IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSRJRME) is an open access journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of research & method in education. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on advanced research & method in education concepts and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Constructivism is a theory of learning that emphasizes active engagement by students in constructing their own knowledge and understanding. It holds that students learn best when they can connect new ideas to their prior knowledge through hands-on activities and social interactions. The document discusses how constructivist teaching methods provide benefits like considering student interests, encouraging active and engaged learning, and promoting cooperative learning over a traditional, passive approach.
The document discusses pedagogical skills for teachers. It defines pedagogy as the art of teaching and conveys that pedagogical skills include classroom management and content delivery abilities. Specific skills mentioned are behavior management, creating an engaging learning environment, knowing students, and reflecting on teaching practices. The concept of pedagogical content knowledge is also summarized, which emphasizes the intersection between a teacher's understanding of content and effective teaching strategies. The document concludes by defining inclusive teaching and providing examples of how to teach inclusively through curriculum choices, classroom environment, getting to know students, and varied assessments.
The document discusses developing a personal teaching philosophy. It explains that a teaching philosophy outlines one's beliefs about education, teaching methods, the role of teachers, and approaches to student learning and assessment. It then provides examples of common teaching philosophy types like perennialist, essentialist, progressive, and reconstructionist and describes their key characteristics regarding the focus and role of teachers, curriculum, and classroom approach. The document stresses that articulating a clear teaching philosophy can guide classroom practices and decision making.
The document discusses the importance of teachers having a clear philosophy of education. A philosophy of education should include one's views on students, curriculum, and teaching methods. It also presents examples of different teachers' philosophies, which emphasize values, student-centered learning, and developing each child's potential. Additionally, the document reviews a study finding that communities view teachers as playing important roles in character development, discipline, and being respected models for children.
The document discusses the philosophy of perennialism as a teacher-centered approach to education. Perennialism focuses on transferring universal and immutable knowledge from teachers to students through the curriculum. It emphasizes instilling respect for authority and intellectual and moral development in students. The role of the teacher is to act as a director who delivers clear lectures and coaches students in critical thinking. Some prominent educational leaders associated with perennialism mentioned are Robert Maynard Hutchins, Mortimer J. Adler, and Jacques Maritain.
Presentation at the Korea TESOL Busan Chapter meeting of June 8 2013. See handout at http://www.slideshare.net/RobertDickey/portfolio-handoutjune2013dickey
This document discusses student-centered learning in education. Student-centered learning focuses on the needs and abilities of students by making the learning relevant to their lives. It aims to increase student motivation by allowing them to discover information through practical experiences and group learning activities. Some advantages of student-centered learning mentioned include strengthening student motivation, promoting peer communication, and building student-teacher relationships. While India currently uses a mixture of teacher-centered and student-centered approaches, the document suggests greater policy support is needed for school-based teacher professional development to further encourage student-centered learning.
Constructivist Approach to Teaching and LearningChristyFrye
The document discusses the constructivist approach to teaching and learning. It provides an overview of constructivism, including that children construct understandings of the world from their experiences and prior knowledge. It also discusses theorists like Piaget who studied cognitive development in stages. The document describes how constructivism applies in classrooms, with hands-on learning and student-centered lessons. It concludes with an example constructivist classroom that uses scaffolding, hands-on activities, group work, and discussions.
Constructivism is a theory of learning that emphasizes active engagement by students in constructing their own knowledge and understanding. It holds that students learn best when they can connect new ideas to their prior knowledge through hands-on activities and social interactions. The document discusses how constructivist teaching methods provide benefits like considering student interests, encouraging active and engaged learning, and promoting cooperative learning over a traditional, passive approach.
The document discusses pedagogical skills for teachers. It defines pedagogy as the art of teaching and conveys that pedagogical skills include classroom management and content delivery abilities. Specific skills mentioned are behavior management, creating an engaging learning environment, knowing students, and reflecting on teaching practices. The concept of pedagogical content knowledge is also summarized, which emphasizes the intersection between a teacher's understanding of content and effective teaching strategies. The document concludes by defining inclusive teaching and providing examples of how to teach inclusively through curriculum choices, classroom environment, getting to know students, and varied assessments.
The document discusses developing a personal teaching philosophy. It explains that a teaching philosophy outlines one's beliefs about education, teaching methods, the role of teachers, and approaches to student learning and assessment. It then provides examples of common teaching philosophy types like perennialist, essentialist, progressive, and reconstructionist and describes their key characteristics regarding the focus and role of teachers, curriculum, and classroom approach. The document stresses that articulating a clear teaching philosophy can guide classroom practices and decision making.
The document discusses the importance of teachers having a clear philosophy of education. A philosophy of education should include one's views on students, curriculum, and teaching methods. It also presents examples of different teachers' philosophies, which emphasize values, student-centered learning, and developing each child's potential. Additionally, the document reviews a study finding that communities view teachers as playing important roles in character development, discipline, and being respected models for children.
The document discusses the philosophy of perennialism as a teacher-centered approach to education. Perennialism focuses on transferring universal and immutable knowledge from teachers to students through the curriculum. It emphasizes instilling respect for authority and intellectual and moral development in students. The role of the teacher is to act as a director who delivers clear lectures and coaches students in critical thinking. Some prominent educational leaders associated with perennialism mentioned are Robert Maynard Hutchins, Mortimer J. Adler, and Jacques Maritain.
Presentation at the Korea TESOL Busan Chapter meeting of June 8 2013. See handout at http://www.slideshare.net/RobertDickey/portfolio-handoutjune2013dickey
This document discusses student-centered learning in education. Student-centered learning focuses on the needs and abilities of students by making the learning relevant to their lives. It aims to increase student motivation by allowing them to discover information through practical experiences and group learning activities. Some advantages of student-centered learning mentioned include strengthening student motivation, promoting peer communication, and building student-teacher relationships. While India currently uses a mixture of teacher-centered and student-centered approaches, the document suggests greater policy support is needed for school-based teacher professional development to further encourage student-centered learning.
Constructivist Approach to Teaching and LearningChristyFrye
The document discusses the constructivist approach to teaching and learning. It provides an overview of constructivism, including that children construct understandings of the world from their experiences and prior knowledge. It also discusses theorists like Piaget who studied cognitive development in stages. The document describes how constructivism applies in classrooms, with hands-on learning and student-centered lessons. It concludes with an example constructivist classroom that uses scaffolding, hands-on activities, group work, and discussions.
