (2018), it has bee ...
Module 5 Discussion ForumDiscussion Capital Budgeting and How to .docxssuserf9c51d
Module 5 Discussion Forum
Discussion: Capital Budgeting and How to Create Operating Budgets
Variance Analysis:
Write an analytical summary of your learning outcomes from chapters 9 and 10. In addition to your analytical summary, address the following:
1. As a manager, discuss how you would use or have used the concepts presented in chapters 9 and 10.
2. Why might managers find a flexible-budget analysis more informative than static-budget analysis?
3. How might a manager gain insight into the causes of flexible-budget variances for direct materials, labor, and overhead? Provide at least one numerical example to support your thoughts.
Instructions:
Completed the assignment by over 550 words and references.
- Read and respond to at least 3 of your classmates' posts.(Below posted my classmate discussions) Read a selection of your colleagues' postings. Respond to at least 3 of your classmates’ posts. (Each response should be 150 words, It should include the stuff like supporting their discussion and
Study Materials Link:
TextBook:https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_managerial-accounting/index.html
· Lesson Lecture
· Video-1: Capital BudgetingURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrKVj_wLgUc
· Video-2: Capital BudgetingURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRh0tiG2lVk
· Video: Sales BudgetURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frCX_bsFsao
· Video: Master Budget/Operating BudgetsURL- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wy9MGFjS7ZAAssigned Reading/Study Materials
Use the following links to study Module 5 topics
Capital Budgeting Analysis
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_managerial-accounting/s12-how-is-capital-budgeting-used-.html
Analysis of Operating Budgets:
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_managerial-accounting/s13-how-are-operating-budgets-crea.html
3-Clasmate discussion
Discussion1:
by Srikanth Jagini - Wednesday, 6 May 2020, 4:57 PM
Analytical summary
Every organization always wants to create a budget that is flexible and more relevant for the appropriate outcome. The flexible budget is nothing but a budget or list of expenses that occur during a year and it controls the potential emergencies and mitigates the loss of the business. According to Yuzvovich, Korogodina & Azisova (2018), it has been stated that the various problems of budgets made the industrial workflow decreasing and its impact creates the industrial dislocation, a flexible budget is an actual solution and in mitigates the loss of industrial productivity. The flexible budget provides the necessary adjustment when any type of change occurred in the organization and it increases the productivity or capability of the business. Analysis of the performance of the workers and laborers is more important for the organizational perspective. Variance in the flexible budget is occurred due to lack of control and lack of using the materials and poor remuneration to the workers and most importantly by corruption in financial areas. With respect to Junita (2018), it has bee.
Management Accounting Unit - 2. B.Com(Hons)/B.Com/BBA/MBApdfUmakantAnnand
Management Accounting
B.Com (Hons.) Semester - 4th
Unit -2
University of Lucknow, Lucknow
Budgetary control
Budgetary control is the process by which budgets are prepared for the future period and are compared with the actual performance for finding out variances, if any. The comparison of budgeted figures with actual figures will help the management to find out variances and take corrective actions without any delay.
The comparison of budgeted and actual figures will enable the management to find out discrepancies and take remedial measures at a proper time. The budgetary control is a continuous process which helps in planning and co-ordination. It provides a method of control too. A budget is a means and budgetary control is the end-result.
Objectives of Budgetary Control
The main objectives of budgetary control are given below:
1) Defining the objectives of the enterprise.
2) Providing plans for achieving the objectives so defined.
3) Coordinating the activities of various departments.
4) Operating various departments and cost centres economically and efficiently.
5) :5. Increasing the profitability by eliminating waste.
6) Centralizing the control system.
7) Correcting variances from sit standards.
8) Fixing the responsibility of various individuals in the enterprise.
Essentials of Successful Budgetary Control:
The following are the essential requisites for implementing budgetary control successfully:
1) Clearly Defined Organisational Structure:- The authority and responsibilities are to be properly defined to pin-point the responsibility of specific individuals in key positions.
2) Efficient Accounting System: - The accounting system should provide the required information in time.
3) Reporting of Deviations:- Efficient system has to be devised to reduce the differences between the budgets and actual performance.
4) Motivation: - Staff are to be appraised of the budgets and benefits they are going to derive directly and indirectly.
5) Realistic Targets: - The targets set should be realistic so that they are achievable and budgets should not frustrate the workers by fixing unrealistic targets.
6) Participation of All Departments Concerned: - Budgets are to be set for all the departments so that their participation in implementation will be effective.
7) Flexibility: - Budgets are prepared on the basis of certain conditions. If there is change in conditions budgets also should be adjusted to accommodate the changes.
8) Top Management Support: - The budgetary control system should have continuous support of top management which can ensure its all-round acceptance.
