The DIR model, which stands for developmental, individual difference, and relationship-based model, is a framework for assessing and intervening with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), developed by Dr. Stanley Greenspan. It emphasizes understanding a child’s emotional and intellectual development, individual sensory differences, and the importance of relationships with caregivers and therapists. Schools using the DIR model focus on creating meaningful interactions through individualized lessons and the floortime approach to enhance communication and thinking skills in special students.

1. DIR Model
Nurturing Emotional Interactions In
Special Students

2. What is the DIR Model?
■ The DIR model stands for Developmental, Individual Difference, and Relationship-
based model.
■ It is a framework for assessment and intervention for children with ASD (Autism
Spectrum Disorders).
■ First developed and popularized by Dr. Stanley Greenspan through his book
Intelligence and Adaptation (1979).
■ Schools utilize the DIR model to build a healthy foundation and promote all-round
development in special students.

3. Components of the DIR Model
■ Development- Defines the level of
emotional and intellectual functioning of
children with special needs.
■ Individual Difference- Describes the
unique, biological differences in children
that make them respond to touch,
sound and other sensations.
■ Relationship - Focuses on developing
relationships with caregivers, parents
and therapists for affect-based
interactions.

4. DIR Model
Schools
Some note-worthy functions of DIR model
schools are-
■ Exploiting the child’s interests and
emotions to create meaningful
interactions that help him/her master
communication and thinking.
■ Providing individualized lessons to look
after both the interests and
developmental levels of special students.
■ Some DIR model schools also organize
regular counselling sessions for special
students to develop individual processing
abilities in children.

5. DIR Floor-time
■ Schools also utilize the Floortime
approach for a comprehensive
intervention program.
■ It refers to developing core capacities in
a reflective manner by following the
natural emotional interests of a child.
■ The approach encourages parents and
caregivers to get attuned to the
interests of children to help them relate,
communicate and think.

6. Thank You