Students, teachers, and ambassadors, share their thoughts on what NSHSS means to them. The best quotes from the year on how NSHSS has impacted students and faculty and will continue to in the future.
National Society of High School Scholars
I was asked to create a professional presentation that reflects my philosophy of education and research on best practices; this presentation will demonstrate how the two collide.
Genlites Talk - call for environmental awareness - CNUJoris Claeys
LIFE, LAND and WATER
Preserve and protect the environment with the youth as earth warriors!
UN Sustainable Development Goals
Take action against climate change!
Help preserve life for the future generations to come!
Learning nature’s principles
Innovating with nature!
We cannot keep ignoring!
Humanity needs to thrive & progress in balance & harmony with NATURE!
Sustainability is a journey! Not a destination!
Practice the 5P’s of sustainable thrivability!
“You can never solve a problem on the level on which it was created” – Albert Einstein
co-realize the walk
walking the talk
living the walk
dancing the path
Be involved, Be engaged!
Speaking engagement at
Genlites Talk - Generalistang Normalites Organization 2016-2017
College Of Teacher Education - Bachelor of Elementary Education - Major in General Education
CNU - Cebu Normal University
For speaking and coaching engagements, contact me via ExpertFile or LinkedIn
www.expertfile.com/experts/joris.claeys
www.linkedin.com/in/knowledgenabler
You can request this presentation in PDF or PPT with full animation email at
Joris.Claeys@outlook.com
This is a presentation based on the book, The Power of Pull, How Small Moves, Smartly Made Can Set Big Things in Motion ( Hagel, Seely, & Davison, 2010). It encourages educators to use the power of pull to help students reach their full potential.
Hagel, J., Seely,J., & Davison, L. (2010). The power of pull; how small moves, smartly made, can set things in motion. New York, N.Y., Basic Books
Green Teams: Evolutionary Learning CommunitiesSyntonyQuest
A Sustainable Silicon Valley Educational Forum
Wednesday 30 April 2008 from 9:00 AM – 12:30 PM
More info at http://www.sustainablesiliconvalley.org/event_04-30-08.htm
Keynote presentation - with a challenge - for the Upper Hutt Cluster of schools - 31 January, 2020. How can we work to ensure our school programme for 2020 is truly 'future focused'?
How Digital Transformation Is Changing The Way We WorkScopernia
Digital Transformation not only changes how organizations do business. It also has a profound impact on how people work, communicate and connect to other people.
This presentation was given at the Teamleader event in Ghent on May 19.
Students, teachers, and ambassadors, share their thoughts on what NSHSS means to them. The best quotes from the year on how NSHSS has impacted students and faculty and will continue to in the future.
National Society of High School Scholars
I was asked to create a professional presentation that reflects my philosophy of education and research on best practices; this presentation will demonstrate how the two collide.
Genlites Talk - call for environmental awareness - CNUJoris Claeys
LIFE, LAND and WATER
Preserve and protect the environment with the youth as earth warriors!
UN Sustainable Development Goals
Take action against climate change!
Help preserve life for the future generations to come!
Learning nature’s principles
Innovating with nature!
We cannot keep ignoring!
Humanity needs to thrive & progress in balance & harmony with NATURE!
Sustainability is a journey! Not a destination!
Practice the 5P’s of sustainable thrivability!
“You can never solve a problem on the level on which it was created” – Albert Einstein
co-realize the walk
walking the talk
living the walk
dancing the path
Be involved, Be engaged!
Speaking engagement at
Genlites Talk - Generalistang Normalites Organization 2016-2017
College Of Teacher Education - Bachelor of Elementary Education - Major in General Education
CNU - Cebu Normal University
For speaking and coaching engagements, contact me via ExpertFile or LinkedIn
www.expertfile.com/experts/joris.claeys
www.linkedin.com/in/knowledgenabler
You can request this presentation in PDF or PPT with full animation email at
Joris.Claeys@outlook.com
This is a presentation based on the book, The Power of Pull, How Small Moves, Smartly Made Can Set Big Things in Motion ( Hagel, Seely, & Davison, 2010). It encourages educators to use the power of pull to help students reach their full potential.
Hagel, J., Seely,J., & Davison, L. (2010). The power of pull; how small moves, smartly made, can set things in motion. New York, N.Y., Basic Books
Green Teams: Evolutionary Learning CommunitiesSyntonyQuest
A Sustainable Silicon Valley Educational Forum
Wednesday 30 April 2008 from 9:00 AM – 12:30 PM
More info at http://www.sustainablesiliconvalley.org/event_04-30-08.htm
Keynote presentation - with a challenge - for the Upper Hutt Cluster of schools - 31 January, 2020. How can we work to ensure our school programme for 2020 is truly 'future focused'?