Advantages of Budgetary Control
Some of the advantages of budgetary control are:
1) Budgetary control fixes targets. Each and every department is forced to work efficiently to reach the target. Thus, it is an effective method of controlling the activities of various departments of a business unit.
2) It secures better co-ordination among various departments.
BackgroundPerformance Drinks, LLC is owned by Dave N. Port..docxAMMY30
Background:
Performance Drinks, LLC is owned by Dave N. Port.
Performance Drinks produces a variety of sports centered drinks.
They began operations in 1993 shortly after Mr. Port graduated with his M.B.A. from Davenport University.
The company saw early success as sports and fitness nutritional products gained new popularity in the 1990’s.
Financially the company is sound and has been wise in controlling their growth over the years.
However, within the last 18 months Mr. Port has noticed a drop in overall company profitability.
This is especially troubling considering that the company has continued to experience top-line growth.
Mr. Port and his management team have been considering developing a new product line.
However, those plans have been put on hold until they can figure out why their profits are shrinking.
Performance Drinks makes four different kinds of sports drinks.
Those drinks are as follows:
·
Basic
·
Hydration
·
Intensity
·
Post-Workout
Each of these drinks contains a slightly different nutritional profile and is targeted for different users and uses.
The Basic drink has the least nutritional benefit and is targeted for general consumption.
The Hydration product targets endurance athletes and specializes in hydration replacement.
The Intensity product was designed with energy enhancement in mind. It serves the needs of extreme athletes who need long durations of sustained energy.
Lastly, the Post-Workout product is a nutritional replacement product that is generally used following exertion.
Information Related to Case #2
(this section is the same as you received when you were assigned Case #2)
:
You are the Controller for Performance Drinks.
You feel as though you have a good handle on the financial reporting and the overall company performance.
However, admittedly, your accounting information system has been designed to serve the needs of external users from an aggregate perspective.
To that end you utilize absorption costing exclusively within the organization.
You recall studying the concept of Activity Based Management (ABM) and Activity Based Costing (ABC) while taking a managerial accounting course.
You wonder if applying those ideas to your business would help to uncover the mystery of the disappearing profits.
You recall from your Management Accounting class that product costs are comprised of:
·
Direct Materials
·
Direct Labor
·
Manufacturing Overhead
You don’t suspect that anything strange is going with your direct costs.
You do wonder, however, if a more thorough understanding of your indirect costs may be in order.
Over a series of weeks you talk with a variety of employees, representing a multitude of functional areas, from within the company.
During those conversations you take careful note on what activities might be consuming resources and how those activities might be measured.
You sharpen your pencil and begin to unpack what you’ve learned.
You start with review ...
Budgeting is extremely important, whether for personal or business.docxhartrobert670
Budgeting is extremely important, whether for personal or business reasons. Budgets are of many types and are the main tools used for planning, control, and decision making in almost every organization. These can also be used to force organizations to plan for future communication, coordination, resource allocation, profit control, and performance evaluation.
Many professional service firms rely heavily on the use of time budgets. For example, architect firms know on average how long it takes to work with commercial clients on the design of a building or with individuals for a house. Based on these estimates, management assigns clients to architects within the firm and estimates the fees that will be charged. If one architect has five clients assigned to him or her and each design is budgeted to be completed in ten hours, this means that fifty hours of work have been delegated for completion by that architect. Additional work will not be assigned to this architect until all other architects are equally assigned the same number of hours. Additionally, if it takes this architect ninety hours to complete the designs, as against the assigned fifty hours, this may be a sign there are issues with the productivity of this architect that need to be examined.
In the assignments you will get an opportunity to examine how budgets are used to analyze performance and set incentives for employees and management within an organization. You will also make recommendations for improving the effectiveness of such systems.
Budgets affect just about every department and every person within an organization. This tremendous impact causes people to act differently to make sure the budgets are met. One common way of doing this is to pad budgets. However, this makes the prepared budget less useful, as it is not an accurate representation of the company. A company can ensure the accuracy of budgets by involving employees throughout the organization in creating the budgets. This process, referred to as participative budgeting, makes employees feel more involved, and they are likely to be more willing to stick to and follow the budget.
Budgeting can be a very time-consuming task, but it is necessary if a company is to maintain business for the long term. Most companies have a budget director who is in charge of budgeting to keep everything organized. Organizations will also have a budget committee made up of senior executives who help advise the budget director. It helps to have people who are familiar with budgeting involved, as this makes the process run smoother.
A standard costing system is the traditionally used costing system. It has two main purposes: cost control and product costing. Standard costs are determined by accountants working together with other employees of the organization. Such costs are created for direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. A cost manager would use these standard cost figures as a benchmark with which to compare ...