The document discusses different models of teaching including transmission, transaction, and transformation. It also discusses teaching as both an art and a science. Specifically, it emphasizes that teaching requires personal commitment from both instructors and learners. Effective teaching involves transferring skills to new applications and using appropriate instructional methods and techniques. As a science, teaching examines traditional practices and focuses on contexts, goals, learning environments, techniques, and evaluation. Overall, the document presents teaching as a holistic process requiring domain knowledge, flexible belief systems, and consideration of students and instructional design.
Inquiry-based learning is an approach that emphasizes the student's role in the learning process by encouraging exploration of material, asking questions, and sharing ideas rather than simply being told information. It uses techniques like small group discussion and hands-on learning to allow students to build knowledge through experience and discussion. Research shows that inquiry-based learning leads to higher retention rates compared to traditional lecture-based methods since students are actively engaged in exploring topics themselves rather than just listening or reading about them. The benefits of this approach include enhancing the learning experience, developing important skills, fostering curiosity, deepening understanding of topics, allowing students to take ownership of their learning, and increasing engagement to create a lasting love of learning.
Principles are fundamental rules or concepts that guide education. There are starting, guiding, and ending principles. Starting principles involve student characteristics, guiding principles are instructional methods, and ending principles are educational goals. Learning principles include that learning is experiential, cooperative, evolutionary, and involves problem-solving. Thorndike's laws of readiness, exercise, and effect and additional laws of primacy, recency, and intensity also guide learning. Learning theories include behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, experiential learning, humanism, andragogy, pragmatism, and sensory learning. Principles provide compasses to guide education practices.
Historical prospective of curriculum developmentGolnaz Azami
The document discusses the historical perspectives of curriculum development. It defines curriculum as what is taught in school, a sequence of courses, a set of subjects, performance objectives, and content. Curriculum development has been motivated by religion, politics, utilitarianism, mass education, and excellence. Traditional curriculum viewed it as rigid body of subjects prepared by teachers for students to learn from. It aimed to fit learners into the existing social order. Modern curriculum considers the total experiences of the learner and is learner-centered and flexible based on interests. It uses life experiences to prepare students for social life and values constant revision and experimental techniques.
The document discusses the benefits of laboratory and inquiry-based teaching methods. It emphasizes that labs allow students to actively engage in science through hands-on activities rather than just listening to lectures. Effective lab instruction follows a learning cycle of engaging students, allowing them to explore concepts and learn skills, explaining questions generated, having students elaborate on their knowledge, and evaluating their understanding. Labs aim to teach observational and problem-solving skills while nurturing a constructive attitude.
Student-centered learning focuses on the needs of students rather than teachers or administrators. It actively engages students in their own learning by encouraging independent thinking, allowing student interests to guide activities, and giving students choices and authentic problems to solve. Students are assessed on demonstrating their understanding in various ways and receive guided support as they monitor their own learning.
The document discusses different approaches to curriculum development in the Philippine context. It provides an overview of the history of curriculum development in the Philippines under different ruling powers from pre-Spanish times to the present Philippine Republic. It also outlines key factors to consider in curriculum development such as cultural values, knowledge of learners, teaching/learning theories, and content selection. Different theories and approaches to curriculum development are examined, including technical-scientific, behavioral, and humanistic approaches.
Inquiry-based learning focuses on having students actively investigate topics rather than passively receiving information from the teacher. It emphasizes learning how scientific knowledge is gained through evidence rather than just presenting established facts. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than dispenser of knowledge, allowing students to take a more independent role in the learning process. Research shows that understanding science requires building new knowledge on existing concepts and that effective learning involves social interaction and student control over the learning process.
The document provides information about inquiry-based learning from the Department of Education. It defines inquiry-based learning as a student-centered pedagogy where students' questions and observations are central to the learning experience. The key aspects are learning stimulated by inquiry, student-centered approach, self-directed learning, and an active learning process. The document also discusses different levels of inquiry from limited confirmation to open inquiry. It introduces the 5E learning model for inquiry-based teaching comprising engage, explore, explain, elaborate, and evaluate stages.
The 5E's is an instructional model based on the constructivist approach to learning, which says that learners build or construct new ideas on top of their old ideas. The 5 E's can be used with students of all ages, including adults. Each of the 5 E's describes a phase of learning, and each phase begins with the letter "E": Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate. The 5 E's allows students and teachers to experience common activities, to use and build on prior knowledge and experience, to construct meaning, and to continually assess their understanding of a concept.
In this model of learning, students learn in five sequential phases i.e. Engagement- Exploration-Explanation-Elaboration-Evaluation.
The Indirect & Experiential Instruction StrategiesNatasha Dunn
The document discusses indirect and experiential instruction strategies, including inquiry-based learning where students discover knowledge through investigation rather than direct instruction, as well as experiential learning approaches like simulations, role playing, and the Kolb model of learning through concrete experiences and reflective observation. Effective implementation of these strategies involves structuring learning environments, soliciting student involvement, and providing feedback to move students from specific examples to generalized conclusions.
Julien Sanghyo Park outlines their philosophy of education in this document. They view teaching as their true calling and get the most joy from seeing learning take place in students. Park's education philosophy draws from existentialism, perennialism, and some aspects of progressivism. As an existentialist, they see the learner and learning as unique to each individual. Their goal as a teacher is to awaken students' potential and facilitate their choice by promoting autonomous critical thinking, which they view as their daily mission in the classroom.
This document discusses different types of knowledge:
1) Empirical knowledge is gained through the senses like sight, taste, touch, smell, and sometimes with instruments. Rational knowledge is based on logical truths. Intuitive knowledge is possessed without knowing where it came from.
2) Observations involve direct descriptions through senses, while interpretations build on concepts and experiences to further explain observations.
3) In experiments, scientists manipulate the independent variable and measure the dependent variable to search for cause-and-effect relationships in nature. Controlled variables are kept constant.
Perennialism focuses on developing timeless virtues and acquiring knowledge for its own sake through teacher-centered lectures. Teachers instill virtues in students and teach subject matter to all, while students develop virtues and use knowledge in making life decisions. The curriculum emphasizes arts, sciences, and common core subjects.