How Digital Transformation Is Changing The Way We WorkScopernia
Digital Transformation not only changes how organizations do business. It also has a profound impact on how people work, communicate and connect to other people.
This presentation was given at the Teamleader event in Ghent on May 19.
New and already known technologies will become an even greater part of our common life. The Digital School will exploit this development for the benefit of students, staff and management. Students will learn to use digital competences creatively and innovatively, so they can engage in new and more ways to act and learn. The digital school focuses on 21st century skills: Critical thinking, communication and collaboration, innovation, complex problem solving, technological mastery and digital citizenship.
This text introduces the results of the first phase in the characterization of the teachers in a school, where a process of shared reflection was initiated, with a view to developing a digital culture in the school community’s day to day. Although it may well be assumed that we are dealing with a process of transformation which involves different dimensions and, at this diagnostic stage, that other subjects and areas of intervention have been analysed, we have chosen to broach here the variable of “teachers” as they appear to us as one of the determining pillars in any process of transformation within the school institution.
Seven group interviews covering a total of 53 teachers and educators were carried out, in other words, almost half of the teaching body in the school. In accordance with the objectives of the study and the respective guide, the analysis of the content of the interviews’ transcripts had to mainly reveal the perceptions of the teachers and educators, and what digital technology they already use in the school.
The results presented here confirm the idea that, from the professional point of view, the teachers use technology mainly for the preparation of the classes, although in the case of this school, they also use it regularly to support presenting material to the pupils. The teachers were seen to be very capable especially with the tools of productivity, as well as the tools to gain access to information and communication through the Internet, which they use both for personal ends and to prepare their lessons.
This SlideShare is about leading a digital school in the CEWA context. This version includes updated scenarios - hypothetical challenges designed to provoke deep thinking about ICT leadership from a Teaching and learning context.
Digital transformation - Watify Launch EventScopernia
How will digital disruption change businesses, people and society? And how should Europe and European companies, big and small, respond? My keynote on the Watify Launch Event in Brussels.
Types of technology transfer & acquisition; Modes of technology transfer; Importance, barriers & steps in internal technology transfer; Importance, barriers & steps in external technology transfer; Management of technology acquisition by a nation;
Global Education Patterns
The Concept of Globalization
Globalization started in economics but spread to many parts of our lives, like how we work, live, and share ideas. It's like a big change that has affected the whole world, making things different in the way we do stuff.
Cogburn (2000) posits that globalization encompasses profound structural transformations in the production and distribution processes within the global economy. Globalization, a fundamental concept influencing economic, social, and cultural policies, has sparked debates on its merits and drawbacks.
Globalization doesn't just affect buying and making things, or services that everyone uses, like schools. It also changes the way people live and what they value. Often, it makes local cultures similar to a standardized global culture, which can be a lot for them to handle (Kuehn, 1999).
Factors Leading Globalization
Globalization is shaping the world order, affecting social, political, and economic structures. English, used as a first or second language in nearly 100 countries, has become a universal language in media, computer, and trade. Other leading factors of globalization include:
• Increasing global communication via fiber optics, satellite and computer technology
• Integrated and coordinated product design, production, sale
• Increasing numbers of free trade agreements at international level
• Advancement of regulations and standards for trade, finance, work, product and services in whole world
• Financial markets’ giving services during 24 hours everyday
• Increasing numbers of foreign investments in many countries and increasing effects of foreign control on workers (Deniz, 1999).
Benefits of Globalization
1. Conceptual Shifts
2. Information-Intensive Economy
3. Challenges in Education
4. Interdisciplinary Approach
5. Symbol Manipulation Skills
6. Independent Thinking
7. Scientific and Technical Training
8. Addressing Information Age Challenges
9. Exchange of Ideas
10. Technological Integration
The Aim and the Importance of Global Education
The aims and importance of global education are as follows:
Let those who participate education process gain skills of new cultures
Develop the ability of distinguishing intercultural differences
Assist the people criticizing events from global perspective
Explain how different cultures affect the activities of organizations
Help students realize how attitudes are shaped and how they affect the behaviors
Develop the language and harmony skills of the managers who will work in different cultures
Provide the ability of working together with the people coming from different cultures
Develop the skill of multi-sided thinking by causing them gain the cultural sensitivity and experience
Teach how to behave according to cultural differences
Develop the way of thinking from individuality to globosity (Deniz, 1999).
