This document analyzes differences in task descriptions used in remote think aloud usability tests. Two types of task descriptions are identified: task focused descriptions that provide step-by-step instructions, and scenario focused descriptions that place tasks in a simulated real-world context. A study is described that used different task description styles with participants from different countries, finding cultural differences affected task interpretation. Analyzing participant questions and performances showed task focused descriptions led to a rigid focus on steps while scenario focused descriptions helped understand the system's overall purpose but allowed for flexible interpretations across cultures.
Industry-Academia Communication In Empirical Software EngineeringPer Runeson
Researchers in software engineering must communicate with industry practitioners, both engineers and managers. Communication may be about collaboration buy-in, problem identification, empirical data collection, solution design, evaluation, and reporting. In order to gain mutual benefit of the collaboration, ensuring relevant research and improved industry practice, researchers and practitioners must be good at communicating. The basis for a researcher to be good at industry-academia communication is firstly to be “bi-lingual”. Understanding and being able to translate between these “languages” is essential. Secondly, it is also about being “bi-cultural”.Understanding the incentives in industry and academia respectively, is a basis for being able to find balances between e.g. rigor and relevance in the research. Time frames is another aspect that is different in the two cultures. Thirdly, the choice of communication channels is key to reach the intended audience.A wide range of channels exist, from face to face meetings, via tweets and blogs, to academic journal papers and theses; each having its own audience and purposes. The keynote speech will explore the challenges of industry-academia communication, based on two decades of collaboration experiences, both successes and failures. It aims to support primarily the academic side of the communication to help achieving industry impact through rigorous and relevant empirical software engineering research.
The methods of exploratory testing has gained significant attention in industry and research in the last years. However, as many “buzzword" technologies, the introduction and application of exploratory testing is not straightforward. Exploratory testing it is not only black or white - scripted or exploratory - but also all shades of grey in between. Within the EASE industrial excellence center, we have executed an industrial workshop on exploratory testing, that helps providing understanding of how to choose feasible levels of exploration in exploratory testing. We will present the concepts of levels of exploration in exploratory testing, the outcomes of the workshop, along with relevant empirical research findings on exploratory testing.
HCI LAB MANUAL
1
To understand the trouble of interacting with machines - Redesign interfaces of home
appliances.
2 Design a system based on user-centered approach.
3 Understand the principles of good screen design.
4 Redesign existing Graphical User Interface with screen complexity
5 Design Web User Interface based on Gestalt Theory
6 Implementation of Different Kinds of Menus
7 Implementation of Different Kinds of Windows
8 Design a system with proper guidelines for icons
How Does a Typical Tutorial for Mobile Development look like? - A research paper presented at the 2014 International Conference on Mining Software Repositories. Paper preprint available here: http://mobis.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/research/publications
Industry-Academia Communication In Empirical Software EngineeringPer Runeson
Researchers in software engineering must communicate with industry practitioners, both engineers and managers. Communication may be about collaboration buy-in, problem identification, empirical data collection, solution design, evaluation, and reporting. In order to gain mutual benefit of the collaboration, ensuring relevant research and improved industry practice, researchers and practitioners must be good at communicating. The basis for a researcher to be good at industry-academia communication is firstly to be “bi-lingual”. Understanding and being able to translate between these “languages” is essential. Secondly, it is also about being “bi-cultural”.Understanding the incentives in industry and academia respectively, is a basis for being able to find balances between e.g. rigor and relevance in the research. Time frames is another aspect that is different in the two cultures. Thirdly, the choice of communication channels is key to reach the intended audience.A wide range of channels exist, from face to face meetings, via tweets and blogs, to academic journal papers and theses; each having its own audience and purposes. The keynote speech will explore the challenges of industry-academia communication, based on two decades of collaboration experiences, both successes and failures. It aims to support primarily the academic side of the communication to help achieving industry impact through rigorous and relevant empirical software engineering research.