This is useful for students whose topic is concerned about the new curriculum of the Philippine Education. This is presented in a brief yet understandable way for students' usage in their course subject.
The document discusses guiding principles for selecting and using effective teaching strategies. It advocates for active, hands-on learning that engages multiple senses. A non-threatening learning environment enhances education by establishing rapport, respect and a sense of community. Emotions can increase retention, and learning is most meaningful when connected to students' lives. An integrated approach considers different learning styles and draws connections across topics. The best teaching methods achieve learning objectives and engage students.
Constructivism is a learning theory that suggests people actively construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences. Key aspects of constructivism include learning being an active process where knowledge is constructed based on experiences, and learning being a personal interpretation of the world. Constructivist teaching methods focus on creating a democratic and interactive environment where the teacher facilitates learning and students are autonomous. Activities like films, field trips, class discussions and experiments allow students to apply concepts in multiple contexts and actively engage in building their own knowledge.
Professional learning communities overview 1Keith Eades
This document provides an overview of professional learning communities (PLCs) including definitions, core values and concepts. It discusses that a PLC is an ongoing process where educators work collaboratively in cycles of inquiry to improve student results. The key ideas of a PLC are ensuring all students learn, a culture of collaboration, and having a focus on results driven by data. Teams must establish clear norms for collaboration and assess their effectiveness regularly. The document outlines cultural shifts needed for a successful PLC, including changing the focus from teaching to learning and using formative assessments to guide intervention.
Essentialism- Philosophical Foundation of EducationLovely Paulin
Essentialism focuses on teaching core academic subjects thoroughly. It believes students should learn fundamental knowledge and skills, especially in basic subjects like reading, writing and arithmetic. Teachers are responsible for transmitting important cultural knowledge to students through direct instruction techniques like lecture and memorization. Students are expected to be passive learners who master the material provided by their teachers. Proponents of essentialism like William Bagley and E.D. Hirsch argue this approach prepares students for life by teaching them essential knowledge and skills.
This document presents the author's teaching philosophy, which is influenced by various learning theories. The author believes that:
1) Behaviorism can be used to establish classroom behaviors but a more student-centered approach is needed. Social cognitive theory and constructivism should be the dominant approaches as students' skills progress.
2) Constructivism and social learning theories emphasize that students learn best when they can explore topics autonomously and collaboratively construct knowledge, with teachers as guides.
3) Situated cognition moves students toward mastery by anchoring concepts through practice, modeling, and social interaction with experts, continuing the emphasis on learning as a social activity.
This document discusses task-based language learning (TBLL) and how it is implemented in the classroom. It notes that TBLL started gaining popularity in 1996 with Jane Willis' book on the topic. Traditionally, language learning followed a present-practice-perform (PPP) model, but TBLL proposes completing tasks as the basis for learning. Tasks can include information gap activities, problem-solving tasks, and jigsaw activities. The document also discusses the different steps in TBLL, including pre-task, task cycle, and language focus.
The document discusses different models of teaching including transmission, transaction, and transformation. It also discusses teaching as both an art and a science. Specifically, it emphasizes that teaching requires personal commitment from both instructors and learners. Effective teaching involves transferring skills to new applications and using appropriate instructional methods and techniques. As a science, teaching examines traditional practices and focuses on contexts, goals, learning environments, techniques, and evaluation. Overall, the document presents teaching as a holistic process requiring domain knowledge, flexible belief systems, and consideration of students and instructional design.
Inquiry-based learning is an approach that emphasizes the student's role in the learning process by encouraging exploration of material, asking questions, and sharing ideas rather than simply being told information. It uses techniques like small group discussion and hands-on learning to allow students to build knowledge through experience and discussion. Research shows that inquiry-based learning leads to higher retention rates compared to traditional lecture-based methods since students are actively engaged in exploring topics themselves rather than just listening or reading about them. The benefits of this approach include enhancing the learning experience, developing important skills, fostering curiosity, deepening understanding of topics, allowing students to take ownership of their learning, and increasing engagement to create a lasting love of learning.
Principles are fundamental rules or concepts that guide education. There are starting, guiding, and ending principles. Starting principles involve student characteristics, guiding principles are instructional methods, and ending principles are educational goals. Learning principles include that learning is experiential, cooperative, evolutionary, and involves problem-solving. Thorndike's laws of readiness, exercise, and effect and additional laws of primacy, recency, and intensity also guide learning. Learning theories include behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, experiential learning, humanism, andragogy, pragmatism, and sensory learning. Principles provide compasses to guide education practices.
Historical prospective of curriculum developmentGolnaz Azami
The document discusses the historical perspectives of curriculum development. It defines curriculum as what is taught in school, a sequence of courses, a set of subjects, performance objectives, and content. Curriculum development has been motivated by religion, politics, utilitarianism, mass education, and excellence. Traditional curriculum viewed it as rigid body of subjects prepared by teachers for students to learn from. It aimed to fit learners into the existing social order. Modern curriculum considers the total experiences of the learner and is learner-centered and flexible based on interests. It uses life experiences to prepare students for social life and values constant revision and experimental techniques.
The document discusses the benefits of laboratory and inquiry-based teaching methods. It emphasizes that labs allow students to actively engage in science through hands-on activities rather than just listening to lectures. Effective lab instruction follows a learning cycle of engaging students, allowing them to explore concepts and learn skills, explaining questions generated, having students elaborate on their knowledge, and evaluating their understanding. Labs aim to teach observational and problem-solving skills while nurturing a constructive attitude.
Student-centered learning focuses on the needs of students rather than teachers or administrators. It actively engages students in their own learning by encouraging independent thinking, allowing student interests to guide activities, and giving students choices and authentic problems to solve. Students are assessed on demonstrating their understanding in various ways and receive guided support as they monitor their own learning.
The document discusses different approaches to curriculum development in the Philippine context. It provides an overview of the history of curriculum development in the Philippines under different ruling powers from pre-Spanish times to the present Philippine Republic. It also outlines key factors to consider in curriculum development such as cultural values, knowledge of learners, teaching/learning theories, and content selection. Different theories and approaches to curriculum development are examined, including technical-scientific, behavioral, and humanistic approaches.
