This document summarizes a study on designing a microfluidic device to separate potential cancer cells using dielectrophoresis. The device uses non-uniform electric fields to manipulate cells based on their dielectric properties. Three designs were simulated using COMSOL software. The first design with parallel plate electrodes successfully separated cancer and normal blood cells within 1 minute and 50 seconds with an applied voltage of 5V and frequency of 10kHz. The second design failed because identical parallel electrodes produced zero net charge. The third design could separate cells but took longer than the first design. Dielectrophoresis shows potential for a non-invasive early cancer detection technique.
This document describes a study using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to image intrinsic fluorescence in splenic tissue from a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD). MPM was used to identify distinct morphological and spectral features associated with SCD, including spectrally unique iron-complex deposits. These deposits were found at higher concentrations in diseased tissue compared to healthy tissue. Identification of these biomarkers could provide insight into immune dysfunction and organ malfunction in SCD. Histological staining and white light microscopy were also used for comparison.
1) The study analyzed the radiation survival of 533 human cancer cell lines across 26 cancer types using a high-throughput profiling platform. It found significant variation in survival both across and within lineages, on the order of 5- to 7-fold difference within lineages.
2) The profiling platform was validated against standard clonogenic survival assays, showing a high correlation between results. Sensitivity to radiation was found to have a normal distribution within most lineages studied.
3) Analyzing genomic features, the study found that higher levels of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) in a tumor's genome correlated with increased survival after radiation exposure, possibly by enabling more error-prone DNA repair mechanisms. Certain gene mutations and
Intra and inter-fractional variation prediction of lung tumors using fuzzy d...redpel dot com
Intra and inter-fractional variation prediction of lung tumors using fuzzy deep learning
for more ieee paper / full abstract / implementation , just visit www.redpel.com
International Journal of Biometrics and Bioinformatics(IJBB) Volume (3) Issue...CSCJournals
This paper proposes a novel approach for measuring electrical impedance tomography (EIT) of local living tissue using an artificial intelligence algorithm. EIT is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that measures impedance distribution in tissue. The paper addresses challenges in estimating inner tissue impedance values and improving electrode structure. It introduces a "divided electrode" arrangement and equivalent circuit model to model local tissue impedance. An artificial intelligence algorithm called Alopex is used initially for parameter estimation, followed by the Newton method for higher accuracy, overcoming limitations of each approach individually. This novel hybrid model improves spatial resolution and accuracy of estimating tissue impedance values.
Application of Microarray Technology and softcomputing in cancer BiologyCSCJournals
DNA microarray technology has emerged as a boon to the scientific community in understanding the growth and development of life as well as in widening their knowledge in exploring the genetic causes of anomalies occurring in the working of the human body. microarray technology makes biologists be capable of monitoring expression of thousands of genes in a single experiment on a small chip. Extracting useful knowledge and info from these microarray has attracted the attention of many biologists and computer scientists. Knowledge engineering has revolutionalized the way in which the medical data is being looked at. Soft computing is a branch of computer science capable of analyzing complex medical data. Advances in the area of microarray –based expression analysis have led to the promise of cancer diagnosis using new molecular based approaches. Many studies and methodologies have come up which analyszes the gene espression data by using the techniques in data mining such as feature selection, classification, clustering etc. emboiding the soft computing methods for more accuracy. This review is an attempt to look at the recent advances in cancer research with DNA microarray technology , data mining and soft computing techniques.
Nanoparticles in lung cancer treatment and diagnosis.mohamedAhmed1628
1. The document discusses recent advances in using nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
2. It outlines different types of nanoparticles like liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles that have been used to target lung cancer cells and enhance drug delivery.
3. Recent applications show these nanoparticles can help increase drug concentrations in tumors, induce cancer cell apoptosis, and selectively target cancer cells while reducing side effects - showing promise for improved lung cancer treatment.
Knocking on the clinic door of precision medicine Yoon Sup Choi
1. Recent advances in precision oncology are based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) which has improved precision medicine for cancer patients.
2. Technologies like NGS have enabled more precise cancer diagnosis and treatment by identifying genetic mutations in tumors that can be targeted by specific therapies.
3. However, tumor heterogeneity, where different mutations exist between and within tumors, remains a challenge as it can cause resistance to targeted therapies.
The Molecular Imaging Laboratory at Howard University provides state-of-the-art imaging equipment including high resolution MRI systems for small animal and clinical research. The lab aims to train students and foster multidisciplinary research using imaging to study disease processes and investigate new treatments. Areas of research include in vivo MRI and optical imaging of disease models in small animals, as well as molecular imaging of biological processes and developing new imaging probes and nanoparticles.
This document describes a study using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to image intrinsic fluorescence in splenic tissue from a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD). MPM was used to identify distinct morphological and spectral features associated with SCD, including spectrally unique iron-complex deposits. These deposits were found at higher concentrations in diseased tissue compared to healthy tissue. Identification of these biomarkers could provide insight into immune dysfunction and organ malfunction in SCD. Histological staining and white light microscopy were also used for comparison.
1) The study analyzed the radiation survival of 533 human cancer cell lines across 26 cancer types using a high-throughput profiling platform. It found significant variation in survival both across and within lineages, on the order of 5- to 7-fold difference within lineages.
2) The profiling platform was validated against standard clonogenic survival assays, showing a high correlation between results. Sensitivity to radiation was found to have a normal distribution within most lineages studied.
3) Analyzing genomic features, the study found that higher levels of somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) in a tumor's genome correlated with increased survival after radiation exposure, possibly by enabling more error-prone DNA repair mechanisms. Certain gene mutations and
Intra and inter-fractional variation prediction of lung tumors using fuzzy d...redpel dot com
Intra and inter-fractional variation prediction of lung tumors using fuzzy deep learning
for more ieee paper / full abstract / implementation , just visit www.redpel.com
International Journal of Biometrics and Bioinformatics(IJBB) Volume (3) Issue...CSCJournals
This paper proposes a novel approach for measuring electrical impedance tomography (EIT) of local living tissue using an artificial intelligence algorithm. EIT is a non-invasive medical imaging technique that measures impedance distribution in tissue. The paper addresses challenges in estimating inner tissue impedance values and improving electrode structure. It introduces a "divided electrode" arrangement and equivalent circuit model to model local tissue impedance. An artificial intelligence algorithm called Alopex is used initially for parameter estimation, followed by the Newton method for higher accuracy, overcoming limitations of each approach individually. This novel hybrid model improves spatial resolution and accuracy of estimating tissue impedance values.
Application of Microarray Technology and softcomputing in cancer BiologyCSCJournals
DNA microarray technology has emerged as a boon to the scientific community in understanding the growth and development of life as well as in widening their knowledge in exploring the genetic causes of anomalies occurring in the working of the human body. microarray technology makes biologists be capable of monitoring expression of thousands of genes in a single experiment on a small chip. Extracting useful knowledge and info from these microarray has attracted the attention of many biologists and computer scientists. Knowledge engineering has revolutionalized the way in which the medical data is being looked at. Soft computing is a branch of computer science capable of analyzing complex medical data. Advances in the area of microarray –based expression analysis have led to the promise of cancer diagnosis using new molecular based approaches. Many studies and methodologies have come up which analyszes the gene espression data by using the techniques in data mining such as feature selection, classification, clustering etc. emboiding the soft computing methods for more accuracy. This review is an attempt to look at the recent advances in cancer research with DNA microarray technology , data mining and soft computing techniques.
Nanoparticles in lung cancer treatment and diagnosis.mohamedAhmed1628
1. The document discusses recent advances in using nanoparticles for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
2. It outlines different types of nanoparticles like liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, dendrimers, gold nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles that have been used to target lung cancer cells and enhance drug delivery.
3. Recent applications show these nanoparticles can help increase drug concentrations in tumors, induce cancer cell apoptosis, and selectively target cancer cells while reducing side effects - showing promise for improved lung cancer treatment.
Knocking on the clinic door of precision medicine Yoon Sup Choi
1. Recent advances in precision oncology are based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) which has improved precision medicine for cancer patients.
2. Technologies like NGS have enabled more precise cancer diagnosis and treatment by identifying genetic mutations in tumors that can be targeted by specific therapies.
3. However, tumor heterogeneity, where different mutations exist between and within tumors, remains a challenge as it can cause resistance to targeted therapies.
The Molecular Imaging Laboratory at Howard University provides state-of-the-art imaging equipment including high resolution MRI systems for small animal and clinical research. The lab aims to train students and foster multidisciplinary research using imaging to study disease processes and investigate new treatments. Areas of research include in vivo MRI and optical imaging of disease models in small animals, as well as molecular imaging of biological processes and developing new imaging probes and nanoparticles.
