This document presents an overview of digital image watermarking techniques. It discusses the Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) algorithm for digital image watermarking. The LSB algorithm embeds information in the least significant bits of pixels, while the DCT algorithm works in the frequency domain. The document compares the two algorithms, noting that DCT provides better robustness against noise and embeds more information, though it has higher computational complexity than LSB. Metrics for evaluating watermarking techniques like peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross-correlation are also discussed. In conclusion, the document states that a combination of techniques is typically needed for effective watermarking and that

1. Presented by :
Anand Karandikar
Guided by:
Prof. G. G. Chiddarwar
Digital Image Protection Using
Adaptive Watermarking Techniques
3 May 20141
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques

2. Overview:
DigitalWatermarking
Least Significant BitAlgorithm
Discrete CosineTransform Algorithm
Metrics for quality
LSB and DCT: Comparison
Conclusion
References
3 May 20142
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques

3. Digital Watermarking: The concept
3 May 20143
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques

4. Digital Watermarking: Types
Visible watermark:
3 May 20144
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Fig.1.VisibleWatermark

5. Digital Watermarking: Types (cont.)
Invisible watermark:
3 May 20145
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Fig.2.InvisibleWatermark

6. Digital Watermarking: Classification
3 May 20146
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Fig.3.Classification ofWatermarking techniques

7. Least Significant Bit Technique
10110101 01001101 11001101
00010011 00010100 01001010
10110100 01001100 11001101
00010010 00010100 01001011
3 May 20147
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Fig.4.The LSB Substitution technique
Embed 001001
Secret Data
Original Image
encoded
format
Embedded
data

8. 8
Secret
data
Convert to bit stream
Conversion of data
Encode Data
Embedding
Extract
Decode Data
Original Source
Image
Load Source image
Convert to
stego image
Extracted
secret data
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
3 May 2014
Fig.5.The LSB Substitution procedure

9. Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithm
3 May 20149
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Fig.6.The DCT algorithm
Fragment
Use DCT
Block selection
Coefficient selection
EmbedWatermarks
Apply inverse DCT

10. Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithm
3 May 201410
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Fig.7.The DCT region
Low band
frequency region
Middle band
frequency region
High band
frequency region

11. 3 May 201411
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Fig.8.The MBEC algorithm
Select the FM region
Select two points
say Pi(u1,v1) & Pi(u2,v2)
Pi(u1,v1)>=
Pi(u2,v2)
Encode 0 Encode 1
A
A
True False

12. 16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61
12 12 14 19 26 48 16 55
14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56
14 17 20
29 51 87 80 62
18 22 37 56 68 10
9
10
8
77
24 35 55 64 81 10
4
11
3
92
49 64 78 87 10
3
12
1
12
0
10
1
72 92 95 98 11
2
10
0
10
3
99
E.g.:
3 May 2014
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques12
16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61
12 12 14 19 26 48 16 55
14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56
14 17 20
29 51 87 80 62
18 22 37 56 68 10
9
10
8
77
24 35 55 64 81 10
4
11
3
92
49 64 78 87 10
3
12
1
12
0
10
1
72 92 95 98 11
2
10
0
10
3
99
Fig.9.An illustration of DCT algorithm
Transform
Embed
Inverse
Transform
16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61
12 12 14 19 26 48 16 55
14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56
14 17 20
29 51 87 80 62
18 22 37 56 68 10
9
10
8
77
24 35 55 64 81 10
4
11
3
92
49 64 78 87 10
3
12
1
12
0
10
1
72 92 95 98 11
2
10
0
10
3
99
16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61
12 12 14 19 26 48 16 55
14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56
14 17 20
29 51 87 80 62
18 22 37 56 68 10
9
10
8
77
24 35 55 64 81 10
4
11
3
92
49 64 78 87 10
3
12
1
12
0
10
1
72 92 95 98 11
2
10
0
10
3
99

13. MBEC: The actual thing.
3 May 2014
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques13
16 11 10 16 24 40 51 61
12 12 14 19 26 48 16 55
14 13 16 24 40 57 69 56
14 17 20 29 51 87 80 62
18 22 37 56 68 109 108 77
24 35 55 64 81 104 113 92
49 64 78 87 103 121 120 101
72 92 95 98 112 100 103 99
14 = 14; Encode 0
20 < 22; Encode 1
Fig.10.MBEC encoding

14. Metrics for quality:
 Peak Signal to Noise Ratio(PSNR) PSNR> 0.35 dB
PSNR = 10 log10 . A2
1
N x M [f(i,j) – f’(i,j)]2
 Normalized Cross-correlation(NC) NC>0.75
3 May 201414
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques

15. LSB & DCT : Comparison
LSB Substitution
technique
DCT technique
Spatial domain technique Frequency domain technique
Provides limited ROBUSTNESS Provides better ROBUSTNESS
Embeds little INFORMATION Embeds more INFORMATION
Lesser NOISE immunity Highly immune to NOISE
SIMPLE implementation COMPLEX implementation
3 May 201415
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques
Table.1.LSB and DCT technique comparison

16. Conclusion
 DigitalWatermarking proves crucial.
 A combination of more than one technique is
required.
 DCT proves to be advantageous.
3 May 201416
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques

17. References
[1].Yusuf Perwej, Firoj Parwej ,Asif Perwej -The International
Journal of Multimedia & Its Applications (IJMA)Vol.4, No.2,
April 2012,An AdaptiveWatermarkingTechnique for the
copyright of digital images and Digital Image Protection.
[2] Lin Liu -A Survey of DigitalWatermarkingTechnologies.
[3]. Petitcolas, F.A. P.,Anderson, R. J.: Kuhn, M. G.,
Information Hiding –A Survey, Proceedings of the IEEE,
Special Issue on Protection of Multimedia Content.
3 May 201417
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques

18. THANKYOU…!
3 May 201418
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques

19. 3 May 201419
Digital Image Protection UsingAdaptive
WatermarkingTechniques