The methods of exploratory testing has gained significant attention in industry and research in the last years. However, as many “buzzword" technologies, the introduction and application of exploratory testing is not straightforward. Exploratory testing it is not only black or white - scripted or exploratory - but also all shades of grey in between. Within the EASE industrial excellence center, we have executed an industrial workshop on exploratory testing, that helps providing understanding of how to choose feasible levels of exploration in exploratory testing. We will present the concepts of levels of exploration in exploratory testing, the outcomes of the workshop, along with relevant empirical research findings on exploratory testing.
HCI LAB MANUAL
1
To understand the trouble of interacting with machines - Redesign interfaces of home
appliances.
2 Design a system based on user-centered approach.
3 Understand the principles of good screen design.
4 Redesign existing Graphical User Interface with screen complexity
5 Design Web User Interface based on Gestalt Theory
6 Implementation of Different Kinds of Menus
7 Implementation of Different Kinds of Windows
8 Design a system with proper guidelines for icons
How Does a Typical Tutorial for Mobile Development look like? - A research paper presented at the 2014 International Conference on Mining Software Repositories. Paper preprint available here: http://mobis.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/research/publications
Usability Testing for Survey Research:How to and Best Practicesegeisen
This presentation describes how usability testing of surveys can be used to improve data quality and reduce respondent burden. We describe what kind of surveys can be tested and when. We also provide practice advice for planning, conducting, and analyzing usability tests of surveys.
Why is Test Driven Development for Analytics or Data Projects so Hard?Phil Watt
Preview of research results for my Master's thesis on Test-Driven Development in Analytics. Prepared for my Term 4 assignment, oral thesis presentation
Why is TDD so hard for Data Engineering and Analytics Projects?Phil Watt
This slide show describes the difficulties in implementing Test-Driven Development (TDD) in the context of analytics and data engineering in development and maintenance phases. If we assumes that the objective of TDD is to reduce cycle time, improve developer productivity and improve production quality. It identifies 7 challenges from the analytics literature and a further 10 from interviews (n=14) and survey respondents (n=20) selected from analytics leaders. A key theme emerging as an output is that many of the challenges can be addressed through education and coaching, notably around data literacy for key stakeholders and executives
This is a poster I did to show my internship work for a computing symposium. The content is about medical document classification using neural network.
HCI LAB MANUAL
1
To understand the trouble of interacting with machines - Redesign interfaces of home
appliances.
2 Design a system based on user-centered approach.
3 Understand the principles of good screen design.
4 Redesign existing Graphical User Interface with screen complexity
5 Design Web User Interface based on Gestalt Theory
6 Implementation of Different Kinds of Menus
7 Implementation of Different Kinds of Windows
8 Design a system with proper guidelines for icons
Prototyping for knowledge based entrepreneurshipVlad Manea
Two lectures on prototyping for the Knowledge-based Entrepreneurship M.Sc. course at UCPH Innovation Hub, the University of Copenhagen in December 2015.
The contains a brief overview of our case study from an IT-research project aimed at improving coordination in elder care centers. As part of the project, we built a series of prototypes.
It then continues with a systematic description of prototypes and their properties, along with concrete examples. Several simple pieces of advice, as well as common pitfalls, are presented.
2 Studies UX types should know about (Straub UXPA unconference13)Kath Straub
I described these two studies during the Research in Practice: Studies UXers should know about workshop. I expected them to be drive-bys ... as in, "Yah, yah, .. have heard that ... let's move on." I was surprised to find that the group -- a sharp, engaged and thoughtful group-- didn't know these studies. Instead of a few minutes description, we discussed and debated how these studies might influence UX practice for almost an hour. Based on that, I got nudged (Culprit = @susandra Susan Dray) to presenting these two @ the UXPA unconference.
There are many other studies studies that all UXPros should be familiar with ...
Keynote at Chilean Week of Computer Science. I present a brief overview of algorithms for Recommender and then I present my work Tag-based Recommendation, Implicit Feedback and Visual Interactive Interfaces.
