IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
This study examines the content of constructivist learning paradigms in the textbook and students' understanding of the Introduction to Education course. Data collection methods are the textbook, student answer documentation, focused review session and assignment of student resume. The textbook analysis found five substances of constructivist learning paradigm, namely the nature of human, lifelong education, learning independence, the role of information technology, and the integration of educational benchmarks, which are parts of the textbook chapters. Analysis of the answers to the tasks, quizzes and student exams indicates that the students' understanding of the substance of this material is still medium or partial but has increased significantly after a focused review session was held, i.e. 75% or more students have a good and complete understanding. From the results of this study, it is suggested that (1) the textbook of Introduction to Education is rewritten, to put the five substances of constructivist learning paradigm as separate chapters so as to obtain their broader and deeper study portion; and (2) the materials not yet understood well by the students should be reviewed through a focused review session.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The effects of using game in cooperative learning strategy on learning outco...Eva Handriyantini
The game in learning can be used to increase the learning motivation of students, and having a contribution to development of students learning outcome. Research design used in this research is factorial non-equivalent control group design, where the research subject is students at 4th grade at SDN Lowokwaru III, Malang. Moderator variables in this research are learning motivations, grouped into high learning motivation and low learning motivation. Data analysis technique used in this research is ANCOVA ( Analysis of Covariance ) rank two 2x2. The instruments used in the learning motivation in this research adopting from Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (Pintrich et. al., 1990). A scale of measurement a motivation in MSLQ contains 3 a major component indicators: (1) Intrinsic Goal Orientation; (2) Extrinsic Goal Orientation; (3) Task Value; (4) Control Beliefs; (5) Self-Efficacy; (6) Test anxiety. Based on data analysis, research outcome can be summarized as follows: (1) there is difference between average learning result of student group which use game-assisted cooperative learning strategy and average learning result of student group which use cooperative learning strategy without game; (2) there is difference between average learning result of students whohave low learning motivationand average learning result of students who have high learning motivation at all treatment groups; (3) there is significant difference of average learning result based on interaction between treatment group with game-assisted cooperative learning strategy and treatment group with non-game-assisted cooperative learning strategy, and learning motivation (low and high).
http://www.ccsprojects.com/ – This White Paper explains how CCS Presentation Systems partner SMART Technologies uses SMART learning environment is an integrated, scalable and future-proof means of bringing differentiation to the classroom. SMART products support flexible grouping at all levels – whole-class, group, and individual.
Influence of Assessment Process on Students Higher Order Learning in Science ...iosrjce
The study is an attempt to find out the influence of assessment process on students higher order
learning in science subjects in Bangladesh. The main objectives of the study are: (i) to identify the nature of the
question items of science subjects, (ii) to examine what kind of learning is influenced by the question items, and
(iii) to identify the role of science exams on students higher order learning. Findings of the study showed that,
majority of the science question items are mostly knowledge based. The nature of the items mainly demanded
the memorizing ability of the learners and it can be said that simple learning or straightforward learning skills
like memorizing is influenced heavily by the question items. It is also found unlikely but truly that; the question
items do not play any significant role on students higher order learning. The foregoing discussions suggest that
the nature of the assessment process used at the examinations make a bad or negative impact on students
learning. Therefore, the nature of the question items of the science examination should be changed for
influencing the students higher order learning and it should cover all the sub-domain of the cognitive domain of
learning. The items should be designed in such a way that it encourages the students for self-thinking
This study examines the content of constructivist learning paradigms in the textbook and students' understanding of the Introduction to Education course. Data collection methods are the textbook, student answer documentation, focused review session and assignment of student resume. The textbook analysis found five substances of constructivist learning paradigm, namely the nature of human, lifelong education, learning independence, the role of information technology, and the integration of educational benchmarks, which are parts of the textbook chapters. Analysis of the answers to the tasks, quizzes and student exams indicates that the students' understanding of the substance of this material is still medium or partial but has increased significantly after a focused review session was held, i.e. 75% or more students have a good and complete understanding. From the results of this study, it is suggested that (1) the textbook of Introduction to Education is rewritten, to put the five substances of constructivist learning paradigm as separate chapters so as to obtain their broader and deeper study portion; and (2) the materials not yet understood well by the students should be reviewed through a focused review session.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The effects of using game in cooperative learning strategy on learning outco...Eva Handriyantini
