This document outlines Emanuel Troop's developmental approach to social work with groups. It discusses the key features of this approach, including recognizing individuals as resources that can develop and focusing on interpersonal relationships and social roles. The developmental approach sees people on a continuum from dysfunctional to fully functional and aims to help them realize their potential. It also outlines the three stages - beginning, middle, and ending - that groups progress through in this approach. The worker's role is to support the group's self-direction and goal achievement at each stage.

1. Developmental approach — Presentation Transcript needed gains.• The worker’s skillful guidance of the group
1. DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH Developmental social towards the desirable structure and processes relating to its
work has been apopular term in the country because of goal is considered crucial.5. The group members achieve
thethrust towards developmental socialwelfare. United Nation different individual gains in social growth within the context of
started to advocatestarting with the sixties- the first the group goal-achieving process.
U.NDevelopmental Decade. Emanuel Troop- offers such a 12. Troop describes as the 4 basic purposive processesa.
theorywhich seems very relevant to our setting-The Release of feeling-anger, fear, guilt and affection-that tend to
Developmental Approach. block effective social task performance if not unberdened ,
2. Developmental Approach Webster defines development as preferably in the presence of others who are in comparable
causing something to unfold, to grow, to change for the better, situation.b. Support-which means a receiving of acceptance
to be realized. It regards a certain entity as being endowed and affection through belonging a group recognition of self-
with certain potentials which society should discover and expression that is translated into achievement, which
maximize. This basic idea about development is inherent in encourages the tapping of further strengths, with a resultant
Emanuel Troop’s Developmental Approach to social work with gain in self- esteem
groups. 13. c. Reality orientation wherein through seeing others in
3. Developmental Approach People are not seen as being similar situations, seeing how others see oneself, each
sick or healthy, but on scale ranging from socially functional member can gain a clearer orientation to his own behavior
(adequate) to dysfunctional (inadequate) to en-functional (good among peersd. Self-appraisal which involves attaining from all
functioning) continually able to move up this scale in a life-long the foregoing a clearer perspective of one’s self and others,
new option for handling situations, increased ability to make
developmental process of self-realization. The practitioner
judgements, and a more responsible taking hold of one’s own
who tries to help people who are striving for self-realization is
life in relation to the reasons for being in the group.
concerned with tapping the vast unused potential that resides
14. 6. The group becomes the medium for the member’s
within all people and which is generally used only functionally-
actions, for the perception of each other’s action, an for the
in the spheres of physical, intellectual, aesthetic, and
worker’s perception of both. Troop points out the importance of
interpersonal development, of which the last is the direct
the worker’s and members relating only to commonly-
concern of social work.
perceived behavior, that is, any one person’s (including the
4. Two Essential Features Recognition of the human being
worker’s) reading of a message may be inaccurate unless it is
as the main resource to be utilized Interpersonal confirmed by at least a segment of the group7. The group goal-
relationships, more specifically social role performance, as the achieving process is carried out on the basis of open
focus concern. agreements, openly arrived at and openly pursued, resulting in
5. Three Major Themes characterizethe developmental a mutuality of understanding and effort between member and
approach1. Humanistic- a view of one human being by worker.
another, troop elaborates on this theme by describing how the 15. 8. The group is essentially self-directing, within varying
worker functions and relates with the group. The worker limits, and each member is self-directing in relation to what he
respects the group’s common purpose and integrity as a wants to give and to get from the group; there is no intention to
group, deals with the members for what they are and what they change anyone for it is seen as each member’s right to decide
do and respects the members for what they are and what they how to lead his life and to then benefit or suffer from the
do and respects the member to member helping phenomenon consequences.THE HELPING PROCESS IN THE
as key principle to their growth. DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH- Tropp describes events and
6. The worker is an enabler, and show belief in people’s worker activities during the work with developmental groups
ability to cope with their common task. The worker offers which evidence group development and the basic social work
herself with openness, authenticity, mutuality, humility, respect, helping process.
empathy, compassion, involvement, support, expectation and 16. Tropp present the three types of stages in the
assistance.2. Phenomenological-the main concern is what is Developmental Approach.1. Beginning Stage2. Middle Stage3.
happening at present, whether in the group or outside of it, or Ending Stage1. Beginning StageMembers a. Become oriented
both. The approach is reality-oriented, focusing on current to the new situation b. Understand reason(s) for group
group and individual behavior rather than on past personality membership and the work to be done. c. Experience some
diagnosis and interpretations of behavior. doubts or enthusiasm about membership.
7. 3. Developmental It sees people as being able to move 17. Worker 1. Clarifies purpose and structure of the group 2.
forward in a life-long process of self-actualization or fulfilment Establishes a contract with the group 3. Facilitates/supports
of potential in social functioning. The treatment orientation, task-selection 4. Supports initial efforts of the group 5.
the developmental approach sees people as people, all of Facilitates climate conducive to unity/cooperation.2. Middle
whom face difficult developmental stages, life situation, StageMembers: a. More open expression by members b.
challenges, stresses, and crises with which they must cope. Increasing understanding and acceptance of values of group
8. Characteristic of DevelopmentalApproach1. Specific kinds of experience by member
group experiences- are viewed as most effective in the 18. c. Roles and statuses evolve d. Group demonstrates
attainment of enhanced social functioning. The content of greater ability to plan and function e. Group shows greater
group experience, Called Program which emanates from the stability and cohesiveness f. Group is working towards goal
group’s function which Troop calls the functional modes, in achievementWorkers: 1. Guides group toward its defined goals
group practice are the following: a. Counseling- group to 2. Clarifies tasks completed and tasks still to be done 3.
discuss common life situations or common concern Provides continuing support to enable group to be self-
9. b. Activity group- to pursue a common interest c. Action directing 4. Helps group to work within time frame 5. Assesses
group- to effect some improvement in its social environment.2. gains in relation to goal achievement
Common goal groups-viewed as the kinds of experiences that 19. 3. Ending StageMembers: a. Show varying degrees of task
are most productive of enhanced social functioning. Goal is accomplishment b. Inventory gains from group experience c.
used in this theory not in the sense of ends that are expected Show varying levels of satisfaction from accomplishment d.
to be achieved upon the termination of the helping relationship, Show some concern/anxiety about ending group membership
but as a specific task agreed upon for a specific group session and being separated from members, worker and agency e.
or series of session (short term goal). Accept the reality of ending group experience
10. 3. The common goal- a may take the form of common 20. Workers: 1. Helps the group with task accomplishment 2.
concern or common interest or common life situation, each of Evaluates gains made from group experience 3. Makes
which results in a peer relationship among members. Except objective appraisal of any goals/tasks not accomplished 4.
for the family group in which the members do not have this Helps effect smooth ending of group membership 5. Helps the
distinctive peer quality because of its hierarchical structure, the group with post-termination plans as a self-help or mutual aid
approach may be applied to all other groups which has this group.
characteristic and meets other membership criteria the worker 21. TROPP-
deems necessary. 22. Thank you and Good Morning......
11. 4. The effectiveness of the group goal-achieving process is
the primary target for both the members and the worker. The
events and process occurring in the group as it pursues its
common goal should be given careful attention since on this
will depend the achievement of the members individually