I. The case work process involves 7 main stages: intake, study, diagnosis/assessment, treatment/intervention, evaluation, termination, and follow up.
II. During intake, basic identifying information about the client is collected including personal data, family background, and early family history. Referrals can come from agencies, institutions, family or self-referral.
III. The study stage involves acquiring knowledge about the client's problem through tools like interviewing, home visits, and collateral contacts to understand the nature and circumstances of the problem.
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles.pptxManasaGouri
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles
Introduction:
All human beings are part of the society and everyone in the society has different social role and duties.
While performing his role and duties, individual faces many problems in one or other form, which hinder his performance as a social being.
Casework is the oldest and the most developed method of solving individual’s problems and improving his social relations.
Meaning of Social Case Work
Social Case Work, a primary method of social work, is concerned with the adjustment and development of individual towards more satisfying human relations.
Better family life, improved schools, better housing, more hospitals and medical care facilities, protected economic conditions and better relations between religious groups help the individual in his adjustment and development.
But his adjustment and development depend on the use of these resources by him. Sometimes due to certain factors, internal or external, he fails to avail existing facilities.
In such situations, social caseworker helps him. Thus, social casework is one to one relationship, which works in helping the individual for his adjustment and development
This document contains the lecture notes on the elements/components of social casework based on the Helen Harris Perlman's five Ps in social casework. Person, Problem, Place, Process, Professional representative.
IMRAN AHMAD SAJID,
Peshawar
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles.pptxManasaGouri
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles
Introduction:
All human beings are part of the society and everyone in the society has different social role and duties.
While performing his role and duties, individual faces many problems in one or other form, which hinder his performance as a social being.
Casework is the oldest and the most developed method of solving individual’s problems and improving his social relations.
Meaning of Social Case Work
Social Case Work, a primary method of social work, is concerned with the adjustment and development of individual towards more satisfying human relations.
Better family life, improved schools, better housing, more hospitals and medical care facilities, protected economic conditions and better relations between religious groups help the individual in his adjustment and development.
But his adjustment and development depend on the use of these resources by him. Sometimes due to certain factors, internal or external, he fails to avail existing facilities.
In such situations, social caseworker helps him. Thus, social casework is one to one relationship, which works in helping the individual for his adjustment and development
This document contains the lecture notes on the elements/components of social casework based on the Helen Harris Perlman's five Ps in social casework. Person, Problem, Place, Process, Professional representative.
IMRAN AHMAD SAJID,
Peshawar
Content
Introduction
Brief History of the Casework Process
Process in Case Work:
Intake and psycho-social study,
Tools and Techniques in the beginning phase
Social Diagnosis (Assessment)
Intervention (Treatment)
Termination and follow up
Evaluation
Tasks of the Social Case Worker
Role of the Social Case Worker
References
SOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL .docxsamuel699872
SOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORK
HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS
Nunavik Counselling
and Social Work Training Program
Spring 2011
� Always take seriously the
problem experienced by
the clients.
� Be persuasive in pursuit
of service for the client.
� Work creatively with
them toward achieving
solutions.
Important reminder for social Important reminder for social
workerworker
solutions.
� Properly assess needs
and identify the request
for assistance from the
client.
� Applicants; a client request services of a social
worker to deal with internal or external problem
(teachers, nurses, doctors, employers, family
members)
� Referrals; client who did not apply for service.
Person who are referred vary in the extent to which
they perceive that referrals as a source of pressure or
simply as a source of potential assistance.
Involuntary clients; who respond to perceived
Potential clientsPotential clients
� Involuntary clients; who respond to perceived
requirements to seek help as a result of pressure
from other persons or legal sources.
Clients are facing a situation of
disequilibrium in which they can
potentially enhance their problem-solving
ability by developing new resources or
employing untapped resources in ways
that reduces tension and achieve mastery that reduces tension and achieve mastery
over problems.
� Clients are facing a
situation of
disequilibrium in
which they can
potentially enhance
their problem-
solving ability by
developing new developing new
resources or
employing untapped
resources in ways
that reduces tension
and achieve mastery
over problems.
Reflective activity 1 disequilibrium vs change =
transition
� Phase 1: Exploration, engagement,
assessment and planning.
� Phase 2: Implementation, achieve goal
and attainment goal.