The game in learning can be used to increase the learning motivation of students, and having a contribution to development of students learning outcome. Research design used in this research is factorial non-equivalent control group design, where the research subject is students at 4th grade at SDN Lowokwaru III, Malang. Moderator variables in this research are learning motivations, grouped into high learning motivation and low learning motivation. Data analysis technique used in this research is ANCOVA ( Analysis of Covariance ) rank two 2x2. The instruments used in the learning motivation in this research adopting from Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) (Pintrich et. al., 1990). A scale of measurement a motivation in MSLQ contains 3 a major component indicators: (1) Intrinsic Goal Orientation; (2) Extrinsic Goal Orientation; (3) Task Value; (4) Control Beliefs; (5) Self-Efficacy; (6) Test anxiety. Based on data analysis, research outcome can be summarized as follows: (1) there is difference between average learning result of student group which use game-assisted cooperative learning strategy and average learning result of student group which use cooperative learning strategy without game; (2) there is difference between average learning result of students whohave low learning motivationand average learning result of students who have high learning motivation at all treatment groups; (3) there is significant difference of average learning result based on interaction between treatment group with game-assisted cooperative learning strategy and treatment group with non-game-assisted cooperative learning strategy, and learning motivation (low and high).
http://www.ccsprojects.com/ – This White Paper explains how CCS Presentation Systems partner SMART Technologies uses SMART learning environment is an integrated, scalable and future-proof means of bringing differentiation to the classroom. SMART products support flexible grouping at all levels – whole-class, group, and individual.
Influence of Assessment Process on Students Higher Order Learning in Science ...iosrjce
The study is an attempt to find out the influence of assessment process on students higher order
learning in science subjects in Bangladesh. The main objectives of the study are: (i) to identify the nature of the
question items of science subjects, (ii) to examine what kind of learning is influenced by the question items, and
(iii) to identify the role of science exams on students higher order learning. Findings of the study showed that,
majority of the science question items are mostly knowledge based. The nature of the items mainly demanded
the memorizing ability of the learners and it can be said that simple learning or straightforward learning skills
like memorizing is influenced heavily by the question items. It is also found unlikely but truly that; the question
items do not play any significant role on students higher order learning. The foregoing discussions suggest that
the nature of the assessment process used at the examinations make a bad or negative impact on students
learning. Therefore, the nature of the question items of the science examination should be changed for
influencing the students higher order learning and it should cover all the sub-domain of the cognitive domain of
learning. The items should be designed in such a way that it encourages the students for self-thinking
Recycling has become somewhat a buzzword in our society. Everybody seems to be so concerned about the nature and preserving the environment and yet not many people actually do it. Here are some facts that will bring to your attention the true importance of recycling.
American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development is indexed, refereed and peer-reviewed journal, which is designed to publish research articles.
What are the learning styles in differentiated instruction?.PPTAine42
The overall aim of Module 2 is to provide you with insight into the theory behind the various learning styles and multiple intelligences and how you may practically implement these theories when planning more learner-centred lessons. Module 2 aims to provide concrete reasoning as to why learner centred lessons are particularly relevant today.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
2. DIFFERENTIATION MODELS 2
Differentiation Models & Rationale
Differentiated instruction (DI) is, simply, high-quality instruction. It’s what good teachers do
on a daily basis. DI is a way to meet the needs of the students who make each class uniquely
diverse. A teacher who implements DI with fidelity pays attention to each student’s learner
profile. According to Lambert and Ennis, a learner profile should be composed of “learning
style, intelligence preference, gender, and culture” (2012). When a teacher is aware of these
qualities in their students, they are not only differentiating instruction, they are using best
practices.