InSyBio is developing an integrated cloud platform for biomarker discovery to improve precision medicine and clinical trials. Their platform performs end-to-end biomarker analysis from raw biological data through extraction, interpretation and applications. This is more efficient than existing fragmented methods. InSyBio's biomarkers are highly accurate with small sample sizes and can reduce clinical trial costs and times. Their platform has applications in nutrition, pharma and diagnostics.
This document summarizes a presentation on 3D printing technologies for tissue engineering heart valves. It discusses using 3D printing to fabricate heart valve scaffolds with complex shapes and regional mechanical properties. Methods for controlling cell distribution throughout the scaffolds by direct bioprinting of cells within hydrogel bioinks are also presented. The development of a dynamic bioreactor to culture the 3D printed valves is discussed to mimic heart valve loading and remodeling.
Nano materials for cancer therapy.pptx (seminar).pptx by meNagarajubeeraka
Nano materials show promise for more targeted cancer treatments with fewer side effects. Nanoparticles can be programmed to selectively destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells, allowing patients to recover more quickly. Various nano structures under research include gold-coated silica nano shells for targeted drug delivery, dendrimers that can combine imaging, targeting and drug functions, and superparamagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging and targeting via magnetic fields. Applications include using quantum dots for optical detection, carbon nanotubes for biomarker detection, and nano sponges for sustained drug release at tumor sites. Overall, nano technologies may enable more effective cancer diagnostics and treatments with less toxicity.
The document discusses the application of gene chips (microarrays) in various fields of medicine. It describes how microarray technology allows for the analysis of large numbers of gene expressions and samples to study cancers, oral lesions, antibiotic treatments, and more. Microarrays are being used in areas like cancer research, forensic analysis, toxicology and more. They provide major insights into gene functions and can help with early disease detection, prognosis, and pharmacological therapy development.
Methods, Challenges and Future Directions of Radiogenomics-Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Tissue response to the radiation is a complex pathophysiological process and is an inherited polygenic trait. Aim of the Radiogenomics studies is to discover related genetic variants that confer tumor or nontumor tissue radio sensitivity as the target of radio-sensitizing and/or radio-protective agents and to identify specific genetic markers for prognosis or risk prediction. The methods for radiogenomics studies include candidate gene approaches, genome-wide association studies, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), epigenetic study, and other methods. The future direction of radiogenomics should be the development of the polygenic risk scores that are incorporated into end point-specific clinical models/nomograms.
A State of the Art Epithermal Neutron Irradiation Facility for BNCTkent.riley
This document summarizes a state-of-the-art epithermal neutron irradiation facility for neutron capture therapy located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The facility uses a fission converter-based epithermal neutron beam (FCB) that provides a high intensity beam suitable for clinical trials of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The FCB operates independently of other reactor experiments and can deliver irradiation in under 10 minutes with automated monitoring and safety controls. It is part of a larger BNCT program at MIT that also includes a prompt gamma neutron activation analysis facility to measure boron levels in tissues.
This document provides a curriculum vitae for Urmi Roy, including her contact information, education history, research interests, publications, presentations, and affiliations. She received her Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology in 2002 and is currently an Adjunct Research Associate Professor at Clarkson University. Her research focuses on structural biology, protein chemistry, and computational modeling to explore applications in drug discovery. She has over 20 publications and has presented her work at several conferences.
Multimodality Molecular Imaging – An Overview With Special Focus on PET/CTApollo Hospitals
Multimodality molecular imaging combines multiple imaging modalities to provide enhanced visualization of biological processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is particularly useful for molecular imaging as it can radiolabel biological molecules to image specific targets or pathways. PET combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides highly accurate anatomical and functional information by precisely aligning PET and anatomical images. These hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI systems utilize the strengths of each modality and offer opportunities to study molecular biology and disease in novel ways.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer TreatmentHasnat Tariq
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
1. The document analyzes the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma in relation to current treatment guidelines and future developments. It finds that genomic analysis has identified recurrent dysregulation of the MAPK and PI3K/mTOR pathways, which drive cell cycle progression and pathogenesis.
2. Current targeted therapies against EGFR and PD-L1 have improved survival rates compared to non-targeted therapies, but an underappreciation of copy number alterations may be limiting progress. Future treatments are exploring targets like HER-2, KRAS, and CDK4/6 inhibitors.
3. While progress has been made, rapid further advances are still needed due to poor survival rates and a lack of defined patient cohorts
This document summarizes various molecular imaging techniques. It discusses how nuclear medicine involves molecular imaging by combining detectable labels with biologically important molecules to assess cellular functions. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allow noninvasive assessment and quantification of small differences between patients. New molecular imaging agents currently in clinical trials will help transform imaging and therapy by quantifying targets like gene expression, receptors, and tumor metabolism. The document outlines different imaging modalities including PET, SPECT, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, ultrasound, and identifies various biomarkers that can be used as imaging targets.
This document describes a new blood test using gold nanoparticles and dynamic light scattering to detect early stage cancers. The test analyzes the protein corona that forms on the nanoparticles when mixed with blood serum. It was discovered that serum from prostate cancer patients forms a corona with higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared to non-cancer controls. Two studies showed the test has 90-95% specificity and 50% sensitivity for early prostate cancer, improving on PSA testing. The increased IgG is believed to be from autoantibodies produced against tumors. The simple test requires only a few drops of blood and provides rapid results, making it suitable for cancer screening.
Dr. Richard Cote of Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center presented "New Technologies That Will Have an Impact on Cancer" at the 2011 WellBeingWell Conference in Miami.
Quantitative image analysis for cancer diagnosis and radiation therapyWookjin Choi
1.Lung Cancer Screening
1.1.Deep learning (feasible but not interpretable)
1.2.Radiomics (concise model)
1.3.Spiculation quantification (interpretable feature)
2.PET/CT Tumor Response
2.1.Aggressive Lung ADC subtype prediction (helpful for surgeons)
2.2.Pathologic response prediction (accurate but not concise)
2.3.Local tumor morphological changes (accurate and interpretable)
Researchers from Angers University Hospital, led by Arnaud Chevrollier, have recently published an innovative study about mitochondrial dynamics, conducted on CYTOO micropatterns. Their technique allows standardized quantitative analysis of mitochondrial
networks and provides new insight into mitochondrial dysfunction. The method has strong potential in defining new diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathies, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and obesity.
This document provides biographical and career information about David S. Moore. It includes his education history, with PhD and MS degrees in Pharmacology & Toxicology from the University of Kansas. It lists his appointments including director of microscopy laboratories and various research positions. It also provides details of his patents, teaching experience, and publications.
Nanoparticles drug delivery in cancer therapyroydebolina278
This document discusses using nanoparticles for targeted cancer drug delivery. It covers an overview of cancer, how nanoparticles can be used as nanocarriers to target cancer cells, and the merits and demerits of using nanoparticles for drug delivery. The document concludes with a video example of how doxorubicin can be targeted to breast cancer cells for destruction using nanoparticles.
A bioengineering method for modeling alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma and assessing ...KiarashGrl
- We fabricated a 3D engineered model of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) using a thermally cross-linked collagen disk laden with ARMS cells.
- This 3D ARMS model mimics the structural and biochemical aspects of the tumor extracellular matrix and can be used to analyze the cytotoxicity and effects on autophagy and apoptosis of chemotherapy drugs.
- Methods were developed to detect autophagy and apoptosis in the 3D ARMS model in response to chemotherapy agents to study the mechanisms of action of these drugs.
This document describes a new microwave imaging system for breast cancer detection that produces 3D tomographic images much faster than previous systems. The system uses an array of antennas to illuminate the breast and collects data in under 2 minutes. It then uses a discrete dipole approximation algorithm to reconstruct the 3D images in less than 20 minutes, overcoming the enormous time burdens of prior algorithms. The document presents the first clinical 3D microwave tomographic images of the breast from over 400 patient exams. Two clinical examples are shown, one demonstrating potential for breast cancer screening and another focusing on monitoring therapy response.
IRJET- Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Depending on the Blood Dielectr...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed non-invasive method for measuring blood glucose concentration using ultra-wideband technology. It discusses how blood glucose levels affect the dielectric properties of blood, specifically decreasing permittivity as glucose concentration increases. An experiment is described using an open-ended coaxial probe and vector network analyzer to measure the dielectric properties of blood samples with varying glucose levels. The results show an inverse relationship between permittivity and glucose concentration. This relationship could allow calculating glucose levels from dielectric measurements in a non-invasive manner using a single UWB transceiver attached to blood vessels.