Phase 3: Termination.
The helping process in social workThe helping process in social work
� Phase 3: Termination.
� The first phase lays
the groundwork for
subsequent
implementation of
interventions and
strategies aimed at
resolving client’s
problems and
Phase 1: Exploration, engagement, Phase 1: Exploration, engagement,
assessment and planningassessment and planning
problems and
promoting problem
solving skills.
Keys steps in helping Keys steps in helping
relationshiprelationship
� Exploring client’s problem by eliciting
comprehensive data about the person(s), the
problem, and environmental factors, including forces
influencing the referral for contact.
� Establishing rapport and enhancing motivation.� Establishing rapport and enhancing motivation.
� Formulating a multidimensional assessment of
the problem, identifying systems that play a
significant role in difficulties, and identifying relevant
resources that can be tapped or must be developed.
� Mutually.
READING CHAPTER TWO The Assessment Phase· Referral, screeni.docxaudeleypearl
READING
CHAPTER TWO The Assessment Phase
· Referral, screening, and assessment begin our work with HIV clients. We get a referral, then screen to see if there is a match between the referrals and the family service center. This includes a home visit and verification of HIV status. An assessment of the family follows. Its purpose is to identify needs.
—Caseworker, Bronx, NY
Assessment means appraisal or evaluation of a situation, the person(s) involved, or both. As the initial stage in helping, assessment generally focuses on identifying the problem and the resources needed to resolve it. Focusing on the people who are involved includes attention to client strengths that can be a valuable resource to encourage client participation and facilitate problem solving. The benefits of the strengths-based approach to assessment were discussed in Chapter One. As the opening example shows, data are gathered and assessed at this phase to show the applicant’s problem in relation to the agency’s priorities. Identifying possible actions and services and determining who will handle the case are also part of the assessment phase. In this example, a preliminary screening follows the referral. This chapter explores the assessment stage of the helping process: the initial contact with an applicant for assistance, the interview as a critical component in data gathering, and the case record documentation that is required during this phase. You can refer to Figure 2.1 to see the place assessment has in the helping process. The assessment phase concludes with the evaluation of the application for services. For each section of the chapter, you should be able to accomplish the following objectives.
Application for Service
· ■ List the ways in which potential clients learn about available services.
· ■ Compare the roles of the helper and the applicant in the interview process.
· ■ Define interview.
· ■ Distinguish between structured and unstructured interviews.
· ■ State the general guidelines for confidentiality.
· ■ Define the helper’s role in evaluating the application.
· ■ List the two questions that guide assessment of the collected information.
Case Assignment
· ■ Compare the three scenarios of case assignment.
Documentation and Report Writing
· ■ Distinguish between process recording and summary recording.
· ■ List the content areas of an intake summary.
· ■ State the reasons for case or staff notes.
Figure 2.1 The Helping Process
Application for Services
Potential clients or applicants learn about available services in a number of ways. Frequently, they apply for services only after trying other options. People having problems usually try informal help first; it is human nature to ask for help from family, friends, parents, and children. Some people even feel comfortable sharing their problems with strangers waiting in line with them or sitting beside them. A familiar physician or pastor might also be consulted on an informal basis. On the other hand, some ...
This is about social casework practices in social work. This Contains:
1. Nature and Definition of Social Casework.
2. Elements of social casework
3. General principles of social casework practice
4. Phases of social casework process
5. Process of Diagnosis
6. Types of interview
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. Case Work Process
I.INTAKE
Meaning:
• Intake means selecting a person (or)
• taking a person who is having problem (or)
• taking a person who is in distress (or)
• selecting an individual who is not able to cope with his
problem
4. Intake - Steps
1.Referral
2. Identification & Information about the client (Personal Data)
3. Family background and
4. Early family history.
5. A. REFERRAL
⚫ Referral means the process by which: a client is made
aware of another resource or service, and helped to make
contact with that resource to receive a needed service.
