This document summarizes the microscopic structure and histophysiology of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It describes the general structure of each segment, including the mucosa, glands, and cell types present. The small intestine contains circular folds, intestinal villi, and microvilli to aid absorption. The large intestine contains semilunar folds and crypts of Lieberkühn and processes waste material.

1. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE HISTOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE INTESTINE BLOOD AND LYMPH CIRCULATION

2. Recommended addresses: http://www.med.muni.cz/histol/ Sylabus-zahr.rtf http://www.med.muni.cz/histol/ vseob2pda.rtf http://www.med.muni.cz/histol/ atlas.htm

4. D igestive system consists of:

5. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL

9. Esophagus

10. Stomach ( lat. ventriculus, ř. gaster, stomachus) segment of alimentary canal that digests food and secretes hormones food mixed with gastric juice = chyme volume cca 2 l

12. Cardia ventriculi: a narrow circular band (1,5 -3,0 cm in with) at the transition between esophagus and stomach change of the epithelium mucous cardiac glands in the lamina propria (mucus + lysozyme)

14. Fundus et corpus ventriculi:

16. Mucosa: - simple columnar epithelium - lamina propria mucoae - loose areolar conn. tissue - lamina muscularis mucoae

17. lamina propria is penetrated with branched tubular glands- gastric (fundic) glands 3 parts: base, body and neck 4 cell types: - chief (pepsinogenic) - parietal (oxyntic, HCl) - nucous neck - enteroendocrine gastric juice

18. an enzyme typical of oxyntic (parietal) cells is carbonic anhydrase

19. Pylorus ventriculi: deeper gastric pits, reticular conn. tissue, pyloric glands

22. circular plicae (valves of Kerckring, plicae circulares) Intestinal villi (villi intestinales) Microvilli

27. Paneth´s cells

29. intestinal villus

31. Jejunum

32. BLOOD AND LYMPH CIRCULATION

37. Large intestine - surface semilunar plicae absence of intestinal villi crypts of Lieberkühn retained

40. Vermiform appendix

42. The rectum: