This document discusses techniques for visual analysis and visualization. It explains that visualizations can reveal patterns and structure in data by mapping data variables to graphical dimensions. However, the viewer also plays a role in interpreting the visualization and developing a mental model to understand differences. Various techniques are described for visualizing different data types like time series, trees, and networks. Gestalt principles of visual perception are also referenced to explain how viewers perceive structure and patterns in visualizations.
Slides from our PacificVis 2015 presentation.
The paper tackles the problems of the “giant hairballs”, the dense and tangled structures often resulting from visualiza- tion of large social graphs. Proposed is a high-dimensional rotation technique called AGI3D, combined with an ability to filter elements based on social centrality values. AGI3D is targeted for a high-dimensional embedding of a social graph and its projection onto 3D space. It allows the user to ro- tate the social graph layout in the high-dimensional space by mouse dragging of a vertex. Its high-dimensional rotation effects give the user an illusion that he/she is destructively reshaping the social graph layout but in reality, it assists the user to find a preferred positioning and direction in the high- dimensional space to look at the internal structure of the social graph layout, keeping it unmodified. A prototype im- plementation of the proposal called Social Viewpoint Finder is tested with about 70 social graphs and this paper reports four of the analysis results.
Slides from our PacificVis 2015 presentation.
The paper tackles the problems of the “giant hairballs”, the dense and tangled structures often resulting from visualiza- tion of large social graphs. Proposed is a high-dimensional rotation technique called AGI3D, combined with an ability to filter elements based on social centrality values. AGI3D is targeted for a high-dimensional embedding of a social graph and its projection onto 3D space. It allows the user to ro- tate the social graph layout in the high-dimensional space by mouse dragging of a vertex. Its high-dimensional rotation effects give the user an illusion that he/she is destructively reshaping the social graph layout but in reality, it assists the user to find a preferred positioning and direction in the high- dimensional space to look at the internal structure of the social graph layout, keeping it unmodified. A prototype im- plementation of the proposal called Social Viewpoint Finder is tested with about 70 social graphs and this paper reports four of the analysis results.
The Inquisitive Data Scientist: Facilitating Well-Informed Data Science throu...Cagatay Turkay
Slides for my talk at the VRVis Research Centre in Vienna as part of their VRVIS Forum talk series on November 8th 2018 -- https://www.vrvis.at/newsroom/events/forum/148-invited-talk-by-cagatay-turkay-the-inquisitive-data-scientist/
The talk argues the importance of being "inquisitive" as a data scientist and discusses techniques from visualisation that support this.
Fusing Multimedia Data Into Dynamic Virtual EnvironmentsRuofei Du
In spite of the dramatic growth of virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) technology, content creation for immersive and dynamic virtual environments remains a significant challenge. In this dissertation, we present our research in fusing multimedia data, including text, photos, panoramas, and multi-view videos, to create rich and compelling virtual environments.
First, we present Social Street View, which renders geo-tagged social media in its natural geo-spatial context provided by 360° panoramas. Our system takes into account visual saliency and uses maximal Poisson-disc placement with spatio-temporal filters to render social multimedia in an immersive setting. We also present a novel GPU-driven pipeline for saliency computation in 360° panoramas using spherical harmonics (SH). Our spherical residual model can be applied to virtual cinematography in 360° videos.
We further present Geollery, a mixed-reality platform to render an interactive mirrored world in real time with three-dimensional (3D) buildings, user-generated content, and geo-tagged social media. We conduct a user study with 20 participants to qualitatively evaluate Social Street View and Geollery. The user study has identified several use cases for these systems, including immersive social storytelling, experiencing culture, and crowd-sourced tourism.
We next present Video Fields, a web-based interactive system to create, calibrate, and render dynamic videos overlaid on 3D scenes. Our system renders dynamic entities from multiple videos, using early and deferred texture sampling. Video Fields can be used for immersive surveillance in virtual environments. Furthermore, we present VRSurus and ARCrypt projects to explore the applications of gestures, haptic feedback, and visual cryptography in virtual and augmented reality environments.
Finally, we present our work on Montage4D, a real-time system for seamlessly fusing multi-view video textures with dynamic meshes. We use geodesics on meshes with view-dependent rendering to mitigate spatial occlusion seams while maintaining temporal consistency. Our experiments show significant enhancement in rendering quality, especially for salient regions such as faces. We believe that Social Street View, Geollery, Video Fields, and Montage4D will greatly facilitate several applications such as virtual tourism, immersive telepresence, and remote education.
Reviews on Deep Generative Models in the early days / GANs & VAEs paper reviewchangedaeoh
GAN, VAE등 초창기 생성모델(generative models)들을 리뷰한다.
coverage는 다음과 같다.
