There are three main phases of the social case work process: intake and psycho-social study, social diagnosis, and treatment and termination. The intake phase involves enrolling the client and assessing their needs and problems. During the psycho-social study phase, the worker gains an understanding of the client's problem and what help is needed. Social diagnosis involves assessing the problem based on past, present, and future factors to understand the causes. Treatment involves intervening based on the diagnosis, such as through counseling, environmental modifications, or providing practical services. The process ends with termination and evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment.
This document contains the lecture notes on the elements/components of social casework based on the Helen Harris Perlman's five Ps in social casework. Person, Problem, Place, Process, Professional representative.
IMRAN AHMAD SAJID,
Peshawar
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles.pptxManasaGouri
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles
Introduction:
All human beings are part of the society and everyone in the society has different social role and duties.
While performing his role and duties, individual faces many problems in one or other form, which hinder his performance as a social being.
Casework is the oldest and the most developed method of solving individual’s problems and improving his social relations.
Meaning of Social Case Work
Social Case Work, a primary method of social work, is concerned with the adjustment and development of individual towards more satisfying human relations.
Better family life, improved schools, better housing, more hospitals and medical care facilities, protected economic conditions and better relations between religious groups help the individual in his adjustment and development.
But his adjustment and development depend on the use of these resources by him. Sometimes due to certain factors, internal or external, he fails to avail existing facilities.
In such situations, social caseworker helps him. Thus, social casework is one to one relationship, which works in helping the individual for his adjustment and development
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK , BY ARSHIL PC ,DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK, CENTR...Arshu Pc
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK IS THE IMPORTANT PART OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK. IT ALSO EXPLAINS THE FEATURES AND THE ROLE OF A SOCIAL WORKER IN DIFFERENT MODELS.
The presentation dealt with the introduction, meaning, definition, purpose, values, assumptions and ethical principles of social casework.
Historical development of casework
Content
Introduction
Brief History of the Casework Process
Process in Case Work:
Intake and psycho-social study,
Tools and Techniques in the beginning phase
Social Diagnosis (Assessment)
Intervention (Treatment)
Termination and follow up
Evaluation
Tasks of the Social Case Worker
Role of the Social Case Worker
References
This document contains the lecture notes on the elements/components of social casework based on the Helen Harris Perlman's five Ps in social casework. Person, Problem, Place, Process, Professional representative.
IMRAN AHMAD SAJID,
Peshawar
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles.pptxManasaGouri
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles
Introduction:
All human beings are part of the society and everyone in the society has different social role and duties.
While performing his role and duties, individual faces many problems in one or other form, which hinder his performance as a social being.
Casework is the oldest and the most developed method of solving individual’s problems and improving his social relations.
Meaning of Social Case Work
Social Case Work, a primary method of social work, is concerned with the adjustment and development of individual towards more satisfying human relations.
Better family life, improved schools, better housing, more hospitals and medical care facilities, protected economic conditions and better relations between religious groups help the individual in his adjustment and development.
But his adjustment and development depend on the use of these resources by him. Sometimes due to certain factors, internal or external, he fails to avail existing facilities.
In such situations, social caseworker helps him. Thus, social casework is one to one relationship, which works in helping the individual for his adjustment and development
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK , BY ARSHIL PC ,DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK, CENTR...Arshu Pc
MODELS IN SOCIAL GROUP WORK IS THE IMPORTANT PART OF SOCIAL GROUP WORK. IT ALSO EXPLAINS THE FEATURES AND THE ROLE OF A SOCIAL WORKER IN DIFFERENT MODELS.
The presentation dealt with the introduction, meaning, definition, purpose, values, assumptions and ethical principles of social casework.
Historical development of casework
Content
Introduction
Brief History of the Casework Process
Process in Case Work:
Intake and psycho-social study,
Tools and Techniques in the beginning phase
Social Diagnosis (Assessment)
Intervention (Treatment)
Termination and follow up
Evaluation
Tasks of the Social Case Worker
Role of the Social Case Worker
References
SOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL .docxsamuel699872
SOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORK
HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS HELPING PROCESS
Nunavik Counselling
and Social Work Training Program
Spring 2011
� Always take seriously the
problem experienced by
the clients.
� Be persuasive in pursuit
of service for the client.
� Work creatively with
them toward achieving
solutions.
Important reminder for social Important reminder for social
workerworker
solutions.
� Properly assess needs
and identify the request
for assistance from the
client.
