This document provides an overview of the development of dental and periodontal tissues. It discusses how neural crest cells give rise to dental tissues like cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Tooth development progresses from the bud stage to the bell stage to root formation directed by Hertwig's epithelial root sheath. Cementum develops through cellular cementoblasts on the root surface. The periodontal ligament develops from the dental follicle with fibers inserting into cementum and bone. Alveolar bone forms during root development through osteoblasts. The gingiva develops from the oral epithelium and underlying connective tissue, with the gingival sulcus forming as teeth erupt. Epithelial and
Definitions
History
Development of junctional epithelium
Structure
Dynamic aspects of junctional epithelium
Expression of various molecules and their functions
Permeability
Functions
Role of JE in gingivitis
Role of JE in initiation of pocket formation
Passive Eruption
Effect of Trauma from Occlusion on JE
Junctional Epithelium Adjacent to Oral Implants
Syndromes Affecting JE
Regeneration of junctional epithelium
Conclusion
References
Definitions
History
Development of junctional epithelium
Structure
Dynamic aspects of junctional epithelium
Expression of various molecules and their functions
Permeability
Functions
Role of JE in gingivitis
Role of JE in initiation of pocket formation
Passive Eruption
Effect of Trauma from Occlusion on JE
Junctional Epithelium Adjacent to Oral Implants
Syndromes Affecting JE
Regeneration of junctional epithelium
Conclusion
References
Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a nonmotile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic, pathogenic bacterium. It forms black colonies on blood agar.
It is found in the oral cavity, where it is implicated in certain forms of periodontal disease, as well as in the upper gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, and the colon. It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis. Collagen degradation observed in chronic periodontal disease results in part from the collagenase enzymes of this species. It has been shown in an in vitro study that P. gingivalis can invade human gingival fibroblasts and can survive in them in the presence of considerable concentrations of antibiotics.P. gingivalis also invades gingival epithelial cells in high numbers, in which cases both bacteria and epithelial cells survive for extended periods of time. High levels of specific antibodies can be detected in patients harboring P. gingivalis. Dr Harshavardhan Patwal , explains the various enzymes enzyme peptidyl-arginine deiminase, which is involved in citrullination.[4] Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased incidence of periodontal disease, and antibodies against the bacterium are significantly more common in these patients.
P. gingivalis is divided into K-serotypes based upon capsular antigenicity of the various types.
Role of genetics in periodontal diseasesAnushri Gupta
Terminologies in Genetics
Genetic study design
genetic syndrome and disease associated with periodontal diseases, heretibility of periodontal disease, gene library, gene therapy
The Gram-negative A. actinomycetemcomitans is assumed to be the primary etiologic agent of LAgP and has also been implicated in chronic periodontitis and severe non-oral infections.
Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a nonmotile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic, pathogenic bacterium. It forms black colonies on blood agar.
It is found in the oral cavity, where it is implicated in certain forms of periodontal disease, as well as in the upper gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, and the colon. It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis. Collagen degradation observed in chronic periodontal disease results in part from the collagenase enzymes of this species. It has been shown in an in vitro study that P. gingivalis can invade human gingival fibroblasts and can survive in them in the presence of considerable concentrations of antibiotics.P. gingivalis also invades gingival epithelial cells in high numbers, in which cases both bacteria and epithelial cells survive for extended periods of time. High levels of specific antibodies can be detected in patients harboring P. gingivalis. Dr Harshavardhan Patwal , explains the various enzymes enzyme peptidyl-arginine deiminase, which is involved in citrullination.[4] Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased incidence of periodontal disease, and antibodies against the bacterium are significantly more common in these patients.
P. gingivalis is divided into K-serotypes based upon capsular antigenicity of the various types.
Role of genetics in periodontal diseasesAnushri Gupta
Terminologies in Genetics
Genetic study design
genetic syndrome and disease associated with periodontal diseases, heretibility of periodontal disease, gene library, gene therapy
The Gram-negative A. actinomycetemcomitans is assumed to be the primary etiologic agent of LAgP and has also been implicated in chronic periodontitis and severe non-oral infections.