If the Science of buildings intrigues you then Architecture is the apt career for you. This will help you chart out your path as to how to become an architect. Also information regarding colleges both in India and Abroad. to know more contact us on www.onestepup.in and book a career counseling session with us.
20 min Presentation I gave to school students and their parents in Ahmedabad, India.
Context: There are some popular myths about design in India because of which some students who could have become good designers and led a satisfying work-life, preclude design (often under parental influence) as a career choice. The presentation was to give a glimpse of what design is through some examples. Design can be many other things as well, but the examples selected were to address the most pressing (and damaging) myths.
Usability Testing for Survey Research:How to and Best Practicesegeisen
This presentation describes how usability testing of surveys can be used to improve data quality and reduce respondent burden. We describe what kind of surveys can be tested and when. We also provide practice advice for planning, conducting, and analyzing usability tests of surveys.
Why is Test Driven Development for Analytics or Data Projects so Hard?Phil Watt
Preview of research results for my Master's thesis on Test-Driven Development in Analytics. Prepared for my Term 4 assignment, oral thesis presentation
Why is TDD so hard for Data Engineering and Analytics Projects?Phil Watt
This slide show describes the difficulties in implementing Test-Driven Development (TDD) in the context of analytics and data engineering in development and maintenance phases. If we assumes that the objective of TDD is to reduce cycle time, improve developer productivity and improve production quality. It identifies 7 challenges from the analytics literature and a further 10 from interviews (n=14) and survey respondents (n=20) selected from analytics leaders. A key theme emerging as an output is that many of the challenges can be addressed through education and coaching, notably around data literacy for key stakeholders and executives
This is a poster I did to show my internship work for a computing symposium. The content is about medical document classification using neural network.
HCI LAB MANUAL
1
To understand the trouble of interacting with machines - Redesign interfaces of home
appliances.
2 Design a system based on user-centered approach.
3 Understand the principles of good screen design.
4 Redesign existing Graphical User Interface with screen complexity
5 Design Web User Interface based on Gestalt Theory
6 Implementation of Different Kinds of Menus
7 Implementation of Different Kinds of Windows
8 Design a system with proper guidelines for icons
Prototyping for knowledge based entrepreneurshipVlad Manea
Two lectures on prototyping for the Knowledge-based Entrepreneurship M.Sc. course at UCPH Innovation Hub, the University of Copenhagen in December 2015.
The contains a brief overview of our case study from an IT-research project aimed at improving coordination in elder care centers. As part of the project, we built a series of prototypes.
It then continues with a systematic description of prototypes and their properties, along with concrete examples. Several simple pieces of advice, as well as common pitfalls, are presented.
2 Studies UX types should know about (Straub UXPA unconference13)Kath Straub
I described these two studies during the Research in Practice: Studies UXers should know about workshop. I expected them to be drive-bys ... as in, "Yah, yah, .. have heard that ... let's move on." I was surprised to find that the group -- a sharp, engaged and thoughtful group-- didn't know these studies. Instead of a few minutes description, we discussed and debated how these studies might influence UX practice for almost an hour. Based on that, I got nudged (Culprit = @susandra Susan Dray) to presenting these two @ the UXPA unconference.
There are many other studies studies that all UXPros should be familiar with ...
Keynote at Chilean Week of Computer Science. I present a brief overview of algorithms for Recommender and then I present my work Tag-based Recommendation, Implicit Feedback and Visual Interactive Interfaces.
If the Science of buildings intrigues you then Architecture is the apt career for you. This will help you chart out your path as to how to become an architect. Also information regarding colleges both in India and Abroad. to know more contact us on www.onestepup.in and book a career counseling session with us.
20 min Presentation I gave to school students and their parents in Ahmedabad, India.
Context: There are some popular myths about design in India because of which some students who could have become good designers and led a satisfying work-life, preclude design (often under parental influence) as a career choice. The presentation was to give a glimpse of what design is through some examples. Design can be many other things as well, but the examples selected were to address the most pressing (and damaging) myths.