� Applicants; a client request services of a social
worker to deal with internal or external problem
(teachers, nurses, doctors, employers, family
members)
� Referrals; client who did not apply for service.
Person who are referred vary in the extent to which
they perceive that referrals as a source of pressure or
simply as a source of potential assistance.
Involuntary clients; who respond to perceived
Potential clientsPotential clients
� Involuntary clients; who respond to perceived
requirements to seek help as a result of pressure
from other persons or legal sources.
Clients are facing a situation of
disequilibrium in which they can
potentially enhance their problem-solving
ability by developing new resources or
employing untapped resources in ways
that reduces tension and achieve mastery that reduces tension and achieve mastery
over problems.
� Clients are facing a
situation of
disequilibrium in
which they can
potentially enhance
their problem-
solving ability by
developing new developing new
resources or
employing untapped
resources in ways
that reduces tension
and achieve mastery
over problems.
Reflective activity 1 disequilibrium vs change =
transition
� Phase 1: Exploration, engagement,
assessment and planning.
� Phase 2: Implementation, achieve goal
and attainment goal.
Phase 3: Termination.
The helping process in social workThe helping process in social work
� Phase 3: Termination.
� The first phase lays
the groundwork for
subsequent
implementation of
interventions and
strategies aimed at
resolving client’s
problems and
Phase 1: Exploration, engagement, Phase 1: Exploration, engagement,
assessment and planningassessment and planning
problems and
promoting problem
solving skills.
Keys steps in helping Keys steps in helping
relationshiprelationship
� Exploring client’s problem by eliciting
comprehensive data about the person(s), the
problem, and environmental factors, including forces
influencing the referral for contact.
� Establishing rapport and enhancing motivation.� Establishing rapport and enhancing motivation.
� Formulating a multidimensional assessment of
the problem, identifying systems that play a
significant role in difficulties, and identifying relevant
resources that can be tapped or must be developed.
� Mutually.
This is about social casework practices in social work. This Contains:
1. Nature and Definition of Social Casework.
2. Elements of social casework
3. General principles of social casework practice
4. Phases of social casework process
5. Process of Diagnosis
6. Types of interview
Protect the rights of the client when delivering services
Use effective problem solving techniques when exposed to competing value systems
Ensure services are available to all clients regardless of personal values, beliefs, attitudes and culture
Recognise potential ethical issues and ethical dilemmas in the workplace and discuss with an appropriate person
Recognise unethical conduct and report to an appropriate person
Work within boundaries and constraints applicable to work role
Demonstrate effective application of guidelines and legal requirements relating to disclosure and confidentiality
Demonstrate awareness of own personal values and attitudes and take into account to ensure non-judgmental practice
Recognise, avoid and/or address any conflict of interest
Summary
Additional resources
Generalist Practice A Presentation on Steps of The Problem-SolvMatthewTennant613
Generalist Practice: A Presentation on Steps of The Problem-Solving Process
Name:
Date: May 5th, 2021
Pamela Easter !!!
1
Problem Identification or Engagement
Identify the type of problem – drug addiction and its effects on Family members.(Janice Walker is at the center of problem)
Identify how the problem has affected the rest of the community- substance abuse effects cost in the community in measurable ways including loss of productivity and unemployability; impairment in physical and mental health; reduced quality of life; increase violence; and Crime; abuse and neglect of children.
The community's general perception of the problem- the economic consequences of drug abuse severely burden federal , State, and local government resources, and the taxpayer.
The root cause of the problem- most often the cause of addiction is chronic stress, a history of trauma (PTSD), mental illness, lastly family history with addiction
Problem Identification/Engagement. The first step is to identify the type of problem the researcher is dealing with. Identify how the problem has affected the rest of the community and the community's general perception of the problem. The next step is to evaluate how the problem has affected the community or a client. Lastly, identify the root cause of the problem; where did the problem come from, or how did the victim get the problem they are facing.
2
Data Collection
Three major ways of collecting data from Clients are Interviews, Observation, and surveys
Interviews:
Engaging with the client one-on-one. Listening to client’s perspective of the problem
This method has ability to untangle the individual's problem, emotions, background, and the general social context, The Advocate can get the client's perception of the treatment
Observation:
It obtains data from clients by assessing the reaction to their respective environments
The researcher can identify factors contributing to the Client's condition
Data collection. There are many ways to collect data from a client. Three major ways of collecting data from a client are Interviews, Observation, and First Extraction.
