It is a defect in the body’s ability to convert glucose (sugar) to energy. Glucose is the main source of fuel for our body. When food is digested it is changed into fats, protein, or carbohydrates.

2. 
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3. 
 Diabetes is a defect in the body’s ability to convert glucose
(sugar) to energy. Glucose is the main source of fuel for our
body. When food is digested it is changed into fats, protein,
or carbohydrates. Foods that affect blood sugars are called
carbohydrates. Carbohydrates, when digested, change to
glucose.
 Individuals with diabetes should eat carbohydrates but must
do so in moderation. Carbohydrates like: bread, rice, pasta,
potatoes, corn, fruit, and milk products.
Diabetes

4. 
 Glucose is then transferred to the blood and is used by the
cells for energy. In order for glucose to be transferred from
the blood into the cells, the hormone - insulin is needed.
Insulin is produced by the beta cells in the pancreas.
 In individuals with diabetes, this process is impaired.
Diabetes develops when the pancreas fails to produce
sufficient quantities of insulin – Type 1 diabetes or the
insulin produced is defective and cannot move glucose into
the cells – Type 2 diabetes.

5. 
 Type1:- It is caused by a lack of insulin due to the
destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
In type 1 diabetes—an autoimmune disease—the body’s
immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells.
 Type 1 diabetes typically occurs in children and young
adults, though it can appear at any age. In the past, type 1
diabetes was called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
 Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) may be a
slowly developing kind of type 1 diabetes. Diagnosis
usually occurs after age 30.
Types

6. 
 Genetic Reason:- Heredity plays an important part in
determining who is likely to develop type 1 diabetes. Genes
are passed down from biological parent to child.
 Certain gene variants that carry instructions for making
proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) on white
blood cells are linked to the risk of developing type 1
diabetes.
 Genetic testing can show what types of HLA genes a
person carries and can reveal other genes linked to diabetes.

7. 
 Type 2:- The most common form of diabetes—is caused by
a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a
condition in which the body’s muscle, fat, and liver cells do
not use insulin effectively.
 It develops when the body can no longer produce enough
insulin to compensate for the impaired ability to use insulin.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may develop gradually and
can be subtle; some people with type 2 diabetes remain
undiagnosed for years.
 Type 2 diabetes develops most often in middle-aged and
older people who are also overweight or obese.

8. 
 Genetic Reason:- Having certain genes or combinations of
genes may increase or decrease a person’s risk for
developing the disease. The role of genes is suggested by
the high rate of type 2 diabetes in families and identical
twins and wide variations in diabetes prevalence by
ethnicity.
 Type 2 diabetes occurs more frequently in African
Americans, Alaska Natives, American Indians,
Hispanics/Latinos, and some Asian Americans, Native
Hawaiians, and Pacific Islander Americans than it does in
non- Hispanic whites.
 Researchers are working to identify additional gene
variants and to learn how they interact with one another and
with environmental factors to cause diabetes.

9.  Blurred vision
 Unusual thirst
 Frequent urination
 Slow-healing cuts
 Unexplained tiredness
 Rapid weight loss (Type 1 diabetes)
 Erectile dysfunction
 Numbness or tingling in hands or feet
Symptoms

10. 
 The diagnosis of diabetes is made by a simple blood
test measuring your blood glucose level. Usually these
tests are repeated on a subsequent day to confirm the
diagnosis.
 People with Type 2 diabetes may hear their condition
described as “mild,” but Type 2 diabetes is not a
“mild” medical condition. Both forms and all stages of
diabetes are serious, with many possible
complications, including eye, heart, kidney, and nerve
damage.
Diagnosis

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