NID,NIFT Art & Architecture - Career optionsUrmila Tajne
Today, thousands of designers are needed in fields such as Fashion Design, Product
Design, Interior Design, Animation, Jewellery Design, Automobile Design, Exhibition Design,
Architecture, Fine Art, Communication Design, Software Interface Design, Toy Design etc.
Here is a simple fact fresh design graduates earn upto Rs. 14 lacs p.a.
The best way to enter this world of design and become a designer is by securing admission
to any of the renowned design schools such as IIT - IDC, National Institute of Design (NID) &
MIT and Foreign Universities.
Today Engineering is conceived as a multi disciplinary field of study not only as a means
to a professional career in Engineering but also other design related careers.
Confused what to do after 12? There are numerous questions that drive one crazy as to which career option to choose?
Which stream to apply for? What are the courses available in that stream? Which are the different available options? How do i go about it ? etc
In this presentation various available options for students of class 12th in India have been mentioned. This will make one make an informed decision of one of the most crucial decisions of his/her life. So be wise, go through all the options, understand your potential and inclination towards certain subjects/courses and opt for that stream/field that suits you the best.
Good Luck!!
Presented at the AIAS Grassroots Leadership Conference in July 2014 (Washington, DC), Architecture and Beyond provides an overview to the myriad of career paths one with an architectural education can pursue.
It discusses the Why, the What, and the How.
Design Story, Career opportunity in DesignSameer Chavan
Presentation on what is design and design desciplines - furniture, product design, industrial design, graphic design, animation, User experience. Design schools in India - IDC, NID, Career prospects. Role of a Designer in company, Life of a designer.
Studying foreign languages, where can you study? where can you work? to know more contact us on www.onestepup.in and book a career counseling session with us.
Industrial Design and China Yale University PresentationRob Curedale 罗伯特
A presentation by Rob Curedale at the Yale School of Architecture about the development of Industrial Design activity in China, Chinese manufacturing trends and the changing relationship of design and manufacturing in China and the West.
Includes a discussion and images from a number of Chinese design schools which Rob has visited and presented talks related to US industrial design and design education including Southern Yangtze University, Jiao Tong University in Shanghai and Nanjing Arts Institute.
If you are searching for a intensive and creative career after your 12th then Architecture is a good course with a good career prospect.
This slide will help you to understand the career prospect, exams conducted in India, course curriculum or syllabus for Architecture.
At iMADE Creative Studio we offer best classroom coaching for all Architecture entrance exams in India. We have more than 350 selections in best architecture colleges in India like IITs, NITs, SPA, CEPT and others.
Please visit our website for more info:
www.imadecreativestudio.com
NATA360’s 'A Complete Self-Study Guide for NATA 2017' is an exclusive NATA study material prepared according to the new NATA 2017 syllabus. A Self-study oriented, Precise and Quality content for Quick & Effective Preparation for NATA 2017 (National Aptitude Test in Architecture) Entrance Examination for B.Arch Professional Degree Course.
Content packed with Tips and Tricks to crack the NATA 2017 with ease,(1) An HD video Tutorial DVD of complete Free Hand Sketching Concepts & Techniques useful for NATA 2017 Drawing Test. And (2) more than 10+ Online mock simulation of the Online Nata Aptitude test (Aesthetic Sensitivity Test) to sharpen the exam-time management skills.
For more details visit: www.nata360.com
This is a slideshow I put together for a Career Day presentation on Architects. I'm planning on recording the audio of the presentation and post to youtube. The timeframe was for 45-50 minutes.
Choosing a career path after 12th is always a challenge. To help overcome the confusion, students must reflect on activities that they are skillful in and enjoy. Besides the satisfaction level, it ensures that the success rate will also be very high. Check out the SmartPrep Website which is specialized in coaching students to prepare for competitive examinations.
Introduction to Usability Testing for Survey ResearchCaroline Jarrett
The basics of how to incorporate usability testing in the development process of a survey. Workshp first presented at the SAPOR conference, Raleigh, North Carolina USA, October 2011 by Emily Geisen of RTI and Caroline Jarrett of Effortmark.