InSyBio is developing an integrated cloud platform for biomarker discovery to improve precision medicine and clinical trials. Their platform performs end-to-end biomarker analysis from raw biological data through extraction, interpretation and applications. This is more efficient than existing fragmented methods. InSyBio's biomarkers are highly accurate with small sample sizes and can reduce clinical trial costs and times. Their platform has applications in nutrition, pharma and diagnostics.
This document summarizes a presentation on 3D printing technologies for tissue engineering heart valves. It discusses using 3D printing to fabricate heart valve scaffolds with complex shapes and regional mechanical properties. Methods for controlling cell distribution throughout the scaffolds by direct bioprinting of cells within hydrogel bioinks are also presented. The development of a dynamic bioreactor to culture the 3D printed valves is discussed to mimic heart valve loading and remodeling.
Nano materials for cancer therapy.pptx (seminar).pptx by meNagarajubeeraka
Nano materials show promise for more targeted cancer treatments with fewer side effects. Nanoparticles can be programmed to selectively destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells, allowing patients to recover more quickly. Various nano structures under research include gold-coated silica nano shells for targeted drug delivery, dendrimers that can combine imaging, targeting and drug functions, and superparamagnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging and targeting via magnetic fields. Applications include using quantum dots for optical detection, carbon nanotubes for biomarker detection, and nano sponges for sustained drug release at tumor sites. Overall, nano technologies may enable more effective cancer diagnostics and treatments with less toxicity.
The document discusses the application of gene chips (microarrays) in various fields of medicine. It describes how microarray technology allows for the analysis of large numbers of gene expressions and samples to study cancers, oral lesions, antibiotic treatments, and more. Microarrays are being used in areas like cancer research, forensic analysis, toxicology and more. They provide major insights into gene functions and can help with early disease detection, prognosis, and pharmacological therapy development.
Methods, Challenges and Future Directions of Radiogenomics-Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCancer
Tissue response to the radiation is a complex pathophysiological process and is an inherited polygenic trait. Aim of the Radiogenomics studies is to discover related genetic variants that confer tumor or nontumor tissue radio sensitivity as the target of radio-sensitizing and/or radio-protective agents and to identify specific genetic markers for prognosis or risk prediction. The methods for radiogenomics studies include candidate gene approaches, genome-wide association studies, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), epigenetic study, and other methods. The future direction of radiogenomics should be the development of the polygenic risk scores that are incorporated into end point-specific clinical models/nomograms.
A State of the Art Epithermal Neutron Irradiation Facility for BNCTkent.riley
This document summarizes a state-of-the-art epithermal neutron irradiation facility for neutron capture therapy located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The facility uses a fission converter-based epithermal neutron beam (FCB) that provides a high intensity beam suitable for clinical trials of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The FCB operates independently of other reactor experiments and can deliver irradiation in under 10 minutes with automated monitoring and safety controls. It is part of a larger BNCT program at MIT that also includes a prompt gamma neutron activation analysis facility to measure boron levels in tissues.
This document provides a curriculum vitae for Urmi Roy, including her contact information, education history, research interests, publications, presentations, and affiliations. She received her Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology in 2002 and is currently an Adjunct Research Associate Professor at Clarkson University. Her research focuses on structural biology, protein chemistry, and computational modeling to explore applications in drug discovery. She has over 20 publications and has presented her work at several conferences.
Multimodality Molecular Imaging – An Overview With Special Focus on PET/CTApollo Hospitals
Multimodality molecular imaging combines multiple imaging modalities to provide enhanced visualization of biological processes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is particularly useful for molecular imaging as it can radiolabel biological molecules to image specific targets or pathways. PET combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides highly accurate anatomical and functional information by precisely aligning PET and anatomical images. These hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI systems utilize the strengths of each modality and offer opportunities to study molecular biology and disease in novel ways.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer TreatmentHasnat Tariq
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
1. The document analyzes the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma in relation to current treatment guidelines and future developments. It finds that genomic analysis has identified recurrent dysregulation of the MAPK and PI3K/mTOR pathways, which drive cell cycle progression and pathogenesis.
2. Current targeted therapies against EGFR and PD-L1 have improved survival rates compared to non-targeted therapies, but an underappreciation of copy number alterations may be limiting progress. Future treatments are exploring targets like HER-2, KRAS, and CDK4/6 inhibitors.
3. While progress has been made, rapid further advances are still needed due to poor survival rates and a lack of defined patient cohorts
This document summarizes various molecular imaging techniques. It discusses how nuclear medicine involves molecular imaging by combining detectable labels with biologically important molecules to assess cellular functions. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) allow noninvasive assessment and quantification of small differences between patients. New molecular imaging agents currently in clinical trials will help transform imaging and therapy by quantifying targets like gene expression, receptors, and tumor metabolism. The document outlines different imaging modalities including PET, SPECT, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, ultrasound, and identifies various biomarkers that can be used as imaging targets.
This document describes a new blood test using gold nanoparticles and dynamic light scattering to detect early stage cancers. The test analyzes the protein corona that forms on the nanoparticles when mixed with blood serum. It was discovered that serum from prostate cancer patients forms a corona with higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) compared to non-cancer controls. Two studies showed the test has 90-95% specificity and 50% sensitivity for early prostate cancer, improving on PSA testing. The increased IgG is believed to be from autoantibodies produced against tumors. The simple test requires only a few drops of blood and provides rapid results, making it suitable for cancer screening.
Dr. Richard Cote of Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center presented "New Technologies That Will Have an Impact on Cancer" at the 2011 WellBeingWell Conference in Miami.
Quantitative image analysis for cancer diagnosis and radiation therapyWookjin Choi
1.Lung Cancer Screening
1.1.Deep learning (feasible but not interpretable)
1.2.Radiomics (concise model)
1.3.Spiculation quantification (interpretable feature)
2.PET/CT Tumor Response
2.1.Aggressive Lung ADC subtype prediction (helpful for surgeons)
2.2.Pathologic response prediction (accurate but not concise)
2.3.Local tumor morphological changes (accurate and interpretable)
Researchers from Angers University Hospital, led by Arnaud Chevrollier, have recently published an innovative study about mitochondrial dynamics, conducted on CYTOO micropatterns. Their technique allows standardized quantitative analysis of mitochondrial
networks and provides new insight into mitochondrial dysfunction. The method has strong potential in defining new diagnostic criteria for neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathies, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and obesity.
This document provides biographical and career information about David S. Moore. It includes his education history, with PhD and MS degrees in Pharmacology & Toxicology from the University of Kansas. It lists his appointments including director of microscopy laboratories and various research positions. It also provides details of his patents, teaching experience, and publications.
Nanoparticles drug delivery in cancer therapyroydebolina278
This document discusses using nanoparticles for targeted cancer drug delivery. It covers an overview of cancer, how nanoparticles can be used as nanocarriers to target cancer cells, and the merits and demerits of using nanoparticles for drug delivery. The document concludes with a video example of how doxorubicin can be targeted to breast cancer cells for destruction using nanoparticles.
A bioengineering method for modeling alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma and assessing ...KiarashGrl
- We fabricated a 3D engineered model of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) using a thermally cross-linked collagen disk laden with ARMS cells.
- This 3D ARMS model mimics the structural and biochemical aspects of the tumor extracellular matrix and can be used to analyze the cytotoxicity and effects on autophagy and apoptosis of chemotherapy drugs.
- Methods were developed to detect autophagy and apoptosis in the 3D ARMS model in response to chemotherapy agents to study the mechanisms of action of these drugs.
This document describes a new microwave imaging system for breast cancer detection that produces 3D tomographic images much faster than previous systems. The system uses an array of antennas to illuminate the breast and collects data in under 2 minutes. It then uses a discrete dipole approximation algorithm to reconstruct the 3D images in less than 20 minutes, overcoming the enormous time burdens of prior algorithms. The document presents the first clinical 3D microwave tomographic images of the breast from over 400 patient exams. Two clinical examples are shown, one demonstrating potential for breast cancer screening and another focusing on monitoring therapy response.
IRJET- Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Depending on the Blood Dielectr...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed non-invasive method for measuring blood glucose concentration using ultra-wideband technology. It discusses how blood glucose levels affect the dielectric properties of blood, specifically decreasing permittivity as glucose concentration increases. An experiment is described using an open-ended coaxial probe and vector network analyzer to measure the dielectric properties of blood samples with varying glucose levels. The results show an inverse relationship between permittivity and glucose concentration. This relationship could allow calculating glucose levels from dielectric measurements in a non-invasive manner using a single UWB transceiver attached to blood vessels.