- VAE (2013)
- GAN (2014)
- Conditional GAN (2014)
- Conditional VAE (2015)
- Deep Convolutional GAN (2015)
- Information Maximizing GAN (2016)
TAVE research seminar 21.07.06 발표자료
발표자: 오창대
Visualisation - techniques, interaction dynamics, big dataJoris Klerkx
Module 3 - cursus Big Data - Visualisation - deel 2
Instituut voor Permanente Vorming
Various visualisation techniques
(adapted from Heer, J., Bostock, M., & Ogievetsjy, V. (2010, May). A Tour through the Visualization Zoo - A survey of powerful visualisation techniques, from the obvious to the obscure. ACM Graphics , 8 (5), https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1805128 )
Various interaction techniques
(adapted from Heer, J., & Shneiderman, B. (2012, February). Interactive Dynamics for Visual Analysis. Magazine Queue - Microprocessors , 10 (2), p. 30. http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2146416 )
Big data to big to visualize?
Abstract: Generative models, and in particular adversarial ones, are becoming prevalent in computer vision as they enable enhancing artistic creation, inspire designers, prove usefulness in semi-supervised learning or robotics applications.
We will see how to develop the abilities of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to
deviate from training examples to generate more original images of fashion designs. As a limitation of GANs is the production of raw images of low resolution, we also present solutions to produce vectorized results, and show how the developed method may be useful for image editing.
This lecture reviews methods that allow interpreting the outcomes of a deep convolutional neural network. It presents some of the techniques proposed in the literature.
Using model-based statistical inference to learn about evolutionErick Matsen
These are the slides I used for my promotion talk to associate member at the Fred Hutch. My abstract follows:
Our knowledge about much of biology is indirect: rather than directly observing a process we observe some noisy result of that process. In addition, we almost never have a complete description mapping underlying processes to observations. Given these challenges, what framework can we use to use to understand biology?
In this talk I will describe the use of probabilistic models to learn about evolution from biological data. Starting with the more familiar terrain of solving equations and performing integration in math, I will describe how these same concepts are generalized to the probabilistic setting. I will illustrate how this works in practice with examples from our current research on reconstruction of evolutionary trees and maturation of antibody-making B cells.
This is the keynote I gave at the 2018 ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction and Games.
Title: Toward a Science of Game Design
Abstract:
Game development is costly, technically challenging, and poorly understood. Increased demand for games as a form of entertainment has motivated research into technology to help ameliorate the burden involved in development. This technology unfortunately has the potential to create more problems than it solves. In this talk, I will argue that this increased demand should motivate more research into human-centered game design, involving both artifact and person. This research requires computationally modeling our human intelligence, as part of an agenda that seeks to codify the precise interplay between a person’s cognition (an inner environment), the game’s controls (an interface), and a fictional universe (an outer environment); the interplay is concerned with attaining design goals by adapting the inner environment to the outer environment. I will present examples of this agenda as embodied through my own work and identify key challenges that I think the MIG community is well-poised to address in service of establishing what Herb Simon might have called a “science of game design.”
Image generation. Gaussian models for human faces, limits and relations with linear neural networks. Generative adversarial networks (GANs), generators, discrinators, adversarial loss and two player games. Convolutional GAN and image arithmetic. Super-resolution. Nearest-neighbor, bilinear and bicubic interpolation. Image sharpening. Linear inverse problems, Tikhonov and Total-Variation regularization. Super-Resolution CNN, VDSR, Fast SRCNN, SRGAN, perceptual, adversarial and content losses. Style transfer: Gatys model, content loss and style loss.
The Inquisitive Data Scientist: Facilitating Well-Informed Data Science throu...Cagatay Turkay
Slides for my talk at the VRVis Research Centre in Vienna as part of their VRVIS Forum talk series on November 8th 2018 -- https://www.vrvis.at/newsroom/events/forum/148-invited-talk-by-cagatay-turkay-the-inquisitive-data-scientist/
The talk argues the importance of being "inquisitive" as a data scientist and discusses techniques from visualisation that support this.
Fusing Multimedia Data Into Dynamic Virtual EnvironmentsRuofei Du
In spite of the dramatic growth of virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR) technology, content creation for immersive and dynamic virtual environments remains a significant challenge. In this dissertation, we present our research in fusing multimedia data, including text, photos, panoramas, and multi-view videos, to create rich and compelling virtual environments.
First, we present Social Street View, which renders geo-tagged social media in its natural geo-spatial context provided by 360° panoramas. Our system takes into account visual saliency and uses maximal Poisson-disc placement with spatio-temporal filters to render social multimedia in an immersive setting. We also present a novel GPU-driven pipeline for saliency computation in 360° panoramas using spherical harmonics (SH). Our spherical residual model can be applied to virtual cinematography in 360° videos.
