Typhoid fever is a disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi, while paratyphoid fever is caused by Salmonella Paratyphi. They are both known as ‘enteric fevers’ and are common in some developing countries.

2.  Medicity Hospital is a top tier multispecialty hospital &
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Medicity Hospital

3.  Typhoid fever is a disease caused by the bacteria
Salmonella Typhi, while paratyphoid fever is caused by
Salmonella Paratyphi. They are both known as ‘enteric
fevers’ and are common in some developing countries.
 Typhoid and paratyphoid fever do not normally occur in
Australia but are infections usually acquired in countries
where they are endemic.
Typhoid

4.  The symptoms of typhoid and paratyphoid fever are similar
although paratyphoid tends to be less severe than typhoid.
Those infected can experience fever, headache, lack of
appetite and perhaps a dry cough.
 Some people may experience diarrhea but on the other hand
some may get constipation. Some cases, particularly those
with light skin, may develop pink spots on the trunk.
 A small number of people may develop severe
complications such as intestinal perforation, pneumonia,
meningitis or kidney failure.
 Typhoid and paratyphoid fever are diagnosed from a blood
or faeces (stool) specimen.
Symptoms

5.  Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. Persons with
typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and
intestinal tract.
 Spread of disease occurs when people consume food or
water that has been contaminated by the faeces of other
people carrying the disease. Raw fruits and vegetables, milk
and shellfish are the types of food most associated with the
illness.
 Typhoid fever is more common in areas of the world where
hand washing is less frequent and where water is likely to
be contaminated with sewage.
Spread

6.  People travelling in developing countries where typhoid is
common should be vaccinated prior to travel and;
 Avoid uncooked foods, including fruit unless it is able to be
peeled
 Avoid untreated water, including ice
 Drink beverages from sealed containers
 Wash their hands after going to the toilet and before eating
 Avoid eating from street stalls
 Ensure hot food is thoroughly cooked and eaten while hot.
Prevention

7.  Some people may require hospitalization and
treatment with antibiotics. Others who may not show
symptoms of typhoid but are carriers of the disease
will also require treatment with antibiotics.
 The chronic carrier state may be eradicated with 4
weeks of oral therapy with ciprofloxacin or
norfloxacin, antimicrobial agents that are highly
concentrated in bile.
Treatment

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