Gaussian Multi-Scale Feature Disassociation Screening in Tuberculosiseijceronline
This summary provides the high level information from the document in 3 sentences:
Tuberculosis is a major infectious disease that if left untreated can have high mortality rates, and while treatments exist diagnosis remains a challenge. The document discusses several methods for diagnosing tuberculosis including sputum smear microscopy, skin tests, and newer molecular diagnostic tests, as well as developing an automated method for detecting tuberculosis manifestations in chest radiographs. It proposes extracting the lung region from chest x-rays and then computing texture and shape features to classify the x-rays as normal or abnormal using a binary classifier in order to enable mass screening of large populations.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
UWB antenna with circular patch for early breast cancer detectionTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. It has the highest incidence rate and
the highest mortality rate. In recent years, the incidence of breast cancer has become more and
more important, it is becoming the first tumor killer for women around the world. Early diagnosis is
the most important parameter for detecting cancerous tissue to prevent serious consequences. In this
electronic paper, wepresent a new design of an ultra-wide-band circular microstrip patch antenna operating
in the recommended FCC band ([3.1 GHz - 10.6 GHz]) for the detection of breast tumors. The antenna is
printed on an FR4 epoxy substrate with a dielectric permittivity r = 4.4 and loss tangent tan = 0.02.
The results obtained are largely satisfying and prove that the proposed antenna is a candidate for
biomedical applications.
IRJET- Lung Cancer Detection using Digital Image Processing and Artificia...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed system to detect lung cancer at early stages using digital image processing and artificial neural networks. The system consists of several steps: image acquisition, preprocessing using histogram equalization, segmentation using thresholding, dilation, image filling, feature extraction from CT images, and classification of images using an artificial neural network. The goal is to develop an automated diagnostic system that can maximize the detection of true positive lung cancer cases while minimizing false negatives to improve early detection rates and patient outcomes.
In vivo characterization of breast tissue by non-invasive bio-impedance measu...ijbesjournal
Biological tissues have complex electrical impedance related to the tissue dimension, the internal structure
and the arrangement of the constituent cells. Since different tissues have different conductivities and
permittivities, the electrical impedance can provide useful information based on heterogeneous tissue
structures, physiological states and functions. In vivo bio-impedance breast measurements proved to be a
dependable method where these measurements can be adopted to characterize breast tissue into normal
and abnormal by a developed normalized coefficient of variation (NCV) as a numerical criterion of the bioimpedance
measurements. In this study 26 breasts in 26 women have been scanned with a homemade
Electrical Bio-impedance System (EBS). Characteristic breast conductivity and permittivity measurements
emerged for Mammographically normal and abnormal cases. CV and NCV are calculated for each case,
and the value of NCVs greater than 1.00 corresponds to abnormalities, particularly tumours while NCVs
less than 1.00 correspond to normal cases. The most promising results of (NCV) for permittivity at 1 MHz,
it detects 73% of abnormal cases including 100% tumor cases while it detects 82% of normal cases. The
numerical criterion NCV of in-vivo bio-impedance measurements of the breast appears to be promising in
breast cancer screening.
This paper explains new imaging techniques that show promising results in breast cancer detection. The
presented techniques use microwave-based methods, wavelet analyses, and neural networks to get a
suitable resolution for the breast image. One of the presented techniques (hybrid method) uses a
combination of microwaves and acoustic signals to improve the detection capability. Some promising
results are shown and explained.
Basic Evaluation of Antennas Used in Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Dete...csandit
Microwave imaging is one of the most promising techniques in diagnosis and screening of
breast cancer and in the medical field that currently under development. It is nonionizing,
noninvasive, sensitive to tumors, specific to cancers, and low-cost. Microwave measurements
can be carried out either in frequency domain or in time domain. In order to develop a
clinically viable medical imaging system, it is important to understand the characteristics of the
microwave antenna. In this paper we investigate some antenna characteristics and discuss
limitations of existing and proposed systems.
This document provides guidance on simulating radiation treatment for scrototesticular irradiation in patients with primary testicular lymphoma (PTL). It describes a 7-step technique for positioning and immobilizing the scrotum using masks and bolus material. This is illustrated with a case example of a 56-year-old male treated with chemotherapy for PTL who is receiving consolidative radiation. Treatment planning is shown comparing 6MV photon beams, arc therapy and electron beams, with arc therapy providing the best coverage of the planning target volume. The technique aims to establish a consensus method for this rare treatment scenario given the lack of standardized guidance currently available.
In this proposed work, we identified the significant research issues on lung cancer risk factors. Capturing and defining symptoms at an early stage is one of the most difficult phases for patients. Based on the history of patients records, we reviewed a number of current research studies on lung cancer and its various stages. We identified that lung cancer is one of the significant research issues in predicting the early stages of cancer disease. This research aimed to develop a model that can detect lung cancer with a remarkably high level of accuracy using the deep learning approach (convolution neural network). This method considers and resolves significant gaps in previous studies. We compare the accuracy levels and loss values of our model with VGG16, InceptionV3, and Resnet50. We found that our model achieved an accuracy of 94% and a minimum loss of 0.1%. Hence physicians can use our convolution neural network models for predicting lung cancer risk factors in the real world. Moreover, this investigation reveals that squamous cell carcinoma, normal, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are the most significant risk factors. In addition, the remaining attributes are also crucial for achieving the best performance.
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world and is responsible for around 13% of all deaths worldwide.
Cancer incidence rate is growing at an alarming rate in the world. Despite the fact that cancer is
preventable and curable in early stages, the vast majority of patients are diagnosed with cancer very late.
Furthermore, cancer commonly comes back after years of treatment. Therefore, it is of paramount
importance to predict cancer recurrence so that specific treatments can be sought. Nonetheless,
conventional methods of predicting cancer recurrence rely solely on histopathology and the results are not
very reliable. The microarray gene expression technology is a promising technology that couldpredict
cancer recurrence by analyzing the gene expression of sample cells. The microarray technology allows
researchers to examine the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. This paper describes a stateof-
the-art machine learning based approach called averaged one-dependence estimators with subsumption
resolution to tackle the problem of predicting, from DNA microarray gene expression data, whether a
particular cancer will recur within a specific timeframe, which is usually 5 years. To lower the
computational complexity, we employ an entropy-based geneselection approach to select relevant
prognosticgenes that are directly responsible for recurrence prediction. This proposed system has achieved
an average accuracy of 98.9% in predicting cancer recurrence over 3 datasets. The experimental results
demonstrate the efficacy of our framework.
An approach for radiation dose reduction in computerized tomographyIJECEIAES
Minimization of radiation dose plays an important role in human wellbeing. Excess of radiation dose leads to cancer. Radiation greatly affects young children less than 10 years of age as their life span is longer. Radiation can be reduced by hardware and/or by software techniques. Hardware methods deal with variation of parameters such as tube voltage, tube current, exposure time, focal distance and filter type. Software techniques include image processing methods. The originally acquired X-ray images may be contaminated with noise due to the fact of instability in the case of sensors, electrical power or X-ray source, that is responsible for the degradation of the image attributes. An enhanced image denoising algorithm has been proposed which decreases Gaussian noise combined with salt and pepper noise that retains most information particulars.
IRJET- Intelligent Prediction of Lung Cancer Via MRI Images using Morphologic...IRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed system to intelligently predict lung cancer using MRI images and morphological neural network analysis. The proposed system uses a three-stage approach: preprocessing MRI images, extracting features using wavelet decomposition and normalization, and classifying tissues as normal or abnormal using a morphological neural network with image pruning. This combination of morphological image processing and neural networks is intended to more efficiently classify cancer cells and identify affected regions than previous methods.
Hybrid channel and spatial attention-UNet for skin lesion segmentationIAESIJAI
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer which has affected many lives globally. The American Cancer Society research has suggested that it a serious type of skin cancer and lead to mortality but it is almost 100% curable if it is detected and treated in its early stages. Currently automated computer vision-based schemes are widely adopted but these systems suffer from poor segmentation accuracy. To overcome these issue, deep learning (DL) has become the promising solution which performs extensive training for pattern learning and provide better classification accuracy. However, skin lesion segmentation is affected due to skin hair, unclear boundaries, pigmentation, and mole. To overcome this issue, we adopt UNet based deep learning scheme and incorporated attention mechanism which considers low level statistics and high-level statistics combined with feedback and skip connection module. This helps to obtain the robust features without neglecting the channel information. Further, we use channel attention, spatial attention modulation to achieve the final segmentation. The proposed DL based scheme is instigated on publically available dataset and experimental investigation shows that the proposed Hybrid Attention UNet approach achieves average performance as 0.9715, 0.9962, 0.9710.