• TOOTH DEVELOPMENT (EMBRYOLOGY)
• . The initiation of tooth development-6th week of IUL
• . The oral stratified squamous epithelium covers the primordia of the future maxillary and mandibular processes in a horseshoe-shaped pattern.
• . Tooth development starts when stratified squamous epithelium begins to thicken and forms the dental lamina.
• . The stratified squamous oral epithelium covers an embryonic connective tissue that is called the ectomesenchyme because of its derivation from the neural crest cells. condensed area of ectomesenchyme forms the future dental papilla and subsequently the pulp.
• . BUD STAGE (FORMATION OF ENAMEL ORGAN)
• . CAP STAGE (OUTER AND INNER ENAMEL EPITHELIUM)
• The convex surface consists of the cuboidal epithelial cells and is called the outer enamel epithelium. The concave surface, called the inner enamel epithelium, consists of elongated epithelial cells with polarized nuclei that later differentiate into ameloblasts.
• . The inner and the outer enamel epithelium, the cells begin to separate due to the deposition of intercellular mucoid fluid rich in glycogen that forms a branch reticular arrangement called the stellate reticulum.
• . The ectomesenchyme surrounding the dental papilla and the enamel organ condenses and becomes more fibrous, it is called the dental follicle or the dental sac—the precursor of the cementum, the periodontal ligament (PDL), and the alveolar bone.
• . BELL STAGE (CERVICAL LOOP)
• . The junction of the outer and the inner enamel epithelium at the rim of the enamel organ becomes a distinct zone called the cervical loop.
• . The buds of the permanent molars, which have no primary predecessors.
• . The squamous cells between the stellate reticulum and the inner enamel epithelium form the stratum intermedium.
• . Stratum intermedium → Enamel
• Ectomesenchyme → Dentin
• Dental papilla → Pulp
• Dental follicle or dental sac → Cementum, the periodontal ligament(PDL), and the alveolar bone.
• Primary dentin is formed in increments of 4–8 μm per day and is continually deposited until the end of tooth development.
• . large-diameter collagen fibers known as von Korff fibers are deposited at right angles to the basement membrane in the extracellular matrix of the acellular zone. This process creates the organic matrixof the first-formed dentin or mantle dentin.
• The organic matrix or predentin is deposited around the odontoblastic processes. The predentin later calcifies and thereby forms the dentinal tubules.
• Primary dentin differs from the mantle dentin in which the matrix originates solely(only) in the odontoblasts.
• The mineralization of primary dentin originates from the previous mineralized dentin.
PERITUBULAR DENTIN
As the incremental deposition of dentin continues toward the center of the pulp, the diameter of the odontoblastic processes is reduced peripherally.
more mineralized and it is harder than primary dentin, is called peritubular dentin.70% inorganic material
• Dentin consist
A Brief Description about the development of teeth. Understanding the process of tooth development is of particular importance for the dentist; as developmental disturbances may occur at any stage of this process resulting in different types of tooth anomalies.
Tooth development can be classified either based on morphology or histology
Morphological stages:
Bud stage
Cap stage
Bell stage:
* Early
* Advanced
Physiological stages:
Initiation
Proliferation
Histodifferentiation
Morphodifferentiation
Apposition
For first year dental student, i got this from the internet.. Hope this can help u guys understand more about the tooth development.. Btw, good luck for minitest OB tomorrow.. No sacrifice, no victory!
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4. Dr. Guru Ram Tej. K (P.G.)
Dept. of Periodontics & Implantology
Mamata Dental College
5. CONTENTS
Overview of tooth development.
Neural crest development.
Development of cementum.
Development of periodontal ligament.
Development of alveolar bone.
Development of gingiva.