Inquiry-based learning focuses on having students actively investigate topics rather than passively receiving information from the teacher. It emphasizes learning how scientific knowledge is gained through evidence rather than just presenting established facts. The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than dispenser of knowledge, allowing students to take a more independent role in the learning process. Research shows that understanding science requires building new knowledge on existing concepts and that effective learning involves social interaction and student control over the learning process.
The document provides information about inquiry-based learning from the Department of Education. It defines inquiry-based learning as a student-centered pedagogy where students' questions and observations are central to the learning experience. The key aspects are learning stimulated by inquiry, student-centered approach, self-directed learning, and an active learning process. The document also discusses different levels of inquiry from limited confirmation to open inquiry. It introduces the 5E learning model for inquiry-based teaching comprising engage, explore, explain, elaborate, and evaluate stages.
The 5E's is an instructional model based on the constructivist approach to learning, which says that learners build or construct new ideas on top of their old ideas. The 5 E's can be used with students of all ages, including adults. Each of the 5 E's describes a phase of learning, and each phase begins with the letter "E": Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate. The 5 E's allows students and teachers to experience common activities, to use and build on prior knowledge and experience, to construct meaning, and to continually assess their understanding of a concept.
In this model of learning, students learn in five sequential phases i.e. Engagement- Exploration-Explanation-Elaboration-Evaluation.
The Indirect & Experiential Instruction StrategiesNatasha Dunn
The document discusses indirect and experiential instruction strategies, including inquiry-based learning where students discover knowledge through investigation rather than direct instruction, as well as experiential learning approaches like simulations, role playing, and the Kolb model of learning through concrete experiences and reflective observation. Effective implementation of these strategies involves structuring learning environments, soliciting student involvement, and providing feedback to move students from specific examples to generalized conclusions.
Julien Sanghyo Park outlines their philosophy of education in this document. They view teaching as their true calling and get the most joy from seeing learning take place in students. Park's education philosophy draws from existentialism, perennialism, and some aspects of progressivism. As an existentialist, they see the learner and learning as unique to each individual. Their goal as a teacher is to awaken students' potential and facilitate their choice by promoting autonomous critical thinking, which they view as their daily mission in the classroom.
This document discusses different types of knowledge:
1) Empirical knowledge is gained through the senses like sight, taste, touch, smell, and sometimes with instruments. Rational knowledge is based on logical truths. Intuitive knowledge is possessed without knowing where it came from.
2) Observations involve direct descriptions through senses, while interpretations build on concepts and experiences to further explain observations.
3) In experiments, scientists manipulate the independent variable and measure the dependent variable to search for cause-and-effect relationships in nature. Controlled variables are kept constant.
Perennialism focuses on developing timeless virtues and acquiring knowledge for its own sake through teacher-centered lectures. Teachers instill virtues in students and teach subject matter to all, while students develop virtues and use knowledge in making life decisions. The curriculum emphasizes arts, sciences, and common core subjects.
This is useful for students whose topic is concerned about the new curriculum of the Philippine Education. This is presented in a brief yet understandable way for students' usage in their course subject.
The document discusses guiding principles for selecting and using effective teaching strategies. It advocates for active, hands-on learning that engages multiple senses. A non-threatening learning environment enhances education by establishing rapport, respect and a sense of community. Emotions can increase retention, and learning is most meaningful when connected to students' lives. An integrated approach considers different learning styles and draws connections across topics. The best teaching methods achieve learning objectives and engage students.
Constructivism is a learning theory that suggests people actively construct their own understanding and knowledge through experiences. Key aspects of constructivism include learning being an active process where knowledge is constructed based on experiences, and learning being a personal interpretation of the world. Constructivist teaching methods focus on creating a democratic and interactive environment where the teacher facilitates learning and students are autonomous. Activities like films, field trips, class discussions and experiments allow students to apply concepts in multiple contexts and actively engage in building their own knowledge.
Professional learning communities overview 1Keith Eades
This document provides an overview of professional learning communities (PLCs) including definitions, core values and concepts. It discusses that a PLC is an ongoing process where educators work collaboratively in cycles of inquiry to improve student results. The key ideas of a PLC are ensuring all students learn, a culture of collaboration, and having a focus on results driven by data. Teams must establish clear norms for collaboration and assess their effectiveness regularly. The document outlines cultural shifts needed for a successful PLC, including changing the focus from teaching to learning and using formative assessments to guide intervention.
Essentialism- Philosophical Foundation of EducationLovely Paulin
Essentialism focuses on teaching core academic subjects thoroughly. It believes students should learn fundamental knowledge and skills, especially in basic subjects like reading, writing and arithmetic. Teachers are responsible for transmitting important cultural knowledge to students through direct instruction techniques like lecture and memorization. Students are expected to be passive learners who master the material provided by their teachers. Proponents of essentialism like William Bagley and E.D. Hirsch argue this approach prepares students for life by teaching them essential knowledge and skills.
This document presents the author's teaching philosophy, which is influenced by various learning theories. The author believes that:
1) Behaviorism can be used to establish classroom behaviors but a more student-centered approach is needed. Social cognitive theory and constructivism should be the dominant approaches as students' skills progress.
2) Constructivism and social learning theories emphasize that students learn best when they can explore topics autonomously and collaboratively construct knowledge, with teachers as guides.
3) Situated cognition moves students toward mastery by anchoring concepts through practice, modeling, and social interaction with experts, continuing the emphasis on learning as a social activity.
This document discusses task-based language learning (TBLL) and how it is implemented in the classroom. It notes that TBLL started gaining popularity in 1996 with Jane Willis' book on the topic. Traditionally, language learning followed a present-practice-perform (PPP) model, but TBLL proposes completing tasks as the basis for learning. Tasks can include information gap activities, problem-solving tasks, and jigsaw activities. The document also discusses the different steps in TBLL, including pre-task, task cycle, and language focus.
This document discusses four major learning theories: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism. Behaviorism views learning as changes in observable behavior and believes behaviors are shaped by environmental influences and reinforcement or punishment. Cognitivism focuses on mental processes and how information is received, organized, and stored in the mind. Constructivism holds that learners construct knowledge based on their own experiences. Humanism considers learning to be a personal act and emphasizes developing self-actualized individuals in a supportive environment. The document then provides examples of how each theory is applied in language learning approaches and classroom practices.