Enhanced convolutional neural network for non-small cell lung cancer classif...IJECEIAES
Lung cancer is a common type of cancer that causes death if not detected early enough. Doctors use computed tomography (CT) images to diagnose lung cancer. The accuracy of the diagnosis relies highly on the doctor's expertise. Recently, clinical decision support systems based on deep learning valuable recommendations to doctors in their diagnoses. In this paper, we present several deep learning models to detect non-small cell lung cancer in CT images and differentiate its main subtypes namely adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. We adopted standard convolutional neural networks (CNN), visual geometry group-16 (VGG16), and VGG19. Besides, we introduce a variant of the CNN that is augmented with convolutional block attention modules (CBAM). CBAM aims to extract informative features by combining cross-channel and spatial information. We also propose variants of VGG16 and VGG19 that utilize a support vector machine (SVM) at the classification layer instead of SoftMax. We validated all models in this study through extensive experiments on a CT lung cancer dataset. Experimental results show that supplementing CNN with CBAM leads to consistent improvements over vanilla CNN. Results also show that the VGG variants that use the SVM classifier outperform the original VGGs by a significant margin.
Comparing the performance of linear regression versus deep learning on detect...journalBEEI
This document compares the performance of linear regression versus deep learning models for detecting melanoma skin cancer using images. Two machine learning models were developed - one using linear regression for image classification and one using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for object detection. Both models were trained on 600 skin images from a public database and tested on 120 separate images. The testing results showed that the CNN model achieved 70% accuracy compared to 68% for the linear regression model. More importantly, the linear regression model had a 43% false-negative rate, much higher than the CNN's 25% rate. A high false-negative rate could result in delayed treatment and worse health outcomes. Therefore, the document concludes that the CNN model is the best approach for detecting
Deep Learning for Leukemia Detection: A MobileNetV2-Based Approach for Accura...IRJET Journal
The document discusses using a MobileNetV2 deep learning model for accurate and efficient acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) detection from microscopic images. It achieved 98.88% accuracy on training data and 98.58% on test data. The model was trained and evaluated on a dataset of 3256 images from 89 patients, including 25 healthy individuals, classified into early pre-B, pre-B and pro-B ALL stages. MobileNetV2 was chosen for its efficiency and lightweight design suitable for resource-constrained applications and real-time use.
The Acoustic Technology for Ctcs Isolation in Blood: Low-Cost Devices_Crimson...CrimsonpublishersCancer
Blood samples can be used as a liquid biopsy in cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy monitoring. This label- free method offers benefits over traditional tissue invasive biopsy. It is possible to separate rare cells from blood samples by Ultrasounds on the basis of their physical properties in a biocompatible manner. A successful separation of cultured cancer cells from WBCs with acoustic-based methods is being demonstrated during the last years through different technological approaches. The concept of plate acoustic waves (PAW) applied to acoustophoresis was recently introduced to perform acoustic flow-through separation of rare cells in blood samples. It lies in the geometrical chip design, different to other micro separators (BAW and SAW). This new strategy allows soft materials of extremely reduced volume and low-cost fabrication and opens a door to printing manufacturing processes.
Survey of emf emitted by lab equipments in pharmacy labs of southeast univers...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study that measured electromagnetic field (EMF) levels emitted by various laboratory equipment in pharmacy labs at Southeast University in Bangladesh. Researchers took EMF measurements of equipment in several different pharmacy labs, including pharmaceutical, pharmacology, organic/inorganic pharmacy, and microbiology labs. The measurements found that many of the equipment, especially older models, emitted magnetic field levels above internationally recognized safety thresholds. Given that students spend 3-6 hours per day in these labs, the researchers were concerned about potential long-term health impacts from EMF exposure. The study aimed to evaluate EMF risks to students from laboratory equipment use.
Similar to Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic device for separation of potential cancer cells (20)
Square transposition: an approach to the transposition process in block cipherjournalBEEI
The transposition process is needed in cryptography to create a diffusion effect on data encryption standard (DES) and advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithms as standard information security algorithms by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The problem with DES and AES algorithms is that their transposition index values form patterns and do not form random values. This condition will certainly make it easier for a cryptanalyst to look for a relationship between ciphertexts because some processes are predictable. This research designs a transposition algorithm called square transposition. Each process uses square 8 × 8 as a place to insert and retrieve 64-bits. The determination of the pairing of the input scheme and the retrieval scheme that have unequal flow is an important factor in producing a good transposition. The square transposition can generate random and non-pattern indices so that transposition can be done better than DES and AES.
Hyper-parameter optimization of convolutional neural network based on particl...journalBEEI
The document proposes using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the hyperparameters of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image classification. The PSO algorithm is used to find optimal values for CNN hyperparameters like the number and size of convolutional filters. In experiments on the MNIST handwritten digit dataset, the optimized CNN achieved a testing error rate of 0.87%, which is competitive with state-of-the-art models. The proposed approach finds optimized CNN architectures automatically without requiring manual design or encoding strategies during training.
Supervised machine learning based liver disease prediction approach with LASS...journalBEEI
In this contemporary era, the uses of machine learning techniques are increasing rapidly in the field of medical science for detecting various diseases such as liver disease (LD). Around the globe, a large number of people die because of this deadly disease. By diagnosing the disease in a primary stage, early treatment can be helpful to cure the patient. In this research paper, a method is proposed to diagnose the LD using supervised machine learning classification algorithms, namely logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, KNN, linear discriminant analysis, gradient boosting and support vector machine (SVM). We also deployed a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) feature selection technique on our taken dataset to suggest the most highly correlated attributes of LD. The predictions with 10 fold cross-validation (CV) made by the algorithms are tested in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, precision and f1-score values to forecast the disease. It is observed that the decision tree algorithm has the best performance score where accuracy, precision, sensitivity and f1-score values are 94.295%, 92%, 99% and 96% respectively with the inclusion of LASSO. Furthermore, a comparison with recent studies is shown to prove the significance of the proposed system.
A secure and energy saving protocol for wireless sensor networksjournalBEEI
The research domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been extensively conducted due to innovative technologies and research directions that have come up addressing the usability of WSN under various schemes. This domain permits dependable tracking of a diversity of environments for both military and civil applications. The key management mechanism is a primary protocol for keeping the privacy and confidentiality of the data transmitted among different sensor nodes in WSNs. Since node's size is small; they are intrinsically limited by inadequate resources such as battery life-time and memory capacity. The proposed secure and energy saving protocol (SESP) for wireless sensor networks) has a significant impact on the overall network life-time and energy dissipation. To encrypt sent messsages, the SESP uses the public-key cryptography’s concept. It depends on sensor nodes' identities (IDs) to prevent the messages repeated; making security goals- authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability, and freshness to be achieved. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed approach produced better energy consumption and network life-time compared to LEACH protocol; sensors are dead after 900 rounds in the proposed SESP protocol. While, in the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) scheme, the sensors are dead after 750 rounds.
Plant leaf identification system using convolutional neural networkjournalBEEI
This paper proposes a leaf identification system using convolutional neural network (CNN). This proposed system can identify five types of local Malaysia leaf which were acacia, papaya, cherry, mango and rambutan. By using CNN from deep learning, the network is trained from the database that acquired from leaf images captured by mobile phone for image classification. ResNet-50 was the architecture has been used for neural networks image classification and training the network for leaf identification. The recognition of photographs leaves requested several numbers of steps, starting with image pre-processing, feature extraction, plant identification, matching and testing, and finally extracting the results achieved in MATLAB. Testing sets of the system consists of 3 types of images which were white background, and noise added and random background images. Finally, interfaces for the leaf identification system have developed as the end software product using MATLAB app designer. As a result, the accuracy achieved for each training sets on five leaf classes are recorded above 98%, thus recognition process was successfully implemented.