Types of Referral
1,The case or problem should be referred by somebody
[agency, institutions, family etc] (or)
2. Identified by the worker himself (or)
3. By the client himself to the worker or to an agency.
6. Stages of Referral
There are six stages; if any one stage is overlooked the referral may leads
to fail.
i) Clarification or statement of the problem or need for
Which, help is sough.
ii)Exploration of appropriate and available resources
iii). Discussion of options and selection of sources with
the client
iv) Planning and contact with the selected resources
i.e. initial contact, sending information, providing
transportation, client – resource (Agency)
meeting.
v) Meeting of client with resources.
vi) Follow up by the worker to see the goal is achieved.
7. B. IDENTIFICATION & INFORMATION
(Personal Data)
In order to identify the client‟s problem. (for e.g.
Alcoholism /absenteeism, etc) and the nature of problem,
the following data should be noted:
⚫ Personal Data like Name, Age, Sex, and all other
personal, physical features whether he/she is
handicapped, etc.
⚫ History of the problem: (period from – to - having the
problem),
⚫ Situation: Attitudeand socioeconomicconditions
8. C. FAMILY BACKGROUND
⚫Information related to:
⚫ Occupation, income, location of the residence (address) family
members, no. of children, relationship with others, inter personal
relationship attachment with parents, position of the client duties
and difficulties, treatment pattern in home etc.
D. EARLY FAMILYHISTORY
⚫Information related to :
⚫Family relationship, socioeconomic status of the family,
dislocation or disintegration of any (migration) sickness and
other difficulties of the client.
9. Case Work Process
Stage II. STUDY
Study means- acquiring knowledge through various means /
methods (books, senses, learning, discussions, observations, etc)
or careful thoughts to understand about the problem of the
clients
Tools used in the study process of case work
A.Interviewing with clients
B.Home visits,
C.Collateral contacts,
D.Relationship.
10. A.INTERVIEW – Meaning
i. Interview is a two way process to get information from the
client and also to provide information to the client.
.ii. In case work, interview refer to meeting of the case worker
and the client in a face to face conversation. It is a professional
activity on the part of caseworker.
12. B. HOME VISITS
According to Dictionary of social work (1987)
⚫In social case work, home visit is the act of going to clients
home in order to provide professional social services.
⚫Some social workers make home visits, because their clients
are handicapped or unable to come to the agency.
13. Importance of Home visits:
• Visiting the clients home helps to verify the facts collected from the clients with the
family member the neighbours and environment in which the client lives.
• Home visits is a valuable one as it can gives important data not only about the clients
physical environment but also the important areas of functioning of the clients at
home.
• Home visits helps to understand the circumstances at the home where he (client)
lives.
14. C. COLLATERAL CONTACT
⚫Collaterals are those, who, because of their special
association with the clients, in a position to furnish
information to the caseworker about the client or to help the
clients (in some way)
⚫The worker has to see that the clients gets possible
treatment for his problems and to this end, work closely
together with the “Collaterals” such as schools, hospitals,
employees, unions social agencies friends, etc.,
15. Case Work Process
Stage III. SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS
⚫It means fact finding . It is a guide to treatment.
⚫Diagnosis means “The process of identifying a
problem (social, mental, as well as medical) and its
underlying causes and formulating a solution
⚫In case work, Diagnosis means critical scrutinizing
of client, his situation, and his problem, which help
for the purpose of
of the difficulty with
is sought or needed?
understanding the nature
moredetail and accuracy.
17. DYNAMIC DIAGNOSIS
(FAMILY DIAGNOSIS)
This diagnosis
psychological,
seeks to establish what trouble is, what
physical and social factors contributing to (or
cause) it. What effect it has on the individual’s wellbeing (and
that of others). What solution is sought and what means exist
with in the client, his situation and resources by which the
problem may be solved (Helen Harris Perlman171).
18. ETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
⚫ Etiology means : The studyof causeorreasons.
⚫ This may be immediate cause or the beginnings and the life history of the
problem; usually the problem lies in the client’s personality makeup or
functioning (Helen Harris Perlman)
⚫ Thisdiagnosis helps tounderstand the natureof client’ssituation
⚫ Tounderstand thecauseof theclient’s problem from his situation.
⚫ Understanding as causes i.e. whether the current events or proceeding events
thatstill affects theclient.
19. CLASSIFICATORY DIAGNOSIS :
(CATEGORIZATION)
⚫Efforts should be made to classify various aspects of the events
functioning.
⚫E.g. problem can be classified as – Social, economic,
Psychological, etc.