Neuroscience deals with the structure and function of the nervous system and the brain. What
does this have to do with DI? Thanks to neuroscience, we know that “three primary brain
networks come into play” when learning is occurring: Recognition, Strategic, and Affective
Networks (2014). The Recognition Network (the “what” of learning) is “located in the back of
the brain...[enabling] us to identify and interpret patterns of [the five senses] and [enabling] us to
recognize voices, faces, letters, words, and more complex patterns” (2011). In other words,
Recognition Networks help us to not only identify patterns, ideas, concepts, and other
information, but also to understand them. In order to differentiate instruction to accommodate
different learners’ Recognition Networks, teachers need to “present information and content in
different ways” (CAST 2015).
Strategic Networks are located in the front of the brain. Also known as the “how” of learning,
this network allows learners to “plan, execute, and monitor [their] internally generated mental
and motor pattern-actions and skills” (2011). When differentiating to accommodate Strategic
Networks, teachers must “differentiate the ways that students can express what they know”
3. DIFFERENTIATION MODELS 3
(CAST 2015). More simply, teachers must allow students to take different solution pathways,
utilizing different problem-solving strategies to express their knowledge.
The “why” of learning is within the Affective Networks. “Affective Networks are specialized
to evaluate patterns and assign them emotional significance; they enable us to engage with tasks
and learning and with the world around us” (2011). Basically, students need to be motivated. In
DI, a teacher can accommodate the Affective Networks of their students by “stimulating interest
and [providing] motivation for learning” (CAST 2015).
Research in the field of cognitive psychology has lent itself to DI. Lev Vygotsky developed
the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) on the idea of scaffolding. Scaffolding is when a
teacher structures “interactions and developing instruction in small steps based on tasks the
learner is already capable performing independently” (Zeuli 1986). The teacher provides support
until the student can work independently: this is a student’s ZPD.
Jean Piaget’s research focused on child cognitive development. One area of Piaget’s
Cognitive Theory focuses on schema: how information is organized and interpreted in the brain.
Schemata allow us to form a mental representation of the world. Piaget called schemata the
basic building blocks of intelligent behavior. “When Piaget talked about the development of a
person’s mental processes, he was referring to increases in the number and complexity of the
schemata that a person had learned” (McLeod 2015). Teachers have to be aware of the best
ways to help students store and retrieve information so schemata can develop.
Jerome Bruner’s research showed “that, when interest is tapped, learning is more likely to be
rewarding and students become more autonomous learners” (Allan & Tomlinson 2000). Howard
Gardner developed the Theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI). MI Theory states that people have
different intelligences and learn in many different ways. “Having an understanding of different
4. DIFFERENTIATION MODELS 4
teaching approaches from which we all can learn, as well as a toolbox with a variety of ways to
present content to students, is valuable for increasing the accessibility of learning experiences for
all students” (2013).
Different models of DI exist, including Tomlinson’s Differentiated Instruction Model and
Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Tomlinson’s research-based model is framed by “high
quality curriculum, continual assessment, respectful tasks, building community, flexible
grouping, and teaching up” (2010). UDL, also research-based, is a model that utilizes learner
profiles to meet the needs of all students. These needs are met with three guiding principles.
The first principle, Multiple Means of Representation, allows students to “[acquire] information
and knowledge” in a variety of ways (CAST 2015). The second principle, Multiple Means of
Action and Expression, allows students access to “options for demonstrating what they know”
(2015). The final principle, Multiple Means of Engagement, states teachers need to “tap into
learners’ interests, offer appropriate challenges, and increase motivation” (2015).
Both Tomlinson’s DI Model and UDL are supported by research and allow teachers flexibility
in assessments. Formative assessment (FA) is appropriate for both models because it is ongoing
for the purpose of driving instruction. FA also allows teachers to focus on the learning processes
of students, which is at the core of DI. Moreover, it can be used as a pre-assessment for
readiness. Four examples of quality FA are “confidence scales, teacher observation, exit cards,
[and] student journals” (Dahlman, Hoffman, Brauhn 2012).
Confidence scales are a quick measure of student feelings about a task or assignment. A scale
can be done during an assignment or as a post-survey. Although some confidence scales include
a set of statements with a ranking system, a simple thumb survey will suffice: thumbs-up,
5. DIFFERENTIATION MODELS 5
thumbs-down, or thumbs-to-the-side in a quick flash can help a teacher quickly adapt the
direction of a task or assignment.