Customized moodle-based learning management system for socially disadvantaged...journalBEEI
This study aims to develop Moodle-based LMS with customized learning content and modified user interface to facilitate pedagogical processes during covid-19 pandemic and investigate how teachers of socially disadvantaged schools perceived usability and technology acceptance. Co-design process was conducted with two activities: 1) need assessment phase using an online survey and interview session with the teachers and 2) the development phase of the LMS. The system was evaluated by 30 teachers from socially disadvantaged schools for relevance to their distance learning activities. We employed computer software usability questionnaire (CSUQ) to measure perceived usability and the technology acceptance model (TAM) with insertion of 3 original variables (i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use) and 5 external variables (i.e., attitude toward the system, perceived interaction, self-efficacy, user interface design, and course design). The average CSUQ rating exceeded 5.0 of 7 point-scale, indicated that teachers agreed that the information quality, interaction quality, and user interface quality were clear and easy to understand. TAM results concluded that the LMS design was judged to be usable, interactive, and well-developed. Teachers reported an effective user interface that allows effective teaching operations and lead to the system adoption in immediate time.
Understanding the role of individual learner in adaptive and personalized e-l...journalBEEI
Dynamic learning environment has emerged as a powerful platform in a modern e-learning system. The learning situation that constantly changing has forced the learning platform to adapt and personalize its learning resources for students. Evidence suggested that adaptation and personalization of e-learning systems (APLS) can be achieved by utilizing learner modeling, domain modeling, and instructional modeling. In the literature of APLS, questions have been raised about the role of individual characteristics that are relevant for adaptation. With several options, a new problem has been raised where the attributes of students in APLS often overlap and are not related between studies. Therefore, this study proposed a list of learner model attributes in dynamic learning to support adaptation and personalization. The study was conducted by exploring concepts from the literature selected based on the best criteria. Then, we described the results of important concepts in student modeling and provided definitions and examples of data values that researchers have used. Besides, we also discussed the implementation of the selected learner model in providing adaptation in dynamic learning.
Prototype mobile contactless transaction system in traditional markets to sup...journalBEEI
1) Researchers developed a prototype contactless transaction system using QR codes and digital payments to support physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in traditional markets.
2) The system allows sellers and buyers in traditional markets to conduct fast, secure transactions via smartphones without direct cash exchange. Buyers scan sellers' QR codes to view product details and make e-wallet payments.
3) Testing showed the system's functions worked properly and users found it easy to use and useful for supporting contactless transactions and digital transformation of traditional markets. However, further development is needed to increase trust in digital payments for users unfamiliar with the technology.
Wireless HART stack using multiprocessor technique with laxity algorithmjournalBEEI
The use of a real-time operating system is required for the demarcation of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) stacks (RTOS). In the industrial world, a vast number of sensors are utilised to gather various types of data. The data gathered by the sensors cannot be prioritised ahead of time. Because all of the information is equally essential. As a result, a protocol stack is employed to guarantee that data is acquired and processed fairly. In IWSN, the protocol stack is implemented using RTOS. The data collected from IWSN sensor nodes is processed using non-preemptive scheduling and the protocol stack, and then sent in parallel to the IWSN's central controller. The real-time operating system (RTOS) is a process that occurs between hardware and software. Packets must be sent at a certain time. It's possible that some packets may collide during transmission. We're going to undertake this project to get around this collision. As a prototype, this project is divided into two parts. The first uses RTOS and the LPC2148 as a master node, while the second serves as a standard data collection node to which sensors are attached. Any controller may be used in the second part, depending on the situation. Wireless HART allows two nodes to communicate with each other.
Implementation of double-layer loaded on octagon microstrip yagi antennajournalBEEI
This document describes the implementation of a double-layer structure on an octagon microstrip yagi antenna (OMYA) to improve its performance at 5.8 GHz. The double-layer consists of two double positive (DPS) substrates placed above the OMYA. Simulation and experimental results show that the double-layer configuration increases the gain of the OMYA by 2.5 dB compared to without the double-layer. The measured bandwidth of the OMYA with double-layer is 14.6%, indicating the double-layer can increase both the gain and bandwidth of the OMYA.
The calculation of the field of an antenna located near the human headjournalBEEI
In this work, a numerical calculation was carried out in one of the universal programs for automatic electro-dynamic design. The calculation is aimed at obtaining numerical values for specific absorbed power (SAR). It is the SAR value that can be used to determine the effect of the antenna of a wireless device on biological objects; the dipole parameters will be selected for GSM1800. Investigation of the influence of distance to a cell phone on radiation shows that absorbed in the head of a person the effect of electromagnetic radiation on the brain decreases by three times this is a very important result the SAR value has decreased by almost three times it is acceptable results.
Exact secure outage probability performance of uplinkdownlink multiple access...journalBEEI
In this paper, we study uplink-downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems by considering the secure performance at the physical layer. In the considered system model, the base station acts a relay to allow two users at the left side communicate with two users at the right side. By considering imperfect channel state information (CSI), the secure performance need be studied since an eavesdropper wants to overhear signals processed at the downlink. To provide secure performance metric, we derive exact expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) and and evaluating the impacts of main parameters on SOP metric. The important finding is that we can achieve the higher secrecy performance at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, the numerical results demonstrate that the SOP tends to a constant at high SNR. Finally, our results show that the power allocation factors, target rates are main factors affecting to the secrecy performance of considered uplink-downlink NOMA systems.
Design of a dual-band antenna for energy harvesting applicationjournalBEEI
This report presents an investigation on how to improve the current dual-band antenna to enhance the better result of the antenna parameters for energy harvesting application. Besides that, to develop a new design and validate the antenna frequencies that will operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.4 GHz. At 5.4 GHz, more data can be transmitted compare to 2.4 GHz. However, 2.4 GHz has long distance of radiation, so it can be used when far away from the antenna module compare to 5 GHz that has short distance in radiation. The development of this project includes the scope of designing and testing of antenna using computer simulation technology (CST) 2018 software and vector network analyzer (VNA) equipment. In the process of designing, fundamental parameters of antenna are being measured and validated, in purpose to identify the better antenna performance.
Transforming data-centric eXtensible markup language into relational database...journalBEEI
eXtensible markup language (XML) appeared internationally as the format for data representation over the web. Yet, most organizations are still utilising relational databases as their database solutions. As such, it is crucial to provide seamless integration via effective transformation between these database infrastructures. In this paper, we propose XML-REG to bridge these two technologies based on node-based and path-based approaches. The node-based approach is good to annotate each positional node uniquely, while the path-based approach provides summarised path information to join the nodes. On top of that, a new range labelling is also proposed to annotate nodes uniquely by ensuring the structural relationships are maintained between nodes. If a new node is to be added to the document, re-labelling is not required as the new label will be assigned to the node via the new proposed labelling scheme. Experimental evaluations indicated that the performance of XML-REG exceeded XMap, XRecursive, XAncestor and Mini-XML concerning storing time, query retrieval time and scalability. This research produces a core framework for XML to relational databases (RDB) mapping, which could be adopted in various industries.
Key performance requirement of future next wireless networks (6G)journalBEEI
The document provides an overview of the key performance indicators (KPIs) for 6G wireless networks compared to 5G networks. Some of the major KPIs discussed for 6G include: achieving data rates of up to 1 Tbps and individual user data rates up to 100 Gbps; reducing latency below 10 milliseconds; supporting up to 10 million connected devices per square kilometer; improving spectral efficiency by up to 100 times through technologies like terahertz communications and smart surfaces; and achieving an energy efficiency of 1 pico-joule per bit transmitted through techniques like wireless power transmission and energy harvesting. The document outlines how 6G aims to integrate terrestrial, aerial and maritime communications into a single network to provide ubiquitous connectivity with higher
Noise resistance territorial intensity-based optical flow using inverse confi...journalBEEI
This paper presents the use of the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function with the territorial intensity-based optical flow to prove the effectiveness in noise resistance environment. In general, the image’s motion vector is coded by the technique called optical flow where the sequences of the image are used to determine the motion vector. But, the accuracy rate of the motion vector is reduced when the source of image sequences is interfered by noises. This work proved that the inverse confidential technique on bilateral function can increase the percentage of accuracy in the motion vector determination by the territorial intensity-based optical flow under the noisy environment. We performed the testing with several kinds of non-Gaussian noises at several patterns of standard image sequences by analyzing the result of the motion vector in a form of the error vector magnitude (EVM) and compared it with several noise resistance techniques in territorial intensity-based optical flow method.
Modeling climate phenomenon with software grids analysis and display system i...journalBEEI
This study aims to model climate change based on rainfall, air temperature, pressure, humidity and wind with grADS software and create a global warming module. This research uses 3D model, define, design, and develop. The results of the modeling of the five climate elements consist of the annual average temperature in Indonesia in 2009-2015 which is between 29oC to 30.1oC, the horizontal distribution of the annual average pressure in Indonesia in 2009-2018 is between 800 mBar to 1000 mBar, the horizontal distribution the average annual humidity in Indonesia in 2009 and 2011 ranged between 27-57, in 2012-2015, 2017 and 2018 it ranged between 30-60, during the East Monsoon, the wind circulation moved from northern Indonesia to the southern region Indonesia. During the west monsoon, the wind circulation moves from the southern part of Indonesia to the northern part of Indonesia. The global warming module for SMA/MA produced is feasible to use, this is in accordance with the value given by the validate of 69 which is in the appropriate category and the response of teachers and students through a 91% questionnaire.