⚫Social Class: includes caste, religion, health, education, housing,
etc.
⚫Economic Class: includes occupation, income, expenditure,
Indebtedness, etc.
⚫Psychological Class: adjustment – parent – child, husband &
wife, learning problem of children, adjustment with
environment, etc
20. Case Work Process
IV. INTERVENTION / TREATMENT
1. It is the fourthstage in the process of casework
2. It is a conscious interferenceof onceown (client’s) affairs.
3. In social work, the term Intervention is similar to the term
treatment.
21. OBJECTIVES OF TREATMENT
A)To change or to improve the person‟s situation /
environment. Either by supplying a social resources such as
financial and or change the environment.
B)To help a person to change his attitudes or behaviour with
in the social situation either by environmental manipulation
or change the environment or direct interviewing treatment
or
C) The combination of both
D)To change the client‟s comfort, satisfaction and self –
realization.
22. TYPES / APPROACHES / TECHNIQUES OF
TREATMENT
⚫Supportive Techniques (Indirect Influence) Or Indirect
Treatment Or Environmental manipulation.
⚫Reflective Techniques [Enhancing Resources orAdministration
of practical help or material help]
⚫Counselling Techniques (Direct Influence or Direct treatment.
23. • Supportive Techniques (Indirect Treatment or Environmental manipulation)
• Treatment directed towards bringing changes in the human environment.
i.e. changes in family member‟s – children‟s – their parent‟s – children‟s – school
atmosphere.
• It is a strategy to bring out a change in a client social functioning.
Reflective Techniques (Administration of practical help or material helps):
⚫ This is the oldest and best known of the case work types of treatment.
⚫ In the simplest form, the worker assist the client to choose and to use of social
resources afforded by the community
Counselling Techniques (Direct Treatment):
⚫ It mean “influence of mind up on mind”
⚫ Counselling is a process of helping the individual to know himself; and the
world.
24. Models of Treatment
i). Crisis intervention treatment model.
ii). Short-term treatment model.
iii). Hard – to reach treatment model.
25. i) Crisis model: (Problem solving during the state of crisis)
To facilitate the problem solving during the crisis state, the
following are to be followed
a) Clarification of the problem
b) Expansion & management of feelings.
c)Use of both interpersonal and institutional
resources.
26. ii). Short term model treatment:
⚫Short term treatment of interpersonal problems yield more
progress than long continued services.
⚫For planned short terms treatment the following points are to
be considered.
a). Clear identification of problem.
b). Partialisation of that problem
27. ⚫ .
iii). Hard – to – Reach – Treatment model
This model of treatment focus on problem identification,
participation and its goal of finding some immediate
rewards, enhance the limited motivations and capacities
that after characterize the clients who for whatever reasons,
is hard – to – reach or hard to engage in using agency help.
28. Case Work Process
V. EVALUATION
Meaning:
• Evaluation means, “to determine the worth of, to
find the amount or value of, to appraise”.
Evaluation is knowing about what is not known
and above what is worth knowing.
29. Case Work Process
VI. TERMINATION
⚫Termination is a process, which allots withdrawal of
commitment by the clients.
⚫Termination means the ending of contacts between a worker
and the clients.
30. REACTIONS TO TERMINATION
The defences and reactions of a client during termination may fall
with in five stages.
⚫Denial
⚫Anger
⚫Bargaining
⚫Depression
⚫Acceptance
31. ⚫Denial:
The client may ignore what worker is saying or avoid any
discussion of termination.
⚫Anger:
There may be out bursts or verbal or physical assaults.
⚫Bargaining:
The client tries to negotiate an extension of time.
⚫Depression:
The client manifests restlessness, little energy, withdrawal,
helplessness, despair, no motivation to go on.
⚫Acceptance:
With the acceptance of the termination there is an increase
in energy. The client is able to talk about the good and the
bad times and to think about the future.
32. DECISION TO TERMINATE
⚫Review his supervisors.
⚫Observing & talking with theclients.
⚫Talking with other knowledgeable sources about the
terminationof theclient.
33. Case Work Process
Stage VII. FOLLOW-UP
Follow-up can be Informal – through a telephone call letter
from the worker. Or formal – through a brief, mailed
questioner to the client. The nature and form of the follow up
should be made clear at the time of termination