Interviews: The researcher can speak with the patient on a one-on-one basis. A researcher or a nurse can use this method because of its ability to untangle the individual's problem, emotions, background, and the general social context, which in this paper largely revolves around the family relationship (Cohen et al., 2017). This data collection method paves the way for a nurse to get the patient's perception of the treatment and some of the elements that motivated them to embrace treatment.
Observation: it is used to obtain data from clients by assessing the reaction to their respective environments. Observation methods allow the researcher to identify social dimensions and family background factors contributing to the patient's condition.
3
Data Collection cont’d
Surveys : Can discover the problem
Clients Family History background details o ...
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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1. PHASES OF SOCIAL
CASE WORK
THERE ARE THERE PHASES OF SOCIAL CASE WORK PROCESS :
INTAKE AND PSYCHO-SOCIAL STUDY
SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT AND TERMINATION
2. INTAKE
• Intake is an administrative procedure and not a process of social case work to
take in the person with problem for example admit him or enrol him as a client of
the agency. After this phase the case worker is able to asses the needs and
problems of applicant person and how and where his needs can be best met.
3. PSYCHO-SOCIAL STUDY
• Social investigation is a psycho-social process. It is the initial phase in which the
worker gains his first understanding of the kind of help his clients needs. The
worker must understand what the client sees his problem as, what he think can
be cone about it, what he himself/herself tried to do about it, and what are the
reasons the client has identified for his present difficulty.
4. Content of social investigation
• Perlman has given the following contents of the case work study in the beginning
phase:
1. The nature of the problem
2. The significance of this problem
3. The causes of the problem.
4. The efforts made to cope with problem solving
5. The nature of the solutions or ends sought from the case work agency.
6. The actual nature of the agency and its problem solving means in relation the
client and his problems.
5. Method
• Perlman has suggested four methods for operating in the beginning phase:-
1. Relating to the client
2. Helping the client to talk about his troubles
3. Focusing and partializing
4. Helping the client to engage with the agency
6. Tools and techniques in the beginning phase
1. Interview
2. Objective observation
3. Examination of records and documents
4. Collection of information for collateral and family sources
5. Special examination of test
7. SOCIAL DIAGNOSIS (ASSESSMENT)
On the basis of the study of the problem in its past, present and future setting and
the clients positive and negative reactions and interactions, the internal pressure
and environmental factors the case worker asses or diagnose the clients
problematic situation. Diagnosis is an explanation formulated in the light of known
fact.
Content of the social diagnosis
8. Content Of diagnosis
• Content falls in triangular pattern, which consists of
1. The nature of the problem brought and the goals set by the client, in their
relationship to;
2. The nature of the person who bears the problem (his social and psychological
situation and functioning) and who seek (or needs) help with his problem, in relation
to;
3. The nature and purpose of the agency and the kind of help it can offer and/or
make available
9. Types of diagnosis
• Perlman has described three types of diagnosis that is carried on in social case
work process.
Dynamic Diagnostic;
Clinical diagnosis;
Etiological diagnosis
10. Dynamic diagnosis
• Gives on understanding of the current problem of the client and forces currently
operating within the client, within social environment and between him/his
environment. It is a cross sectional view of the forces currently operating in the clients
problem. The dynamic diagnosis seeks to establish what the trouble is, what role
psychological, biological, social and environmental factors are playing in the
causation of the problems, what effect it has on the individuals well being. What
solution is sought and what means exist within the client his situation and the
organised services and resources by which the problem may be affected. In dynamic
diagnosis there is no attempt to dig the life history of the problem, rather reasons for
the problem are traced in the current situation.
11. Clinical diagnosis
• Under clinical diagnosis, the case worker attempts to classify the client by the
nature of his problem. He identifies certain forms and qualities of clients
personality maladaptation and mal functioning in his behaviour.
12. Etiological diagnosis
• Etiological diagnosis is concerned with the explanation of the beginning of the life
history of problems of the client, basically that problem that lies in the clients
personality make up or functioning . The history of his development or a problem
encountering, problem solving human being may provide the case worker with an
understanding of what his clients suffers from and what the extent of his coping
ability is likely to be.
13. Steps in diagnosis
• The following steps are taken while diagnosing a problem :-
1. The worker begins with focusing on problematic behaviours. He investigate both functional
and dysfunctional behaviours in his social milieu. He clarifies various complaints and problems
in terms of excesses and deficits. He evaluates the client’s personal strengths and his
surrounding environment.
2. He targets the specified behaviour and break down complex behaviour into their component
parts.
3. Baseline data are collected to specify those events that appear to be currently controlling the
problematic behaviours.