This document discusses four major learning theories: behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism. Behaviorism views learning as changes in observable behavior and believes behaviors are shaped by environmental influences and reinforcement or punishment. Cognitivism focuses on mental processes and how information is received, organized, and stored in the mind. Constructivism holds that learners construct knowledge based on their own experiences. Humanism considers learning to be a personal act and emphasizes developing self-actualized individuals in a supportive environment. The document then provides examples of how each theory is applied in language learning, such as audiolingual method, cognitive code learning, genre-based instruction, and community language learning.
The document discusses the author's philosophy on effective science teaching. The author believes science should be taught using active learning methods like experiments, group work, and problem-solving rather than passive lecturing. This develops students' intellectual abilities and understanding of concepts rather than just memorization. The teacher's role is to engage students and respect diversity, while assessments should provide feedback to improve learning.
The author believes that teaching and learning work collectively, with the teacher modeling and demonstrating concepts for students to then practice and reflect on. The teacher aims to create a safe, stimulating classroom environment where students feel comfortable sharing ideas and opinions. There are three key components to cultivating connections between students: the teacher acts as a guide, students direct their own learning through curiosity, and all views are respected. The teacher provides suggestions for information rather than being the sole source of knowledge, allowing students to develop research skills. Students learn best when applying concepts to real-world problems and having time to discover their abilities. Developing curriculum involving student interests promotes motivation to learn.
The document discusses language barriers and cultural differences that can impact students' academic learning. Teachers need to be aware of these differences and address them to provide an environment where students can explore learning. Constructivist theories state that learning involves adding new knowledge to existing knowledge through experiences. For students to achieve academic success in a diverse society, teachers must respect differences and incorporate cognitive and social constructivist theories to meet students' developmental needs.
The document discusses different learning theories including behaviorism, constructivism, and cognitivism. It describes a classroom setting with 17 students in small groups at different learning centers. Constructivism is discussed as focusing on hands-on learning through experiences. Behaviorism uses reinforcement and punishment to modify behaviors.
Constructivism is a theory of learning that suggests people actively construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiences and reflecting on those experiences. The key principles of constructivism in education are that learning is an active process, knowledge is constructed rather than innate or passively absorbed, and learning is a social and collaborative process. In a constructivist classroom, the teacher acts as a facilitator rather than lecturer, and aims to engage students through hands-on activities, group work, and connecting new ideas to prior understanding in order to construct new knowledge.
CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH TO LEARNING Method- 5E MODEL-PPTMonali Pradhan
The document discusses the constructivist approach to learning, specifically the 5E model. It provides background on constructivism, outlining key principles like knowledge being actively constructed by learners based on their experiences. The 5E model is then explained in detail, with each "E" standing for a phase of instruction: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate. Examples of activities for each phase are given. The document also discusses benefits and criticisms of constructivism, noting it emphasizes collaborative, active learning but may disadvantage some students.
This document is a final reflection by Adery on their student teaching experience. Over the past 7 weeks, Adery has learned about various teaching pedagogies and gained knowledge from teaching experiences. Adery recognizes that as a lifelong learner, they are constantly learning more about what they already know. Adery discusses concepts like student motivation, creating meaningful lessons, and differentiated instruction. Moving forward, Adery plans to focus on authentic assessments, student motivation, and differentiated instruction using technology. Adery will implement blogs, wikis, and iMovies as authentic assessments and aims to employ differentiated instruction coupled with alternative assessments to motivate all students.
1) The author reflects on what they have learned over the last seven weeks about pedagogy and teaching. They have gained knowledge but recognize there is always more to learn when looking at concepts from different perspectives.
2) The author discusses the importance of student motivation and creating a welcoming learning environment where students feel valued. They have learned that getting to know each student helps improve motivation.
3) Meaningful lessons that help students make connections and apply their knowledge are important for understanding. The author aims to create lessons that foster transfer of learning and allow students to reexamine concepts through social interaction.
Constructivism and social constructivism are theories of learning that focus on students actively constructing their own knowledge through hands-on problem solving and social interaction. According to constructivist theory, students should be actively engaged in their learning by exploring topics, asking questions, and discovering solutions, rather than passively receiving information from teachers. Social constructivism additionally emphasizes that learning occurs through social interactions and cultural influences. The document outlines key principles of constructivism and social constructivism, including the roles of teachers in facilitating student-led learning and the roles of students in taking responsibility for their own learning through inquiry, collaboration, and reflection.
Here are the key points about John Dewey:
- American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer.
- Born in 1859 in Burlington, Vermont.
- Obtained his PhD from Johns Hopkins University in 1884.
- Taught at the University of Chicago from 1894 to 1904.
- Founded the University of Chicago Laboratory School in 1896 to test his educational philosophy.
- Believed that education should be based on experience and interaction rather than rote memorization.
- Emphasized the importance of learning through experience and hands-on activities rather than textbooks.
- One of the primary influences on progressive education in the 20th century.
- Died in 1952
Educ. 4 principles of teaching mara ico reportMara Ico
This document discusses principles of effective teaching and learning. It begins by defining principles and explaining that principles guide a teacher's conduct and behavior. It then discusses various teaching styles, approaches, and methods. Some key points made are that teaching is both an art and a science, and there are authoritarian, permissive, and democratic teaching styles. It also discusses concept teaching, constructivist teaching, and other approaches. The document also covers learning domains, learning styles, and principles of learning such as how prior knowledge and motivation impact learning. Overall, the document provides an overview of foundational principles and concepts related to effective teaching and learning.
Michelle Wynn's instructional technology philosophy centers around constructivist learning strategies and active learning. She believes learning should involve discovery, collaboration, and problem-solving activities that are authentic and relevant to learners. As an instructor, she aims to facilitate learning by empowering students and helping them take ownership. Wynn's philosophy is also informed by theories of andragogy, which recognize adults as self-directed learners who draw from life experiences and are motivated by problem-centered learning. She seeks to incorporate technology integration strategies that foster skills like creative problem-solving, knowledge transfer through simulations, and group cooperation.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON KNOWLEDGE, LEARNING AND TEACHINGizaherna
This document discusses different perspectives on teaching and learning, including epistemology, constructivism, behaviorism, cognitivism, and learner-centered approaches. It also addresses using technology to accommodate different learning styles and enhancing student engagement through interactive media like animation, graphics, and games.