It is a market place where shares of public companies are bought and sold
It is commonplace where the issuers of the shares & subscribers of the shares come together
Political risk is the risk that arises out of uncertainty and instability within the government framework or political institutions in a country.
To know more about it, refer to the following article:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/political-risk
Pegged Exchange Rates are exchange rates that are set by way of “pegging” of one’s currency with another country’s currency or some other valuable measure, such as gold.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/pegged-exchange-rate
A debt market instrument specifically a Note, which mostly matures between 5 years to 10 years is known as a Medium Term Note (MTN).
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/medium-term-note
IBF is a facility wherein the US Banking institutions provide banking services such as granting loans, accepting deposits, to foreign residents and foreign banks.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/banking-facility
Risk aversion is an approach to making investments in safe and stable financial instruments, even though if they provide limited or low returns. The opposite of risk aversion is “Risk Tolerance”.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/opposite-of-risk-aversion
Development Impact Bond or (DIB) is a financial tool that helps to fund development projects, usually of social nature.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/development-impact-bond-dib
The concept of the Security Market Line is very popular for portfolio management. It helps to derive the pricing of risky securities by plotting their expected returns.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/security-market-line
A bond that releases interest payments on the basis of a particular price index is known as Indexed Bonds or Index-Linked Bonds or Inflation-Indexed Bonds.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/indexed-bonds-meaning-examples-advantages-and-more
Maturity Risk Premium is basically the extra return that an investor demands or gets for bearing the maturity risk. We can say, longer the maturity of a financial instrument, the more is the maturity risk premium it offers.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/maturity-risk-premium-meaning-need-and-calculation
Cross Hedge is a futures contract strategy or a financial strategy to offset or minimize the loss from one asset from the profits of the other asset.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/cross-hedge
Functional Currency (FC), as the word suggests, is the currency of the location or the economic environment in which a firm works.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/functional-currency-meaning-importance-how-to-determine
An exchange rate system in which the value of a currency is determined not only by the forces of demand and supply but also through some form of intervention by the central government or central banking regulator of that country is known as a dirty float.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/international-financial-management/dirty-float
Blue Sky Laws are state regulations and their purpose is to safeguard investors from securities fraud. And these being the laws promulgated by the states, there may be some variations in the rules and regulations state-wise for these blue sky laws.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/blue-sky-laws
The term FACTORING in finance stands for the act of buying a company’s rights to collect payments from its debtors or accounts receivables and charging the company for this service.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/working-capital-financing/how-do-factoring-companies-work
A group of ratios that shows how efficiently the company is managing its assets to generate and maximize sales revenues is known as Asset Management Ratios.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-management/asset-management-ratios-types-interpretations-advantages-disadvantages-and-more
Structured notes are securities having a combination of derivatives and bond components, tailored to help investors with little risk appetite to invest in high to medium risk assets.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/structured-notes
Commodity funds are the funds that invest in commodities like rice, corn, or metals like gold. Like funds investing in stocks, the returns on commodity funds are also linked to the performance and price movements of these commodities in the market.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/commodity-fund
Nicholas Brady is the inspiration for the Brady bonds. In 1989, when Brady was the U.S. Treasury secretary, he came up with a proposal to help reduce the debt of the developing countries.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/sources-of-finance/brady-bonds-meaning-history-how-it-works-and-more
In forfaiting, exporters sell their trade receivables from the importers to a third party. This means that the exporters exchange their trade receivables with a third party for cash.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/financial-accounting/forfaiting
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. 1. Meaning
2. How to Calculate Direct Labor Cost?
3. Benefits
4. Drawbacks
5. Reference
Content
3. Direct Labor Budget, as the word suggests, relates to the cost of direct labor involved in production/assembly or service.
It allows a company to manage the labor force it needs.
A direct labor budget is a part of the master cost or finance budget. A company prepares this budget after finalizing the
production budget.
Meaning
4. To calculate direct labor cost, follow the simple steps:
1. Estimate the total labor hours required to achieve the planned production.
2. Multiply the total labor hours with the estimated cost per Direct Labor Hour.
It will give budgeted direct labor cost.
How to Calculate Direct Labor Cost?
5. Following are the benefits of direct labor budget:
• Help management to identify labor shortage & make necessary adjustments in time to avoid any production
disruption.
• Helps management to schedule plant shutdowns for maintenance purposes.
• Helps the management to schedule delivery of the products to the customers.
• Helps in determining the selling price of the product.
Benefits
6. Following are the drawbacks of direct labor budget:
• Don’t take cash requirements in the calculation.
• If there are many categories of direct labor, preparing a budget takes too much time & becomes a complex process.
• Actual payment to the labor would depend upon many current macro and micro factors in real world.
Drawbacks
7. Reference
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/budgeting/direct-labor-budget