Chapter 9: Evaluation techniques
from
Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale (2004).
Human-Computer Interaction, third edition.
Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-239864-8.
http://www.hcibook.com/e3/
Assignment Title Conducting Primary ResearchDeveloping the ab.docxssuser562afc1
Assignment Title: Conducting Primary Research
Developing the ability to conduct primary research can be an invaluable asset to add to your business tool belt. In this assignment, you will engage in developing the following professional competencies related to marketing research:
Analyze qualitative data in decision making.
Marketing researchers conduct primary research to gain human perspective on the problem or opportunity being studied, or to identify problems or opportunities for study.
Directions for completing this assignment:
In this assignment, you will analyze the Student Computer Lab (Click Here) case study. To effectively meet the requirements of this assignment, analyze the qualitative data derived from the primary research found in the case study scenario.
To successfully complete this assignment, write a 2-3 page critical essay covering the following topics:
1. Determine overall student satisfaction with the computer lab.
2. Do you think it was wise to have a group with both graduate and undergraduate students included?
3. Analyze the focus group transcript very thoroughly. Make a list of problems and ideas generated for the student computer lab.
4. What do you see as the benefits and limitations of the focus group findings? Do you think the task force plan for utilizing the focus groups is appropriate?
5. What changes would you make to improve the problems or to capitalize on the opportunities identified in the primary research? Collect and describe student recommendations for improvements.
Directions for Submitting this Assignment:
Review the grading rubric below before beginning this activity. For additional help with your writing and APA citation, please visit the Kaplan University Writing Center. Compose your Assignment as a Microsoft® Word® document and save it as (Example: TAlex-MT355 Assignment-Unit5.docx). Submit your file by selecting the Unit 5: Assignment Dropbox by the end of Unit 5.
Case Scenario
Student Computer Lab
A major university served over 2,000 undergraduate and graduate students majoring in business administration. The large number of students enrolled in the Business School coupled with increasing use of computer technol- ogy by faculty and students created overwhelming demands on the Business School’s computer center. In order to respond, the Business School decided to upgrade its computer facilities.
Rod Stevenson, director of the Student Computer Center (SCC), opened a new computer lab in the fall of 2007. The new lab offered specialized software required by student courses and the latest technology in hardware and software.
Computer Lab Project
After operating for six months, Stevenson recognized some potential problems with the new computer lab. Although the number of computers had doubled, student suggestions and complaints indicated that the demand for computers at times exceeded the available resources. To address this problem, Stevenson established a task force to investigate the ...
Exploratory Testing: Make It Part of Your Test StrategyTechWell
Developers often have the unfortunate distinction of not thoroughly testing their code. It’s not that developers do not understand how to test well; it’s just that often they have not had an opportunity to understand how the product works. Kevin Dunne maintains that implementing a team-wide exploratory testing initiative can help build the collaboration and knowledge sharing needed to elevate all team members to the level of product master. Exploratory testing can be performed by anyone, but the real challenge is making sure that the process is properly managed, documented, and optimized. Kevin describes the tools necessary to drive a deeper understanding of software quality and to implement an effective and impactful exploratory testing practice. Creating better software is not just about writing code more accurately and efficiently; it is about delivering value to the end user. Well-executed exploratory testing helps unlock this capability across the entire development team.
The goal of this presentation is to give attendees a deeper understanding of usability testing so they can leverage it in their own work. The material will shed light on what is important to the research buyer and will help the research provider to better understand how to plan, moderate, and report on a usability study. It will also provide information on where they can go to learn more about this very practical qualitative method.
Kay will cover what a usability test is and when to use it, the key planning steps, the language around it, and the unique insights this method produces. She will also discuss the various approaches a market researcher can take when running a usability study at different points in a product’s development (e.g., concept, early prototype, released product).
• Cooperated with fellow colleagues in a lab environment and experimented on the science of fluid flow through various types of piping and fittings.
• Researched the head loss that is caused in different piping including Venturi pipe, orifice plate, and elbow pipe fittings.