4. An analysis and interpretation is done from collected information and objectives for
intervention established.
5. Selecting priorities for intervention is the final step of the diagnosis.
14. INTERVENTION (TREATMENT)
• Intervention or treatment is the next step and it’s based on the study and
diagnosis which indicates whether the problem is the result of personal or
environmental factors and whether the remedy lies in the form of material or
psychological assistance. The course of action undertaken by case worker after
studying and understanding the problem has been described as treatment.
15. Objectives of social case work treatment
1. To prevent social breakdown;
2. To conserve clients strength;
3. To restore social functioning;
4. To provide happy experiences to the client;
5. To create opportunities for growth and development;
6. To compensate psychological damage;
7. To increase capacity for self direction;
8. To increase his social contribution.
16. Social case work treatment process
• (1) Initial phase
• (2) Motivation and role induction
• (3) Primary contract
• (4) Diagnosis and assessment
• (5) Establishing treatment goals
• (6) Developing treatment plan
• (7) Preparation for actual treatment
• (8) Treatment in practice
• (9) Monitoring and evaluating the effects of treatment and
• (10) Planning of follow up termination of therapeutic relationship
17. Application of intervention methods
• In order to active goals set by the worker, conventionally the following methods of
social intervention have been mentioned
(1) Direct Method
(2) Environment Modification
(3) Administration of Practical Service
18. i. Direct Method
• Direct method of intervention is used to promote specific behaviour on the part of
the client. According to Perlman it is a systematic intervention through which
client can work over his problems and possible solutions. Here, the case worker
applies his influence directly on the client. The techniques of direct intervention
used where the clients needs direction because of his/her ignorance, anxiety and
weakness of his/her strength. Direct intervention is given through counselling,
therapeutic interviewing, clarification and interpretation, leading to an insight.
Supportive intervention is provided through guidance, externalization of interests,
re-assurance, suggestion, persuasion and advice.
19. a). Counselling
• It is direct intervention towards the solution of a problem in which a person find
that he cannot solve the problem himself, therefore seeks the help if a skilled
person whose knowledge, experience and expertise could be used to solve the
problem. It is a psychological technique in which information and clarification are
used for making the client aware of the problem.
20. b). Therapeutic interviewing
• Therapeutic interview is used where intra-psychic conflict is present in the
environment. The purpose of such interview is that of psychotherapy which aims
at personality, competence and self actualizations. For the analysis of the
unconscious, social case worker applies the techniques of free association,
dream interpretation, analysis of resistance and transference. For behaviour
modification, social case worker makes use of the techniques of positive
enforcement, negative enforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment,
systematic desensitization and covert desensitization.
21. c). Clarification
• It is the process through which clarification about the client himself, his
environment and the public with whom he is associated is made. Clarification may
consist of information given to the client so that he becomes capable of
understanding himself, his environment and his social network, which he does not
posses and without which he cannot see clearly what step he ought to take.
22. d). Psychological support
• Psychological support is useful is decreasing tension and guilt, increasing self
confidence, encouraging healthy functioning that maintains the clients equilibrium
and in helping him to build up compensatory strength and satisfaction. The case
worker accepts him and his feeling and shows keep interest in him. He clarifies
the problem and encourages him to take his own decision- The social case
worker helps him to strengthen clients’ ego through the techniques of guidance,
reassurance, persuasion and psychological support.
23. ii. Environmental Modification
• Means to bring change in the social as well as physical conditions of the client so
that he may be relieved from excessive stresses and strains. The case worker
suggest positive steps to client to cope better with his problems. He plans with
him emotional, professional and recreational activities. He gives appropriate
advice to member of his environment and modifies their attitude favorably.
24. iii. Administration Of Practical Service
• According to Hamilton administration of practical service is the oldest and best
known case work method of intervention. Porter Lee was the first social worker
who emphasized and classified such resource. Administration of practical
services means to help the client in such a way that he could select and use the
resources available in the community in this process social case worker helps the
client for adequate knowledge of available resource through the techniques of
discussion information classification and direction.
25. TERMINATION AND FOLLOW UP
• Here termination means ending the process of social case work intervention
process. The termination process in decided mutually by client and worker.
Termination is the stage when the worker has the confidence in the client ability to
cope with the present and future situation.
26. EVALUATION
• In social case work evaluation is the process in which worker tries to find out the
effectiveness and success of the process. It is an activity which shows whether
the social case work process has active the desired goals or not. Social case
worker evaluates the connect of the program and it effectiveness inner strength
gained by the client and the success of himself in helping the client.