Dielectric properties can be measured using an impedance analyzer. A dielectric is a material with a permanent electric dipole moment. Dipoles have equal and opposite charges separated by a small distance. The dielectric constant is the ratio of a material's permeability to the permeability of free space. When an electric field is applied to a dielectric, the electric charges are displaced and dipoles are induced, causing polarization. An impedance analyzer can measure properties like impedance, resistance, susceptance, and dielectric constant of materials over a range of frequencies. It provides information on the performance of components like capacitors, inductors, and resistors. Dielectrics used in applications must have properties like high resistivity, strength, fire resistance and low losses

1. Dielectric Properties Measurement
by ImpedanceAnalyzer.
Submitted by-
Jahid Hasan Kasem

2. Introduction
■ Dielectrics are the materials having electric dipole moment
permantly
■ Dipole: A dipole is an entity in which equal positive and negative
charges are separated by a small distance.

3. DIPOLE moment
The product of magnitude of either of the charges and separation distance b/w them is
called Dipole moment.
μe = q . x → coul – m
All dielectrics are electrical insulators and they are mainly used to store electrical energy. It
stores with minimum dissipation power). Since, the e - are bound to their parent molecules
& hence, there is no free charge
+q - q
X

5. Dielectric parameter
Dielectric constant(εr ):- It is defined as the ratio of permittivity of
medium(ε) to the permittivity of free space(Ɛ0).
𝜀 𝑟 =
𝜀
𝜀0
Electric dipole moment (μ):-The product of magnitude of charges &
distance of separation is known as electric dipole moment (μ ).
μ = Q.r

6. Electric Polarization :-The process of producing electric dipoles by an
electric field is called polarization in dielectrics.
“ In simple words polarization P is defined as the dipole moment per unit
volume averaged over the volume of a cell”
P = μ / volume
Polarizability :-When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, the
displacement of electric charge gives rise to the creation of dipole in the
material .The polarization P of an elementary particle is directly
proportional to the electric field strength E.
P∞E
P=aE
α→polarizability constant
The unit of α is Fm2

7. Conductance: Electrical conductance measures how easily electricity
flows along a certain path through an electrical element.The SI derived unit of
conductance is the siemen. Because it is the reciprocal of electrical resistance
(measured in ohms), historically, this unit was referred to as the mho.
Resistance: The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is the
opposition to the passage of an electric current through that conductor; the
inverse quantity is electrical conductance, the ease at which an electric
current passes.The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω).
Impedance : Electrical impedance, or simply impedance, describes a
measure of opposition to alternating current (AC). Electrical impedance
extends the concept of resistance to AC circuits, describing not only the
relative amplitudes of the voltage and current, but also the relative phases.
When the circuit is driven with direct current (DC) there is no distinction
between impedance and resistance; the latter can be thought of as impedance
with zero phase angle.

8. Susceptance (B) : It is the imaginary part of admittance.The inverse of
admittance is impedance and the real part of admittance is conductance.
In SI units, susceptance is measured in Siemens.
The general equation defining admittance is given by
Y= G + jB
where,
Y is the admittance, measured in Siemens (a.k.a. mho, the inverse of
ohm).G is the conductance, measured in Siemens. j is the imaginary unit, and B is
the susceptance, measured in Siemens.The admittance (Y) is the inverse of the
impedance (Z).

9. Where,
Z = R + jX
Z is the impedance, measured in ohms
R is the resistance, measured in ohms
X is the reactance, measured in ohms.
Note:The susceptance is the imaginary part of the admittance.
The magnitude of admittance is given by:

10. Properties of Good Dielectric Material
■ It should have high resistivity to reduce the leakage current.
■ It should have high dielectric strength.
■ It should have high mechanical strength.
■ It should have high fire resistance.
■ It should have low thermal expansion.
■ It should have high thermal conductivity.
■ It should have low dielectric loss.
■ It should have low water absorption quality.

11. Some ImpedanceAnalyzer

12. Alpha-A Modular Measurement System

13. Result of a Capacitor
Impedance
vs
Frequency

14. self-resonant
frequency (SRF)

16. Result of an Inductor

18. Result of a Resistor

20. Application
Capacitors

21. Transformers

22. Polymeric film

23. Electrolytic

24. ThankYou