We further present Geollery, a mixed-reality platform to render an interactive mirrored world in real time with three-dimensional (3D) buildings, user-generated content, and geo-tagged social media. We conduct a user study with 20 participants to qualitatively evaluate Social Street View and Geollery. The user study has identified several use cases for these systems, including immersive social storytelling, experiencing culture, and crowd-sourced tourism.
We next present Video Fields, a web-based interactive system to create, calibrate, and render dynamic videos overlaid on 3D scenes. Our system renders dynamic entities from multiple videos, using early and deferred texture sampling. Video Fields can be used for immersive surveillance in virtual environments. Furthermore, we present VRSurus and ARCrypt projects to explore the applications of gestures, haptic feedback, and visual cryptography in virtual and augmented reality environments.
Finally, we present our work on Montage4D, a real-time system for seamlessly fusing multi-view video textures with dynamic meshes. We use geodesics on meshes with view-dependent rendering to mitigate spatial occlusion seams while maintaining temporal consistency. Our experiments show significant enhancement in rendering quality, especially for salient regions such as faces. We believe that Social Street View, Geollery, Video Fields, and Montage4D will greatly facilitate several applications such as virtual tourism, immersive telepresence, and remote education.
Reviews on Deep Generative Models in the early days / GANs & VAEs paper reviewchangedaeoh
GAN, VAE등 초창기 생성모델(generative models)들을 리뷰한다.
coverage는 다음과 같다.
- VAE (2013)
- GAN (2014)
- Conditional GAN (2014)
- Conditional VAE (2015)
- Deep Convolutional GAN (2015)
- Information Maximizing GAN (2016)
TAVE research seminar 21.07.06 발표자료
발표자: 오창대
Visualisation - techniques, interaction dynamics, big dataJoris Klerkx
Module 3 - cursus Big Data - Visualisation - deel 2
Instituut voor Permanente Vorming
Various visualisation techniques
(adapted from Heer, J., Bostock, M., & Ogievetsjy, V. (2010, May). A Tour through the Visualization Zoo - A survey of powerful visualisation techniques, from the obvious to the obscure. ACM Graphics , 8 (5), https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1805128 )
Various interaction techniques
(adapted from Heer, J., & Shneiderman, B. (2012, February). Interactive Dynamics for Visual Analysis. Magazine Queue - Microprocessors , 10 (2), p. 30. http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2146416 )
Big data to big to visualize?
Abstract: Generative models, and in particular adversarial ones, are becoming prevalent in computer vision as they enable enhancing artistic creation, inspire designers, prove usefulness in semi-supervised learning or robotics applications.
We will see how to develop the abilities of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to
deviate from training examples to generate more original images of fashion designs. As a limitation of GANs is the production of raw images of low resolution, we also present solutions to produce vectorized results, and show how the developed method may be useful for image editing.
This lecture reviews methods that allow interpreting the outcomes of a deep convolutional neural network. It presents some of the techniques proposed in the literature.
Using model-based statistical inference to learn about evolutionErick Matsen
These are the slides I used for my promotion talk to associate member at the Fred Hutch. My abstract follows:
Our knowledge about much of biology is indirect: rather than directly observing a process we observe some noisy result of that process. In addition, we almost never have a complete description mapping underlying processes to observations. Given these challenges, what framework can we use to use to understand biology?
In this talk I will describe the use of probabilistic models to learn about evolution from biological data. Starting with the more familiar terrain of solving equations and performing integration in math, I will describe how these same concepts are generalized to the probabilistic setting. I will illustrate how this works in practice with examples from our current research on reconstruction of evolutionary trees and maturation of antibody-making B cells.
This is the keynote I gave at the 2018 ACM SIGGRAPH Conference on Motion, Interaction and Games.
Title: Toward a Science of Game Design
Abstract:
Game development is costly, technically challenging, and poorly understood. Increased demand for games as a form of entertainment has motivated research into technology to help ameliorate the burden involved in development. This technology unfortunately has the potential to create more problems than it solves. In this talk, I will argue that this increased demand should motivate more research into human-centered game design, involving both artifact and person. This research requires computationally modeling our human intelligence, as part of an agenda that seeks to codify the precise interplay between a person’s cognition (an inner environment), the game’s controls (an interface), and a fictional universe (an outer environment); the interplay is concerned with attaining design goals by adapting the inner environment to the outer environment. I will present examples of this agenda as embodied through my own work and identify key challenges that I think the MIG community is well-poised to address in service of establishing what Herb Simon might have called a “science of game design.”
Image generation. Gaussian models for human faces, limits and relations with linear neural networks. Generative adversarial networks (GANs), generators, discrinators, adversarial loss and two player games. Convolutional GAN and image arithmetic. Super-resolution. Nearest-neighbor, bilinear and bicubic interpolation. Image sharpening. Linear inverse problems, Tikhonov and Total-Variation regularization. Super-Resolution CNN, VDSR, Fast SRCNN, SRGAN, perceptual, adversarial and content losses. Style transfer: Gatys model, content loss and style loss.