The document discusses the evolution of how psychology has been defined. It started as the study of the soul, but that was rejected because the soul cannot be studied. It was then defined as the study of the mind, but that definition was confusing. It was also defined as the study of consciousness, but that did not account for unconscious behaviors. Psychology is now defined as the scientific study of observable behavior, which includes all conscious, subconscious, and unconscious mental activities and processes of organisms.
Visible Thinking is a framework that aims to develop students' thinking skills and deepen their understanding of content. It uses thinking routines, which are short, learnable strategies to extend student thinking. The goals are to foster deeper content understanding, greater learning motivation, and the development of thinking abilities and disposition towards thinking. Key aspects include thinking routines on various topics, focusing on four thinking ideals, making student thinking visible, and teacher study groups to reflect on student work samples. The overall approach aims to create a classroom culture where thinking is visible and students are engaged, curious learners.
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BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Teaching Philosophy Statements
1. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME)
e-ISSN: 2320–7388,p-ISSN: 2320–737X Volume 5, Issue 6 Ver. III (Nov. - Dec. 2015), PP 61-66
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05636166 www.iosrjournals.org 61 | Page
Teaching Philosophy Statements
Dr. Qais Faryadi
Faculty of Science and Technology Department of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia USIM
Abstract: This article examines the rationale for my teaching philosophy. Using a personal perspective, I
explain my objectives, mission, and vision in writing my philosophy of teaching statements. This article also
creates a road map and reference points for educators who want to write their own teaching philosophy
statements to help them make informed decisions when teaching their students. In my teaching philosophy, I
apply the constructivist approach of teaching and learning.
Keywords: Constructivism, Class assessment, Education, learning, Teaching philosophy.
I. Introduction
My teaching philosophy statements are the culmination of many years of teaching experience in the
field of information and communication technology. As experience is the best teacher, I have come to the
conclusion that, generally, the current teaching methods and styles need to be changed to produce not only more
effective learners, but also to make the learning process more enjoyable and meaningful. Constructing my
philosophy statements has helped me identify individual styles, priorities as well as objectives in guiding my
students. I believe that my teaching philosophy statements will set a strong foundation for my teaching goals.
By using the following guidelines, I hope you too will be able to formulate your own teaching philosophy
statements and take pride in your profession.
When writing your teaching philosophy statements, never use the word you or we. Teaching is
an art and different individuals have various artistic styles of teaching and learning. So when writing your
philosophy statements, always use the pronouns I or my. Each teacher has his or her own creative and artistic
way of teaching. Hence, teaching philosophy statements are unique to the individual.
My own education philosophy statements are embodied within the Constructivism framework.
Constructivism is a paradigm of learning that describes the process of knowledge formation. In constructivist
learning, students learn actively rather than wait passively for the teacher to spoon-feed them with information
(Ellison & Wu, 2008).
Constructivists believe that one has to adapt to the environment to acquire knowledge. In the process,
one reshapes the acquired knowledge and creates new knowledge (Sternberg, 2008). Constructivist learners
acquire knowledge by blending their present and the past experiences to make new discoveries (Mayer, 2003).
To learn the constructivist’s way, the learner should make sense of things instead of accepting information at its
face value. Indeed, learners are encouraged to internalize and reshape information, transforming it through
active observation (Liaw, 2004). The information transformation must be meaningful. By activating his
cognitive processing system, the learner will be able to organize his thoughts into logical representation by
bridging the newly learnt knowledge with that already acquired or prior knowledge (Mayer, 1999).
According to constructivists, learning is a mental construction which takes place collectively. In the
constructivist classroom, learning is facilitated by collaboration (Hughes & Golan, 2008). It is all about
interaction to find solutions to a given problem. Studies have found that learners who have been taught using a
constructivist approach are very motivated and they enjoy learning much more compared to their counterparts in
traditional classrooms (Gabriel, 2004).
Hence, prior to constructing my philosophy of teaching, I posed the following questions to myself:
1. How does the human brain function?
2. How do people learn?
3. How should I teach?
4. How do I motivate the unmotivated learner?
5. What is my role as a teacher?
6. What is the role of my students?
7. What are my prime objectives as the leader in the class?
8. What are the viable concepts and styles of my teaching?
9. What learning outcomes can I anticipate?
10. How do I measure the success of my students?
2. Teaching Philosophy Statements
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05636166 www.iosrjournals.org 62 | Page
Since teaching, learning, information, education, teacher, and knowledge are key words in this discussion, I
need to define them briefly before proceeding any further.
1.1 What Is Learning?
Learning is defined as a process that brings about behavioral changes to a person. It is a skill that must
be acquired by individuals as students, and later, as working adults. People learn differently based on their
individual unique styles of learning (Qais, 2011). Learning is also defined as a change in human behavior as a
result of an experience or information input. It can also be considered as an outcome or a visible process.
The most crucial aspect of learning is change. Learning is also achieved through individual
experimentations whereby past knowledge is integrated with present knowledge to create new knowledge.
According to Dannis, (2008), learning can be viewed “as a quantitative increase in knowledge. Learning is
acquiring information or ‘knowing’. Learning is storing information that can be reproduced. Learning is
acquiring facts, skills, and methods that can be retained and used when necessary. Learning involves relating
parts of the subject matter to each other and to the real world. Hence it can be seen that learning is an external
as well as an internal force to the learner. Learning may also happen automatically or after instruction. Every
day when we are exposed to new knowledge and it becomes internalized, it becomes our possession.
1.2 What Is Teaching?
Teaching, on the other hand, denotes a process to facilitate learning. Teaching also refers to the
presentation of knowledge, and demonstration of ability or skills. Effective teaching enables students to make
connections of the old and the new knowledge to form new ideas. That is why competent teachers have such a
crucial role in the advancement of the community.
1.3 What Is Education?
Formal education is a process whereby systematic instruction is provided to learners. Generally, the
primary aim of education is to impart the desired knowledge or relevant skills to students. Through the process
of education, students are expected to enhance their critical thinking skills and make well-informed decisions.