In teacher observation, teachers are looking for a variety of signals from students. Body
language and facial expressions signal interest-level. Student conversations inform of
comprehension, progress, misconceptions, and roadblocks, as does student work. Teacher
observations are a quick way to adjust the instructional timeline and approach smoothly.
Exit cards, also known as exit slips, can range from math problems and short responses to
statements or questions about a topic or lesson. Just like observation and confidence scales, exit
slips allow a teacher to adjust the instructional timeline and approach based on students’ needs.
The difference is that changes won’t be on-the-spot, yet student responses are confidential.
Often, much is revealed on exit cards because they are private and students are free from peer
critique.
Freedom from peer critique also exists in student journals. Although not an immediate means
of FA, journals give students time to be thoughtful and confident at the same time. Journals are a
place for students to free-write, solve problems, answer short or extended response questions, or
ask the teacher questions in a confidential manner. Teachers can gather much information from
journals, including progress, comprehension, struggles, and interest.
In traditional classrooms, teachers implement a myriad of FA strategies, yet they fail to adjust
instructional strategies and pace. In a differentiated classroom, the FAs are used to identify
learner needs and meet them. Another difference between traditional classrooms and
differentiated classrooms is the instructional strategies used by the teacher.
In a traditional classroom, the teacher usually spends the majority of the time instructing. An
assignment is given. This cycle is repeated daily yet, although it is a familiar routine for
6. DIFFERENTIATION MODELS 6
students, it doesn’t meet the diverse needs of a class. In a differentiated classroom, students have
access to options like group work, choice boards, and tiered assignments. They are
accommodated, interested, comfortable, and empowered. Success is made possible for each
unique individual.
In differentiated classrooms, teachers consider students’ learner profiles. A learner profile
might include knowledge of learning style, multiple intelligences, learning environment
preference, and family background. It’s all about providing students the learning environment
they prefer. In a traditional classroom, instruction and environment have a one-size-fits-all
approach, and the size is determined by the teacher.
Another way that differentiated classrooms are different than traditional classrooms is the
way in which grade-level standards are approached. In traditional classrooms, the standards
often become a teacher’s checklist for the material they’ve covered. In a differentiated
classroom, standards are merged with student readiness and learning is built on intuitive
knowledge. Common Core states have access to extended standards, which “ensure that students
with…cognitive disabilities are provided with multiple ways to learn and demonstrate
knowledge” (2015).
Differentiated instruction is high-quality instruction. Teachers who are differentiating
instruction are meeting students where they are when they walk into the room. Teachers are
affording these students equal opportunities for growth. Doing anything less is a disservice to
students.
7. DIFFERENTIATION MODELS 7
References
Academic content standards extended. (2016). Retrieved July 08, 2016, from
http://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Special-Education/Students-With-Disabilities-1
Dahlman, A., Hoffman, P., & Brauhn, S. (2012, February 14). Classroom strategies and tools for
differentiating instruction in the... Retrieved July 08, 2016, from
http://www.slideshare.net/DaniyarIbraev/classroom-strategies-and-tools-for-
differentiating-instruction-in-the-esl-
classroom?ref=https://blackboard.utdl.edu/webapps/blackboard/execute/displayLearning
Unit?course_id
Differentiation central: reach every learner every day through differentiated instruction. (2010).
Retrieved July 08, 2016, from http://www.diffcentral.com/DIis.html
McLeod, S. (2015). Jean piaget. Retrieved July 08, 2016, from
http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html
Multiple intelligences: what does the research Say? (2013). Retrieved July 08, 2016, from
http://www.edutopia.org/multiple-intelligences-research
Recognition network/representation. (2011). Retrieved July 08, 2016, from
https://udlhcpss.wordpress.com/brain-networks/brain-networks
Research & development. (2015). Retrieved July 08, 2016, from http://www.cast.org/our-
work/research-development
Tomlinson, C. A., & Allan, S. D. (2000). Leadership for differentiating schools and classrooms.
Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
UDL guidelines: theory & practice version | national center on universal design for learning.
(2014, November). Retrieved July 08, 2016, from