Begins during the communication activity and continues into the modeling activity
Builds a bridge from the system requirements into software design and construction
This presentation is a part of my invited talk at UIUX Design Summit 2015, Bangalore organised by UNICOM.
Brief -
The next wave after mobile Ux is about designing for wearable devices. The market is getting flooded with smart watches, goggles, fitness bands, etc. Designing for wearables is a big challenge for UX designers. Wearable Ux is not just about designing small screen UI, but it covers industrial design, sensor technologies, performance, IoT, etc. In some cases it does not even have a display screen. The presentation discusses various trends in wearables and their technology usages. It compares and provides insights for wearable user experience design & user adoption. The presentation proposes a UX strategy to make wearable UX successful. Some examples on industry usages will be discussed with live demo on smart watch.
Standards based software UI design, Easy6Sameer Chavan
Standards based software UI design, Easy6 HCI conference at Bangalore. The presentation gives examples from Oracle BLAF standars use in building software UI. I was a part of BLAF team at Oracle
This presentation i gave at CAUE conference, pune (http://www.viitcaue.in/speakers.html#Sameer). It discusses common issues in designing ecommerce homepage. It questions what if one site copies other site? or should all homepages in same business have similar pattern. What factors determine the homepage identity and layout ? Should all homepage look like google just because its clean.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
2. Differences in Task Descriptions in the Think Aloud Test 175
The literature that deals with the practical implication of the think aloud test de-
scribes the test set-up, but has limited descriptions of how the tests are to be imple-
mented in detail. Looking through literature that introduces the traditional TA test
methods to students ([2]; [4]; [6]; [7]; [9]; [10]; [11]; [12]; [13]; [16]; [17] it has only
been possible to find four who include task descriptions [9], [4] [12]. In the literature
of user testing there seems to be at least two different suggestions for task descrip-
tions: One type favors descriptions of tasks and the second favors identification with a
user in a specific situation. The variations of procedures is in this paper coined the
task focused procedure and the scenario focused procedure.
2 Remote TA Tests
Remote usability tests are gaining importance in recent days with the advancement of
technology in desktop sharing. Remote tests provide a number of advantages such as:
• Remote testing substantially reduces costs, as it eliminates costs for travel and
logistic.
• Testing can be done with a diverse pool of participants who are spread across the
globe and not just local users.
• Specialists, who are otherwise not available as they have to travel to a test site, are
now available as they can perform the test from their own location.
• Remote TA tests the participants in their real environment rather then a artificially
created lab setup. The latter can result in anxiety and does not reflect real world
working conditions.
• During Remote TA everyday disturbances can be encountered like a phone call or
a colleague coming for a talk.
• There have been many studies showing that remote test can find more issues than
lab tests and that the task completion rate in Remote TA can be higher than lab
tests as the participants are not in stressed condition.
But there are also disadvantages with the remote TA test.
• The main disadvantage is the lack of contextual presence between the test partici-
pant and the test leader.
• The test leader does not get any clues of how many people are present together
with the test participants, either just observing or actively assisting the participant.
• There can be many interruptions in the test. Often the participant gets phone calls,
or some of his friends interrupt, there can be emails, and background noise. In our
study an Internet connection went off and the test leader and the participant were
disconnected.
• Communication with the participant by the test leader is another challenge as the
test leader cannot observe body language. The test leader cannot gauge if the par-
ticipant is tired, frustrated, or confused. Remote testing relies totally on what the
participants say and their mouse movements on the screen. Only a skilled test
leader can find the above issues by observing the screen movements.
• Not all participants are vocal.
3. 176 L. Nielsen and S. Chavan
• Performance is yet another factor. If the internet speed is slow then the response
time is slow. Also, the desktop sharing tool requires some installations. And the
test leader cannot remotely solve desktop problems at the participant end.
• Scheduling remote test also involves a lot of communication and mails and takes
time to organize. If there are differences in time zones then it may result in non fa-
vorable times for the test.
• In a lab test you can easily video tape the screen movements, voice, and facial
expressions. On Remote tests it depend on the tool whether it is possible to record
all.