Nevertheless, education is provided not only formally by instructors but also when one learns through
experiences in real life.
1.4 What Are Data?
Data refer to raw materials that have been gathered for a purpose. Data have no meaning or utility until
they are analysed or processed.
1.5 What Is Information?
Once data are processed and analysed, they become information. Such information is meaningful and
useful for the purpose the data are collected.
1.6 What Is Knowledge?
We gain knowledge through experience or education. Facts, information, and skills attained by a
person through experience are termed as knowledge. According to Webster's Dictionary, knowledge is "the fact
or condition of knowing something with familiarity gained through experience or association".
II. My Vision
1. My students will learn new skills and obtain new knowledge in a comfortable classroom environment
where they can express themselves without fear.
2. My students will be imbued with the love of learning. They will be trained to be active, constructive and
goal-oriented learners.
3. My students will be treated as individuals and will be given due respect and also learn to respect the views
of their peers. I will take note that each student is a unique learner who deserves my love, attention, and
respect.
4. Other instructors will be inspired by my passion to adopt a constructivist approach to learning so that their
classroom too will be an active, fun-filled, and creative environment where every student has a chance to
excel in his or her own unique way.
III. MY MISSION
1. To promote a learning environment that is active, constructive, collaborative, goal-oriented, investigative,
and meaningful.
3. Teaching Philosophy Statements
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05636166 www.iosrjournals.org 63 | Page
2. To encourage student-centered learning by allowing students to construct knowledge through their own
investigations.
3. To establish a strong foundation for stimulating learning as a life-long process.
4. To promote analytical and critical thinking so that learners will acquire meaningful knowledge, not merely
remember facts. New information is created when my students make a personal discovery. So I will allow
my students to undertake their own investigations to improve their understanding.
5. To promote active engagement and meaningful dialogue to guide learners whenever necessary.
IV. My Objectives in Writing Teaching Philosophy Statements
To me, teaching is an art. Teaching and learning are facets of a creative and artistic performance. Each
teacher has his or her own idea about how to facilitate learning. I believe that teaching is an amanah (trust) and
a responsibility on my shoulders. As a computer scientist, I need to keep my students updated with the latest
developments in computer sciences, especially information and communication technology.
My task is to enable my students to have the necessary skills and knowledge so that they can make
informed decisions and take the necessary action in real life situations. Moreover, I want my students to share
my enthusiasm for learning so that new skills and knowledge can be put to good use to improve the community.
Thus, writing my teaching philosophy statements is my way of sharing the joy and rewards of being an educator
and, hopefully, fellow teachers would feel likewise.
4.1 Objective One
I want my students to understand the significance and relevance of ICT in their everyday lives. To
achieve this objective, I discuss the latest advancements in computer sciences so that my students are able to
apply state of the art technology in solving problems and sharing their knowledge with their friends. I also aim
to encourage input and feedback from my students regarding my course contents. In this way, I can make the
necessary changes so that my teaching becomes relevant and meaningful to my students.
4.2 Objective Two
I am here to help my students make effective search in the electronic media so that they can access
information easily and without frustration. Furthermore, I show them the techniques of evaluating online
information. I also challenge them to critically evaluate and investigate current issues regarding computer
science developments. Essentially, I provide my students with opportunities to acquire new skills in information
and communication technology, and also to apply the needed information in their everyday lives.
4.3 Objective Three
I will help my students to understand that ICT is interconnected with their everyday lives,
economically, culturally, and politically. I train them to use ICT as a platform to prepare themselves for future
careers. I conduct classes in the industrial field so that they can apply what they have acquired in the classroom
and get hands-on experience.
4.4 Objective Four
I believe that learning is a process in which my students must be actively engaged. They will be given
the opportunity to express themselves positively, fearlessly, and cooperatively so that free exchange of ideas can
take place.
4.5 Objective Five
While my course contents are a tool to guide my students and make the teaching-learning process a
mutually enjoyable one, my teaching techniques must also make students want to learn. I want to arouse my
students’ curiosity and motivate them by surprising them with new things every time I enter my class. In this
way they are not bored but are motivated instead. Whenever I see their eager faces, I too am motivated as an
instructor. I have practised this teaching methodsuccessfully with my undergraduate and post graduate students.
It is a mutually rewarding experience.
V. What is a Teaching Philosophy Statement?
Each teacher has his or her own set of beliefs and concepts of what teaching and learning should be. It
is important that the teacher’s philosophical stand be carefully deliberated on so that useful ideas can be
translated into practice in the classroom. The main purpose of a teaching philosophy statement is two-fold. From
the perspective of the academician, it is important that the teacher understands and selects suitable theories and
guidelines for teaching; it is equally important to state clearly his own philosophy as an educator so that his
actions in the classroom reflect his beliefs.
4. Teaching Philosophy Statements
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05636166 www.iosrjournals.org 64 | Page
In generating my teaching philosophy statements, I keep in mind the following three important basic guidelines:
1. Brainstorming of ideas to reflect my beliefs, knowledge, values and attitude towards creating an
environment that is conducive to teaching and learning.
2. Creating a road map based on my personal beliefs, values, and attitudes that are clearly illustrated by
practical examples.
3. Making a final revision of my road map before I swing into action so that important points can be added or
irrelevant points deleted. I always bear in mind that my teaching philosophy grows with my understanding
of what true teaching means.
VI. Fundamental Components of My Teaching Philosophy Statements
A. CLEAR START-UP STRATEGY
1. I ask myself: What do I want to do for my students? How do I start and end my lessons?
2. My teaching philosophy statements should evoke positive responses from fellow teachers. I shall articulate
my teaching philosophy statements with enthusiasm so that my passion will be contagious. Then fellow
teachers will be inspired to share my ideas and beliefs to improve the teaching and learning process.
3. I will document my teaching philosophy statements with pride. The statements should reflect creativity,
innovation, and a positive tone.
B. HONESTY AND ATTIDUTE
1. Who am I?I will be honest to myself.
2. What is my identity as a teacher?
3. What am I going to do in the class?
4. I will strive to share my teaching philosophy statements with fellow teachers.
C. ORGANIZING MY THOUGHTS
1. I take my time to write my philosophy of teaching.
2. I don’t rush. I write for the right audience.
3. I ask myself who my target groups are.
4. I use the word I in writing my statement because every individual is different. I don’t generalise. The
statements I make must be specific and to the point. I believe teaching is a personal experience as every
teacher will use his or her own strategy or technique to help students.