An approach of re-organizing input dataset to enhance the quality of emotion ...journalBEEI
The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach of re-organizing input data to recognize emotion based on short signal segments and increase the quality of emotional recognition using physiological signals. MIT's long physiological signal set was divided into two new datasets, with shorter and overlapped segments. Three different classification methods (support vector machine, random forest, and multilayer perceptron) were implemented to identify eight emotional states based on statistical features of each segment in these two datasets. By re-organizing the input dataset, the quality of recognition results was enhanced. The random forest shows the best classification result among three implemented classification methods, with an accuracy of 97.72% for eight emotional states, on the overlapped dataset. This approach shows that, by re-organizing the input dataset, the high accuracy of recognition results can be achieved without the use of EEG and ECG signals.
Parking detection system using background subtraction and HSV color segmentationjournalBEEI
Manual system vehicle parking makes finding vacant parking lots difficult, so it has to check directly to the vacant space. If many people do parking, then the time needed for it is very much or requires many people to handle it. This research develops a real-time parking system to detect parking. The system is designed using the HSV color segmentation method in determining the background image. In addition, the detection process uses the background subtraction method. Applying these two methods requires image preprocessing using several methods such as grayscaling, blurring (low-pass filter). In addition, it is followed by a thresholding and filtering process to get the best image in the detection process. In the process, there is a determination of the ROI to determine the focus area of the object identified as empty parking. The parking detection process produces the best average accuracy of 95.76%. The minimum threshold value of 255 pixels is 0.4. This value is the best value from 33 test data in several criteria, such as the time of capture, composition and color of the vehicle, the shape of the shadow of the object’s environment, and the intensity of light. This parking detection system can be implemented in real-time to determine the position of an empty place.
Quality of service performances of video and voice transmission in universal ...journalBEEI
The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) has distinct benefits in that it supports a wide range of quality of service (QoS) criteria that users require in order to fulfill their requirements. The transmission of video and audio in real-time applications places a high demand on the cellular network, therefore QoS is a major problem in these applications. The ability to provide QoS in the UMTS backbone network necessitates an active QoS mechanism in order to maintain the necessary level of convenience on UMTS networks. For UMTS networks, investigation models for end-to-end QoS, total transmitted and received data, packet loss, and throughput providing techniques are run and assessed and the simulation results are examined. According to the results, appropriate QoS adaption allows for specific voice and video transmission. Finally, by analyzing existing QoS parameters, the QoS performance of 4G/UMTS networks may be improved.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
bank management system in java and mysql report1.pdf
Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic device for separation of potential cancer cells
1. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 9, No. 6, December 2020, pp. 2270~2277
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v9i6.2224 2270
Journal homepage: http://beei.org
Dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic device for separation
of potential cancer cells
Nur Fatien Najwa Mohamad Narji, Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad
Division of Control and Mechatronics Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Feb 13, 2020
Revised Apr 19, 2020
Accepted May 7, 2020
Cancer is a leading cause of death that adversely affects all ages and genders
around the world. There is a range of approaches such as CT scanning
and mammography to diagnose cancer. Although the current method has many
benefits, most of it share similar drawbacks as the result of detection takes
long time and can lead to over diagnosis. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a method
that can be used to obtain the cell electrical properties such as capacitance,
conductivity, and permittivity. A device was designed in this study using
a pair of electrodes and main channel with two inlets and two outlets.
COMSOL software is adopted to analyze channel particle flow. Results show
the configuration of microfluidic device and its dimensions. For potential
application, DEP may be used as a non-invasive technique to distinguish
normal cell from cancerous cell, which can lead to early detection as it offers
a real-time warning. The simulations reveal that the electrodes captured
the particles successfully and sorted them within specific time. The chance
of cell capture and the ability of the electrodes to sort the cells is around 80%.
In addition, an ideal design of the microfluidic chip was established,
incorporating the cell and dielectric properties.
Keywords:
Cancerous cell
CT scanning
Dielectrophoresis
Mammography
Microfluidic
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad,
Division of Control and Mechatronic Engineering,
School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
Email: mdridzuan@utm.my
1. INTRODUCTION
This paper focuses on a blood cell separation device. The system of this device can detect and separate
the cells by using the dielectric properties and produce output on real-time notifications. Cancer is a disease
caused by the growth of abnormal cell in our body [1]. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells do not stop growing.
The cells keep doubling and forming a tumor that grows in size. Cancer of the blood cells does not form
a tumor, but eventually, they create an abnormal cell in our blood. Cancer risk factors can be roughly divided
into a biological factor, environmental exposure, occupational risk, and lifestyle-related factor [2]. With a higher
condition of being diseased and a higher death rate, cancer has become an essential health threat problem
around the world.
According to the National Cancer Institute, the number of new cancer cases is expected to increase
from about 1.5 million per year in 2010 to 1.9 million per year in 2020 [3]. While for the number of cancer
deaths, it is expected to increase from about 575,000 per year in 2010 to 630,000 per year in 2020. In 2018,
it is estimated that 18,078,957 new cases recorded for all cases combined. The most crucial part is more than
half of the new cases cause death.
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This paper focuses to develop a simulation of a microfluidic system that can detect cancerous cell in
a blood sample. The main properties to simulate the system are by determining the dielectric properties and
the types of the electrode that will be used in the system. Nowadays, there are a lot of conventional methods
to detect cancer at an early stage. Some of the popular methods are blood test, clinical imaging and biopsies [4].
A blood test commonly tests and measures the amount of varies types of blood cell in the sample. Next,
screening test methods for clinical application include ultrasonic testing, X-ray imaging, computed
tomography (CT) [2], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [5], mammography [6] and Endoscope [7]. On the
other hand, a biopsy is a sample of abnormal tissue taken from the body. Although all of the conventional
methods have their own advantages, there are also some disadvantages to these approaches [8].
For example, the blood test cannot give the final result and cannot give confirmation whether the
patients have a disease or not. A blood test does not provide detailed information about cancer detection [9].
They only provide some clues by identifying the cancer markers (biomarkers). This is shows that the blood
test can only provide qualitative data that leads to insufficient data to detect cancerous cells. Next, for clinical
imaging, usually, the results are lagging behind the tumor progression. Research shows that specific
screening test such as Mammography takes around three days to weeks depending on the critical stage of
cancer [10], while for the analysis of biopsies, it takes more than 10 days to give the result [11]. Then, the
clinical imaging method uses high technologies such as radiation and high magnetization force, so this leads
to bigger investment and higher cost for the patient to pay [12]. As for the biopsy technique, it can reach
more than RM5, 000 per session depending on types of biopsies. Biopsies also can cause altered appearances
depends on the size of tissue taken [13].
The most important measures of diagnostic accuracy are sensitivity and specificity. Sensitivity
refers to the ability of the test to identify patients with the disease. Specificity refers to the ability of the test
to identify patients without the disease [14]. According to an article written by Y Toyoda [15], sensitivity
and specificity by the screening detection of lung cancer were 88.9 and 92.6% for low-dose CT and 78.3
and 97.0% for chest X-ray, respectively. The sensitivity of low-dose CT by the incidence method was 79.5%,
whereas that of the chest X-ray was 86.5%. Thus, it is necessary to find a new method, which can give higher
accuracy of quantitative data instead of qualitative data [10]. It is also fundamental to develop a method that
can give real-time notification to detect cancer at an early stage
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The device is fabricated as three layers microfluidic chip as shown in Figure 1(a). The device has
two inlet ports, which are for buffer solution and blood sample, two outlet ports, housing a resistor ladder
network, interconnection chamber electrodes. The device integrates and employs hydrodynamic focusing at
the cell injector ports. Outlet ports are connected to two identical syringes housed on a variable speed syringe
pump. At the end of the channel, the fluid and separated cell are directed to two identical but separate outlets
for sample collection. It is designated in a miniature device with the dimension as illustrated in Figure 1(b).
For the second and third layer, the length is 89 mm. For the cover plate extension, the length is 6 mm longer
and for the base plate extension, it is 10 mm wider. The main channel is around 600 micro mm. The overall
dimension is 9 cm×3 cm.