• Security is off concern too. The test leader cannot access if the screens are being
captured. Some participants ask for the material or test links in advance. This will
create security issue and also imbalance the test.
• If participants are to give feedback the participants prefer to send it back through
email. These responses may change if the participants do fill in the questions im-
mediately but take days to send it back. Unlike in a lab test where participants
complete this immediately after the test.
3 The Study
This paper report from a study of remote TA, the tests were conducted with partici-
pants from France, Germany, Japan, UK, and US. Participants had to call a toll-free
number to join the test and login to an internet desktop sharing application. The par-
ticipants were shown the task on a digital format similar to a power point presentation
(PPT), where they were able to switch back and forth between the test application and
the tasks. They were allowed to make a copy of the tasks in the PPT and paste them
into the test application.
Since the test involved adding new features in the test application, 20 minutes of
training was given. This did not involve showing how things were done in the appli-
cation, but introduced the user to how data was arranged in the application and what
things were possible.
After a few initial tests, there was a need to rearrange the task description in order
to facilitate the users to more easily understand the tasks and spend time on the appli-
cation rather then wasting time understanding the task. This resulted in that the
participants did not receive the same task descriptions. The participants from US,
Germany and UK received task focused descriptions while the participant from Japan
and France received task descriptions closer to the scenario focused task descriptions,
with an included small introduction.
Example of the task focused description:
• Open the program (name of program)
Under
• Work area (name and number of work area)
• Which is in application area (name and number of application area)
• Under domain (name of domain)
• Open and view properties for source code (name) under this program
Example of the scenario focused description:
4. Differences in Task Descriptions in the Think Aloud Test 177
We have started a trial for a treatment of an illness (described in length). Create a
report and definition of the clinical trial report.
Five tests, one from each country, were investigated in length and observations
were made on the type of questions the participants asked and the way they inter-
preted the tasks. In the analysis, these are compared to the way the tasks were de-
scribed. Finally a brief introduction to culture is presented in order to explain some of
the differences in the participants’ performances.
4 Analyses
The differences in the task descriptions seemed to generate distinctively differences in
procedure. When the task focused procedure is followed the participants follows the
task description rigorously, but seems to have difficulties in understanding the overall
ideas behind the system. This is especially noticeable when more of the participants
show that it is not clear to them that they have performed the task.
The participants from US and Germany had no problems following the procedures.
They did not question the tasks or demanded to understand the task. The US partici-
pant found it difficult to assess whether or not a task was completed. The German
participant did clearly not know what she was doing.
The English participant did not know when the task is done. In the final interview
she is asked what she found confusing in the system and answers: “I’m not really sure
what is meant by (name of menu 1) and (name of menu 2). Maybe (name of menu 1)
means… well I’m not sure what it means”. The names of the menus are core to under-
stand the whole system and shows how capable she is to follow procedures without
understand the overall ideas behind the system.
When the scenario focused procedure is followed the participant finds it difficult to
remember the task, but can more easily understand the idea behind the system. In the
abovementioned example of the scenario focused task description, is included the
reason behind the task “to create a report” and a subset of tasks as well as a row of
other tasks follow, this seem to make the participants forget the overall goal of “creat-
ing a report”. A consequence of the description is that in later tasks the participants
get confused about what they are doing.
The Japanese and the German participants understood the tasks, but in later tasks,
the test leader had to explain that the idea behind the tasks was to create a report. The
participants forgot that, as the subsequent tasks did not include scenarios, but built on
the scenario created for the first task.
The scenario focused procedure proved difficult for the participants as they had to
remember more and also find the task in a lengthy text, but it gave the participants a
better understanding of the overall idea behind the system. In the task focused proce-
dure the test leader could see that the participant followed the tasks procedures, but it
made the test leader loose track of whether the participant understood what he was
doing. This proves an even bigger problem, due to the constraints of the remote TA,
where communication is restricted and tacit observations not possible.