Slides (currently unannotated) to support the "Preparing for the Future: Technological Challenges and Beyond" workshop presented with Brian Kelly - http://ukwebfocus.com/events/ili-2015-preparing-for-the-future/
Note - slideshare seems to have messed up the conversion - some slides are (unintentionally) blank....
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
1. Visualising the difference: revealing pattern and structure through graphical techniques Tony Hirst Dept of Communication and Systems The Open University
21. To what extent does the viewer use the visualisation to inform the creation of a model that they then interpret in order to spot the differences that make a difference in the visualisation?
32. When you get the structure wrong….Marimekko/mosaic charts vs flow chart http://bit.ly/qhZfbB http://junkcharts.typepad.com/junk_charts/2011/08/false-promises-of-equality-and-structure.html
33. 2 x 7 seven data types ( 1-, 2-, 3-dimensional data, temporal and multi-dimensional data, tree and network data ) seven tasks ( overview, zoom, filter, details-on-demand, relate, history, extract ) From: The Eyes Have It: A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations Ben Schneiderman,IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1996
34.
35. Schneiderman’s “Visual Information Seeking Mantra” Overview first,zoom and filter,then details-on-demand From: The Eyes Have It:A Task by Data Type Taxonomy for Information Visualizations
44. “Banking to 45 degrees” (Cleveland) “The aspect ratio is vital because it has a large impact on our ability to judge rate of change. A number of studies in visual perception have shown that our ability to judge the relative slopes of line segments on a graph is maximized when the absolute values of the orientations of the segments are centered on 45 degrees.”
54. To what extent does the viewer use the visualisation to inform the creation of a model that they then interpret in order to spot the differences that make a difference in the visualisation?
56. (Probably no time for)QUESTIONS…? http://blog.ouseful.info @psychemedia “Mandelbrot Set Fractal - Milky Way” - dominicspics
57. "Every block of stone has a statue inside it and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it.”- Michelangelo
Editor's Notes
20 years ago, arrived at OU as a postgrad. During early stages of my research, was looking at dynamical systems models as a basis for adaptive agent behaviour. One of most beautiful things I’d ever seen was this diagram in a COGS tech report by Andy Wuensche. BUT: how could I draw such things programmatically? Never had really got into graphics, though in my electronics degree I had done my fair share of programming.Two classes of problem. In first case: 1) how to draw lines and nodes just anyway; 2) how to lay out lots of lines and nodes. I moved on to other things…. But recently, worth noting there has been a flowering of code libraries as well as applications that provide quite useable interfaces onto layout algorithms.Second class of problem: computing power. Faster machines means that it is now possible to process complex layout algorithms over large datasets in near real time; and if the process does run slow, it may be possible to turn this to some sort of advantage in user experience terms by providing an animation that shows how the algorithm is laying out a data set.Finally, an observation that others have made – screen size hasn’t really changed. (Then, when it comes to the difference that makes the difference, number of pixels per radian of visual angle that we are really concerned about…)
My own introduction to visualisation came to the fore with the MPs expenses row. Data was being made available at the time, even before the Telegraph obtained details about actual expenditure, in the form of summary data relating to the total amount of expenses claimed under different expense areas. In particular, one dataset that intrigued me was travel expenses. I see to remembers that the data, as released, was a little bit scrappy to work with, but the newly formed Guardian datastore made it readily available via a Google spreadsheet.
Possible to sort tables eg by column, but can also do sorting in the visual domain…
The difference that makes the difference – right is Gold, not Bronze…
So who won most bronze medals in Swimming? US or Australia?
Possible to sort tables eg by column, but can also do sorting in the visual domain…
The simplicity principleAlthough visual stimuli are fundamentally multi-interpretable, the human visual system usually has a clear preference for only one interpretation. To explain this preference, SIT introduced a formal coding model starting from the assumption that the perceptually preferred interpretation of a stimulus is the one with the simplest code. A simplest code is a code with minimum information load, that is, a code that enables a reconstruction of the stimulus using a minimum number of descriptive parameters. Such a code is obtained by capturing a maximum amount of visual regularity and yields a hierarchical organization of the stimulus in terms of wholes and parts.The assumption that the visual system prefers simplest interpretations is called the simplicity principle.[5] Historically, the simplicity principle is an information-theoretical descendant of the Gestalt law of Prägnanz,[6] which was based on the natural tendency of physical systems to settle into stable minimum-energy states. Furthermore, just as the later-proposed minimum description length principle in algorithmic information theory (AIT), it can be seen as a formalization of Occam's Razor in which the best hypothesis for a given set of data is the one that leads to the largest compression of the data.