2019 New Trends in Education & Teaching Innovation Timothy Wooi
Theme
"Turning Good Teachers to Great Innovation Leaders"
Objectives
To introduce Educators to the concept of Innovation Leadership in Education.
To equip Educators with Leadership skills needed in carrying out instructions and other school based tasks.
To help Educators develop their skills in Innovation.
New and already known technologies will become an even greater part of our common life. The Digital School will exploit this development for the benefit of students, staff and management. Students will learn to use digital competences creatively and innovatively, so they can engage in new and more ways to act and learn. The digital school focuses on 21st century skills: Critical thinking, communication and collaboration, innovation, complex problem solving, technological mastery and digital citizenship.
This text introduces the results of the first phase in the characterization of the teachers in a school, where a process of shared reflection was initiated, with a view to developing a digital culture in the school community’s day to day. Although it may well be assumed that we are dealing with a process of transformation which involves different dimensions and, at this diagnostic stage, that other subjects and areas of intervention have been analysed, we have chosen to broach here the variable of “teachers” as they appear to us as one of the determining pillars in any process of transformation within the school institution.
Seven group interviews covering a total of 53 teachers and educators were carried out, in other words, almost half of the teaching body in the school. In accordance with the objectives of the study and the respective guide, the analysis of the content of the interviews’ transcripts had to mainly reveal the perceptions of the teachers and educators, and what digital technology they already use in the school.
The results presented here confirm the idea that, from the professional point of view, the teachers use technology mainly for the preparation of the classes, although in the case of this school, they also use it regularly to support presenting material to the pupils. The teachers were seen to be very capable especially with the tools of productivity, as well as the tools to gain access to information and communication through the Internet, which they use both for personal ends and to prepare their lessons.
This SlideShare is about leading a digital school in the CEWA context. This version includes updated scenarios - hypothetical challenges designed to provoke deep thinking about ICT leadership from a Teaching and learning context.
Digital transformation - Watify Launch EventScopernia
How will digital disruption change businesses, people and society? And how should Europe and European companies, big and small, respond? My keynote on the Watify Launch Event in Brussels.
Types of technology transfer & acquisition; Modes of technology transfer; Importance, barriers & steps in internal technology transfer; Importance, barriers & steps in external technology transfer; Management of technology acquisition by a nation;
Global Education Patterns
The Concept of Globalization
Globalization started in economics but spread to many parts of our lives, like how we work, live, and share ideas. It's like a big change that has affected the whole world, making things different in the way we do stuff.
Cogburn (2000) posits that globalization encompasses profound structural transformations in the production and distribution processes within the global economy. Globalization, a fundamental concept influencing economic, social, and cultural policies, has sparked debates on its merits and drawbacks.
Globalization doesn't just affect buying and making things, or services that everyone uses, like schools. It also changes the way people live and what they value. Often, it makes local cultures similar to a standardized global culture, which can be a lot for them to handle (Kuehn, 1999).
Factors Leading Globalization
Globalization is shaping the world order, affecting social, political, and economic structures. English, used as a first or second language in nearly 100 countries, has become a universal language in media, computer, and trade. Other leading factors of globalization include:
• Increasing global communication via fiber optics, satellite and computer technology
• Integrated and coordinated product design, production, sale
• Increasing numbers of free trade agreements at international level
• Advancement of regulations and standards for trade, finance, work, product and services in whole world
• Financial markets’ giving services during 24 hours everyday
• Increasing numbers of foreign investments in many countries and increasing effects of foreign control on workers (Deniz, 1999).
Benefits of Globalization
1. Conceptual Shifts
2. Information-Intensive Economy
3. Challenges in Education
4. Interdisciplinary Approach
5. Symbol Manipulation Skills
6. Independent Thinking
7. Scientific and Technical Training
8. Addressing Information Age Challenges
9. Exchange of Ideas
10. Technological Integration
The Aim and the Importance of Global Education
The aims and importance of global education are as follows:
Let those who participate education process gain skills of new cultures
Develop the ability of distinguishing intercultural differences
Assist the people criticizing events from global perspective
Explain how different cultures affect the activities of organizations
Help students realize how attitudes are shaped and how they affect the behaviors
Develop the language and harmony skills of the managers who will work in different cultures
Provide the ability of working together with the people coming from different cultures
Develop the skill of multi-sided thinking by causing them gain the cultural sensitivity and experience
Teach how to behave according to cultural differences
Develop the way of thinking from individuality to globosity (Deniz, 1999).
2019 New Trends in Education & Teaching Innovation Timothy Wooi
Theme
"Turning Good Teachers to Great Innovation Leaders"
Objectives
To introduce Educators to the concept of Innovation Leadership in Education.