As mentioned earlier the remote TA involved a short introduction/training of new
features. This created complexity, as users started to compare the training information
and expected the same behavior in the application.
5. 178 L. Nielsen and S. Chavan
The participants also forgot to think aloud after some time and read only the text
on the screen rather then speaking out their thinking process.
There was a challenge for the participants if it involved a series of sub tasks, e.g. if
the task description was big with multiple sub tasks, they would forget where to start.
5 TA Tests and Culture
The issue of cultural differences has for some time been discussed within the area of
HCI. Most studies of cultural differences falls within design of user interfaces [3],
[19], [1]. [14] report from a literature study of cultural issues in UI design and pre-
sents different studies that incorporates or studies cultural differences in the attitude to
interfaces and to usability problems. Their study reflects upon the differences in atti-
tude, but do not reflect upon, whether or not the methods used for testing the UI fa-
vors one culture over the other. Other reports of differences in cultural aspects in
usability studies contain implications of effects on the results between similarity in
culture of interviewer and test person and of no similarity [18], [15], [5].
An approach outside HCI is the psychologist Nisbett, who reports from several
studies that the easterners view the world as holistic while Westerners see the world
in an atomistic view. These differences in viewpoint might have an impact on the way
tasks should be presented, with easterners in want of a more holistic view of a task
and for westerners to reject holistic descriptions, to “get to the task”. [8] (pp. 109).
Returning to the above mentioned instructional literature of how to perform tests, the
literature does not consider cultural differences in the test set-up or the task descrip-
tions. Another reason why the literature does not discuss cultural differences is the
underlying assumption, that a test result is only valid if task descriptions are identical
for all participants.
In our study we did not encounter cultural differences in the understanding of the
tasks and the sample is too small to make observations of this kind. We did encounter
differences between the participants that can be explained with differences in culture.
The European participants were more inclined to question the task and the system and
to comment on them. They did not withhold their opinions and questioned the system
immediately. The German participant found that the system she was used to worked
better and encouraged the test leader to take a look at it. The French participant ques-
tioned the tasks and had an overall urge to discuss as can be seen in the following:
“Test leader: What is happening? Participant: I don’t know, it is your system.” This
was quite different for the US and Japanese participants who seemed more accepting
of the situation. This, Nisbett explains with differences attitude towards either dialec-
tical approach (Easterners) or logic reasoning (Westerners) [8] p. 37. It can be argued
that the European culture favors an active debate and individualistic attitude in an
egalitarian culture, the latter might explain why the US participant did not have the
same attitude as the Europeans.
An observation was made with some participants not present in this study. It was
the same tasks, but the participants were Indian pilot participants. These participants
succeed in solving the tasks more than other country participants. The reason might
be that the Indian nature encourages investigation and the finding of answers. The
participants did not give up and did not declare that they could not solve the task.
6. Differences in Task Descriptions in the Think Aloud Test 179
They do not complain either. There was a tendency to learn the system immediately,
rather then complaining on about a bad design.
6 Conclusion
In the task focused procedure the participants tend to complete the task as following a
user manual. They do not think of real goals and report grammatical and UI standard
based issues. E.g. in our study, one of the users was use to desktop systems and was
trying to do a right click action on a web item.
The scenario focused procedure seems to apply a better understanding of the con-
text to the participants and they are innovative in finding the solution. In our study
these users reported interaction issues e.g. “This set of items should be in different
tab”.
If the task description is at length or more technical in nature, the TA creates a dis-
traction in the minds of test participant. This creates a need to both a break down of
length and a break down into simple language too.
The Remote TA creates both advantages and difficulties given the time and re-
moteness of participants, the TA also involves continuous reminders from the test
leader to the participants. And finally the test leader also has to make his judgments
by observing the participants’ screen movements.
In summary, usability test results are dependent on how the task is written, the
length of the task descriptions with sub tasks and of the type of cultural mix of the
participants used.
Acknowledgements. This study was co-funded by the Danish Council for Independ-
ent Research (DCIR) through its support of the Cultural Usability project.
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