D. I WRITE AS I AM A LEADER
1. I shall write my statements with confidence.
2. I shall be like a parent who constantly guides his children.
3. I shall accept constructive criticism. I shall consult my seniors and value their input.
VII. My Teaching Philosophy Statements
When writing my teaching philosophy statements, I always maintain the following five acts of fairness
and justice:
1. I ensure that understanding is facilitated for all students as they have different styles of learning. It is my
duty to assist and respect each individual in his or her endeavour to learn. So to facilitate learning, I will
conduct a research on their background to assess the level of prior knowledge. I start with simple concepts
before progressing to the more complex. I divide my learners in groups of 10. In each group, I add one or
two better students so that the disadvantaged students can learn from them.
2. I make sure that my students understand and internalize the knowledge gained in the class, otherwise such
knowledge will neither be meaningful nor of applicability in their real lives.
3. I always challenge my students to put in their best effort to produce quality work. The achievement of each
individual student will be recognised and he or she will be able to stand out from the crowd. In this way, I
boost their confidence and improve their survival skills to cope in the real world.
4. I advocate and facilitate critical thinking and cooperative learning in my class. I also provide opportunities
to improve writing skills and oral presentation because it is vital that learners are able to communicate their
ideas effectively.
5. I promote active, cooperative, and creative learning. It is my passion to help my students enjoy the learning
process. I place great emphasis on giving recognition to different styles of learning that exist among
students who come from diverse cultural backgrounds. I respect my students’ cultural and religious values.
5. Teaching Philosophy Statements
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05636166 www.iosrjournals.org 65 | Page
VIII. How Do I Measure Success In My Class?
Success, in my view, means the achievement of a desirable outcome. When I assess my students’
performance, I use the techniques described below and I also observe samples of their behaviour, performance,
skills, and knowledge. It is an ongoing process. I also pay attention to their facial expressions in the classroom.
If I am satisfied and happy with the outcome, it means my philosophy of teaching is working. Success has
different meanings for different people. For me, as long as I have achieved my objectives, as well as fulfilled the
mission and vision stipulated in my philosophy of teaching, I have achieved success.
8.1 Techniques of assessing students:
1. One Minute Paper and the Half- Sheet Response
A very effective method that I often use in my class to measure success is the One
Minute Paper and the Half- Sheet ResponseadaptedfromThomas A. Angelo and K. Patricia Cross(1993). I stop
my class just five minutes early and ask some quick questions about my lesson such as: “Who can tell me the
most crucial thing you learned today in my class?”In this way I am able to collect speedy responses from my
students, either verbally or written on a piece of paper.
2. Muddiest Point
This method of assessing students is one of the easiest ways of collecting feedback from students in
real time and it is remarkably effective. I ask my students just one question and ask them to jot down their
answer e.g. “What was the funniest point I made in my lecture?”
3. One Sentence Summary (Comprehension)
I ask my students about a point in my lecture and ask them to summarise it in one sentence. This
question helps me to evaluate their understanding of the big picture.
4. Problem solving
I always arouse my students’ curiosity in class. In fact, I am a problem poser and my students are the
solvers. It helps me to evaluate their critical thinking skills and problem solving techniques.
5. Opposing viewpoints
I ask my students to evaluate a particular topic or lecture so that they can critically evaluate the two
sides of the issue in the lecture.
6. Student-generated Test Questions
I ask my students to identify the most important issue of the lesson and generate their own questions.
7. Process Analysis
This is to find out how students complete their assignment. Since learning is a process, I always ask my
students to think about how they do their work or assignments. In this way, I can find out whether my students
understand how a problem is solved and the process that is involved.
8. Group Work Evaluation
I ask my students to give opinions about their group work. They have to critically evaluate what their
group has achieved. In the process, they become aware of their strengths and weaknesses. They also obtain new
knowledge.
9. Classroom Opinion Poll
When I assess my students, I take the opportunity to assess my own performance as well. I ask my
students to give me feedback in writing (without giving their names) about my lecture content and the way it is
presented so that I can evaluate myself and make the necessary changes.
IX. Conclusion
Teaching philosophy statements are solely individualistic as they reflect personal values and artistic
preferences. How they are structured also depends on the learning environment and the needs of students. Any
motivated instructor who wants to write teaching philosophy statements must consider carefully what he or she
actually wants to do and how to accomplish it. Each teacher must have clearly defined ideas about his or her role
in the classroom in order to function effectively.
Once we have a clear idea about our objectives, we can set about writing our teaching philosophy
statements, and the rest is just a matter of delivery. We should apply state of the art methodology and
6. Teaching Philosophy Statements
DOI: 10.9790/7388-05636166 www.iosrjournals.org 66 | Page
appropriate theories of teaching and learning to accomplish our objectives. We make use of various tools to
assessthe effectiveness of our objectives, mission, and vision. We should strive for the desired outcomes rather
than rush to finish the syllabus. It is always useful to design our own evaluation method so that we can include
feedback from our learners for self-improvement. We need to ask ourselves questions such as: What have we
achieved? What are our rewards? Why are we important to society?
As educators, our noble mission is to inculcate the love of learning in our students so that learning
becomes a lifelong process. When they are empowered by knowledge, they can make informed decisions about
what they want to achieve in life and how to excel in their chosen path. When our students are passionate about
gaining meaningful knowledge and applying it in their lives, we have made a difference. The concept of one
size fits all can be discarded for good.
As evident from the discussion above, I have developed my teaching philosophy statements based on
my own experience, first as an undergraduate student and later as an instructor. I have come to the conclusion
that our classroom environment, teaching and learning need a fundamental makeover. Furthermore, I am
convinced that educators have the responsibility to reveal to their students their true inner beauty and inculcate
in them a sense of pride in whatever they strive to achieve. That’s why I have decided to write my teaching
philosophy statements so that I can make a difference. I am grateful to be able to use findings from studies on
the constructivist paradigm of teaching and learning to bring about fundamental change in the classroom.
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