A content delivery network (CDN) is a system of distributed servers that deliver web content to users based on their geographic locations. It evolved in 1998 to cache files across the internet for fast delivery of digital content like videos and websites. A CDN uses multiple server locations and peering connections to provide fast content delivery through optimized routing. It reduces load on origin servers and enhances quality of service for users. While CDNs provide advantages like reliability and efficiency, challenges remain around technical issues, competitive pressures, and legal compliance with copyrighted content.