To equip Educators with Leadership skills needed in carrying out instructions and other school based tasks.
To help Educators develop their skills in Innovation.
TeleLearning in Practice: What is the Business Case?Sylvia Currie
A presentation from 1998 on the business case for TeleLearning. This presentation used H.G.Wells work from 1938 to highlight early thinkers - pace of educational change.
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg - developing a culture schooling v1 n1, 2010William Kritsonis
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Author, National FORUM Journals, Houston, Texas
www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
Influencing technological change requires not only an understanding of technology and global collaboration but an understanding that the only person you can influence is YOURSELF. This presentation covers motivational principles and how to flatten your classroom by incorporating global curriculum and connectedness into your curriculum.
This presentation is All Rights Reserved as many of the photos have been purchased from iStock photo. I cannot distribute a copy of this presentation except through embed code!
http://www.coolcatteacher.com
Designing Improved learning through ReflectionWSSU CETL
Presentation by John Zubizarreta at the 2008 Lilly Conference on College and University Teaching at Greensboro, NC, February 9, 2008.
Students do not automatically know how to reflect; they may lack the skills of reflection or they may confuse reflective inquiry with untempered emotional unloading. What are some methods that promote authentic reflection to improve learning? How do we teach reflective learning while tending to content, while keeping expectations high and while employing other familiar pedagogies? This sessions offers suggestions for how to embrace reflection to improve learning through practical strategies in the classroom.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
14. “Many reform efforts target the
superficial aspects of schools, but
disregard the values, beliefs,
behaviours, rules, products, signs,
and symbols which serve as the
very foundation of the school – the
culture.”
(Donahoe, 1997)
15. “Education, compared to many
other professions, has been slow to
focus on the “black box of
instruction” in order to develop,
identify and spread specific, highyield practices that are known to
get results.”
(Fullan, Hill & Crevola, 2006)
23. “Steeped in tradition and reliant on practices
that have long outlived their usefulness, many
of our nation’s high schools are in dire need of
reform, but so far, many efforts have proved
unsuccessful at transforming this venerable
institution. While there are numerous
examples of elementary schools that have
been turned around – from low performing to
high achieving schools – there are relatively
few examples of high schools that have
undergone a similar transformation.”
Noguera, 2009
24. “The presence of change
knowledge does not
guarantee success, but its
absence ensures failure”
Fullan, Cuttreee & Kilcher, 2009
25. Examine the core – using data
Challenge TTWWADI
Compelling case
Unfreeze
Leadership coalition
Involve external parties
Involve community
Vision and Planning
Empower action
Create urgency
Manage doubts & concerns
Celebrate
Change
Communicate often
Remove obstacles
Strategise to promote change
Develop sustainability
Refreeze
Anchor change in culture
26. 70% of change initiatives fail.
Why?
(Zigarmi et al in Blanchard, 2006).
27. Giddy-up!
Knoster, T., Villa R., & Thousand, J. (2000). A framework for thinking about systems change. In R. villa & J. Thousand (Eds.),
Restructuring for caring and effective education: Piecing the puzzle together (pp. 93-128). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
28. “If you take any hundred
or so books on change,
the message all boils
down to one word:
motivation.”
Fullan, 2006
30. “Whether positive or toxic, the
introduction of change will serve to
bring the dominant features of the
school’s culture to the surface.”
http://www.usca.edu/essays/vol122004/hinde.pdf
31. “The sceptics are just waiting for a reason to NOT come on
board. They are waiting for an excuse and as soon as one of
your plans does not go smoothly they will jump on the
opportunity to spread dissent amongst the ranks. Some of
those who were just about climbing on board may now start to
jump ship and it will be even harder to get them back”
(Ferris, 2004, p.2)
32. Which stage are you at?
1. Denial
‘It is just another fad and it simply won’t happen’
2. Resistance
3. Exploration
‘I haven’t got the time and anyway, we have
always done things this way’
‘OK – maybe I’ll listen, but what is in it for me?’
4. Commitment
‘I believe in this and I am with you.’
(Ferris, 2003,p.2)
36. Whole School Vision
Instructional Model
Curriculum
Digital Resource
‘Packs’
Communication
Rethink budget
Learning Spaces
Incentives
Alignment
Support
Community
involvement
Mentoring
Professional Development
approach
It is a familiar story: the principal comes back from a workshop/training all excited about
the concept of restorative practices – announces that everyone will be trained or
workshopped and then quickly gets annoyed when there is a small uptake rate.
If one’s theory of action does not motivate people to put in the effort – individually or collectively – that is necessary to get results, improvement is not possible”