(a) (b)
Figure 1. The proposed design of the microfluidic chip, (a) The overview of the microfluidic chip design,
(b) The dimension of microfluidic chip design
In this study, the dielectric properties of red blood cells and cancerous cells were measured.
The particles diameter of the cancerous cell is approximately two times smaller than normal blood cells.
All the dielectric properties were fixed as shown in Tables 1 and 2. The dielectric properties consist of
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diameter, conductivity, permittivity, and viscosity. The formula used will be explained in the next part
of this journal. Dielectrophoretic (DEP) phenomena occur when particles in a medium are exposed to
a non-uniform field and cause polarization for particular particles according to their dielectric properties [16].
DEP Force is classified into two types according to correlations of dielectric properties of both particles
and medium [17].
Table 1. Parameters of cancerous cells and RBCs
Variables Cancerous cell RBC Unit
Particle diameter 2.4 5 Um
Particle conductivity 0.25 0.31 S/m
Particle relative permittivity 50 59
Shell electrical conductivity 1.00E-06 1.00E-06 S/m
Shell relative permittivity 6 4.44
Shell thickness 8 9 nm
Table 2. Parameters of the combination of particles that were injected to the inlet port
Variables RBC and cancerous cell Unit
Frequency of electrical field 100 kHz
Fluid medium conductivity 55 mS/m
Fluid relative permittivity 80
Fluid density 1000 kg/m^3
Fluid dynamic viscosity 1.00E-03 Pa*s
Particle density 1050 kg/m^3
As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, p-DEP force pulls particles toward a higher electric gradient,
while n-DEP force repels the particles away from the higher electric gradient. Thus, the various targeted cell
with different dielectric properties can be manipulated by adjusting the medium properties or the input
voltage condition. The magnitude and direction of the DEP force are determined by the intrinsic dielectric
properties of particles and medium. It is expressed in (1) [18]:
FDEP =2πr3 εm εo Re [fCM] ∇|Erms |2 (1)
Figure 2. The main channel inside the microfluidic chip [19]
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Figure 3. The overview of how dielectrophoresis work [20]
The particle's movement is depending on three forces, which are DEP forces, hydrodynamic force,
and gravity [21]. A blood sample will be injected through Branch A while hydrodynamic forces will be
supplied at Branch B. Next, the cells will then pass through the main channel and experience sedimentation
and levitation due to the gravity and n-DEP Force [22]. When the DEP force is larger than gravity, particles
will move diagonally due to hydrodynamic force [23]. After the cells experience the repulsive and attractive
force, it will then be separated to Branch C (an outlet for healthy cell) and Branch D (cancerous cell).
The complex permittivity of a living cell can be approximated using (2) [24-26]:
(2)
where;
= /w: effective complex permittivity of the cell interior
= /w: effective complex permittivity of the cell membrane
The membrane of a living cell as in many orders of magnitude less conducting than the cell
interior is (σmem≪σin). Thus, at frequencies well below the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation frequency (~MHz),
the factor:
( ) (3)
If membrane thickness (d) is very small relative to cell radius (d<<r), then cell complex permittivity
simplifies to (4):
(4)
where;
Cspec = Specific membrane capacitance
Gspec = Specific membrane conductance
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A commercial software package, COMSOL 5.3a was used to produce a designated model to study
the flow of the channel. This software has unique capabilities for multiphysics, multiscale and coupled
simulations of fluid, thermal, chemical, biological, electrical and mechanical phenomena for real-world
applications [27]. The program provided an integrated geometry and grid generation module, a graphical user
interface for preparing the model, a computational solver for performing the simulation and an interactive
visualization program. These were used to analyze the simulation results.
3.1. Design of the microfluidic device
In this study, three designs were proposed. The dimensions and number of input and output
are the same. The only difference is the location of the electrodes. All designs were tested to determine
the most ideal and effective location of electrodes. To make the visual more clear, the model has been
designed in the 2D diagram as shown in Figure 4. In Figure 5 the simulations were tested to investigate
the velocity, pressure, and electrical potential of all the proposed designs.
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(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 4. 2D design of microfluidic device, (a) Parallel electrodes located on the same x-axis coordinate,
(b) Parallel electrodes with different coordinates, (c) Electrodes parallel with plate electrode
(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 5. The simulations in parallel-plate design, (a) The electric potential in the parallel-plate design,
(b) The pressure of the parallel- plate design, (c) The velocity magnitude of the parallel- plate design
3.2. Simulation investigation: Velocity, pressure and electrical potential
Three studies were tested to obtain the results of cell separation. The first study is to obtain
the velocity, pressure and electrical potential. For the first study, all designs were succeeded. The graphic
output was the same as the data inserted in the simulation. Next, the manipulated variables in this study are
voltages, impedances, and frequencies. The voltages were tested from 5 V to 25 V. Impedances were in the
range of 50 ohms to 300 ohms, while for the frequency, the simulation was tested below the range of 50 kHz.
3.3. Simulation investigation: Simulation without dielectrophoretic force
For the second study, the particle trajectories without DEP force were applied. The blood cells were
released at the same time and follow a similar path. In this simulation, the time starts at 0s and end at
the third second. At this situation, there was no cell separation because DEP force=0. This simulation was
succeeded as shown in Figure 6.
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(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 6. The design without dielectrophoretic force, (a) Electrodes parallel with plate electrode,
(b) Parallel electrodes located on the same x-axis coordinate, (c) Parallel electrodes with different coordinates
After the second study was simulated, results show that all designs took approximately 2 minutes to
reach the end of the channel. In this situation, the velocity of the particles is the main role and the most
related to the flow rate of particles. The flow rate of all designs was the same because the velocity injected
for all the designs were the same. The first inlet (blood cells) has a velocity of 135 um/s while the second
inlet (buffer solution has the velocity of 800 um/s).
3.4. Simulation Investigation: Simulation with dielectrophoretic force
The objective of the third study is to separate the blood cells into two channels. The particles of
the cancerous cells were two times smaller than the blood cells to ease the user to track and differentiate
the particles. As shown in Figure 7, the particles that were marked by the red color is the normal cells while
the blue color is for the cancerous cells.
(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 7. The design with dielectrophoretic force, (a) Electrodes parallel with Plate Electrode, (b) Parallel
electrodes located on the same x-axis coordinate, (c) Parallel electrodes with different coordinates
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The simulation was tested to investigate the movement of particles flow with DEP force and to
investigate the time taken and flow rate of particles flow. The same size and shapes of the electrode can cause
the charge to be zero, thus there will be no attractive and repulsive force. Positive and negative electrode
charges should be designed in different shapes and sizes so that they can produce a different field of charge.
In the third study, the flow rate of the particles and the ideal design have been determined. For the first
design, the separation time of the particles is around 1 minute and 50 seconds with 5 V and 10 kHz injected.
For the second design, the location of the electrodes to be parallel to each other causing the simulation to fail.
The objective to separate the cells cannot be achieved. Same size and shapes of the electrode can cause
the charge to be zero, thus there will be no attractive and repulsive force. As for the solution, positive and
negative electrode should be designed in different shape and size so that they can produce a different field
of charge. Next, for the third design, the separation time of the particles is approximately 1 minute
and 4 seconds. Thus, the third design was chosen as the most ideal design of the microfluidic chips
3.5. Simulation investigation: simulation being tested by variety of voltages, frequencies, and
impedance
The last case to be considered in this study is the variation simulation of the third design. To obtain
the maximum value of the electrical properties, the simulation was tested by a variety of properties.
The fastest flow rate of this simulation is approximately around 58 seconds with 30 V and 10 kHz. However,
the simulation cannot separate the cells when the frequency inserted was above 50 V. This severe
temperature increase inside the channel leads to a serious Joule heating effect inside the channel, which can
cause the cells to be damaged.
4. CONCLUSION
This paper presents the design and the simulation of a microfluidic device that can perform particle
separation. This device comprises a PDMS channel with micropillars and a glass substrate with electrodes.
The simulations reveal that the particles were successfully captured by the electrodes and sorted within
a specific time. The impedance is measured at the frequencies of between 10 to 50 kHz. The software
COMSOL is adopted to study the flow of the particles in the channel; the probability of the cell capture
and the ability of the electrodes to sort out the cells is about 80%. Furthermore, an ideal design of
the microfluidic chip, incorporating the cell and dielectric properties have been established.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The research was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia and Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia (Grant Nos. Q.J130000.2851.00L23 and Q.J130000.21A2.04E82); we thank them for
funding this project and for their endless support.
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