Conclusion
References
6. DEVELOPMENT
Development is the progressive
evolution of a tissue and usually refers to an
increase in its complexity and specialization
Complex biologic processes
Epithelial mesenchymal interactions
Morphogenesis
Mineralization
7. Neural crest development
Dental structures (dentin and cementum,) and their
supporting tissues (periodontal ligament and alveolar
bone) are produced by cells originating in the neural
crest. Enamel from the ectodermal cells.
By about 8 days
By 27th day
During the first 3 weeks
By the third week
8. Neural crest development
During the next few weeks, the ectoderm thickens and
forms raised margins- neural folds
The neural tube
Neural crest cells
9. Primary epithelial band
After 37 days
Continuous band of thickened epithelium
PEB
Dental lamina Vestibular lamina
10. Dental lamina
During the 6th week of
embryogenesis, tooth
development begins with a
thickening of the oral
epithelium lining the future
dental arches to form the
dental lamina
Fate
Vestibular lamina
11. Tooth Development
Although tooth development
is a continuous process, the developmental
history includes several morphologic stages
including the
GROWTH
CALCIFICATION
ERUPTION
ATTRITION
12.
13. Bud stage
The bud stage of tooth
development is the stage
at which portions of the
epithelium in the dental
lamina first begin to
aggregate and form an
invagination underlying
connective tissue.
At 8th week
14. Cap stage
Proliferate forming a
parabolic- cap like structure
9th -10th week.
Ectomesenchymal cells begin
to proliferate under the dental
papilla (ultimately give rise to
the dentin and dental pulp)
15. Bell stage.
Bell-shaped appearance at 12th week.
The outer enamel epithelium
The inner enamel epithelium
The stratum intermedium
The stellate reticulum
16. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
Separates the cells comprising the dental
papilla and dental follicle.
Cells of the inner enamel epithelium induce
adjacent cells in the dental papilla to
differentiate into odontoblasts and
subsequently deposit the root dentin.
19. Development of cementum
Development
cells at site of development
Disruption of HERS
Cell-cell: Cell-matrix interactions:
growth factors/ cytokines
Reorganization of cells
Migration/attachment/orientation
Proliferation factors
Progenitor Cells
Differentiation factors
Cementum
20. Initial cementum formation
The first increment of
cementum forms
against the root
dentin surface.
Epithelial cell rests of
Malassez (remnants
of the rootsheath)
can be seen within
the follicular tissue.
21. Cementum Forming Cells
The cells responsible for cementum
formation may be
Cementoblasts,
Cementocytes, or
Fibroblasts -located within the periodontal
ligament- origin in the dental follicle.
25. Intermediate Plexus
Fiber insertion occurs along the lining of
the bony socket wall.
Root surface-derived and bone-derived
fibers ultimately coalesce in the middle
third of the ligament space to form the
intermediate plexus.
26. Schematic representation of the
sequential organization of the
periodontal ligament fibers in
developing marmoset teeth. G,free
gingival fibers; A, alveolar crest fibers;
H, horizontal fibers;0, oblique fibers.
(From: Levy BM, Bernick )
28. The alveolar bone
Formed during root
development
OSTEOBLASTS
Development is independent of
other portions of the alveolar
process
29. Succedaneous tooth germs are located within the same
osseous cavity as their deciduous precursors
During the eruption of a succedaneous tooth: resorption
of
the walls of the bony crypt,
the roots of the superficial primary tooth,
and the alveolar bone housing the primary tooth.
With the loss of the primary tooth
With the emergence of succedaneous teeth
complete deposition of new alveolar bone
significant remodeling of the whole alveolar process
30. Development of Gingiva
Composed of a superficial epithelium of
ectodermal origin and an underlying connective
tissue of mesodermal origin. (Listgarten 1972;
Mackenzie 1988).
32. Formation of Gingival Sulcus
Begins to form as the
tooth erupts,
A separation occurs
between the attached
epithelium and the tooth
surface.
Epithelial cells derived
from stratum intermedium
also begin to form into
cells with the appearance
of junctional epithelium.
33. Modalities of tooth-tissue
interface
Gingival tissues (both epithelial and
connective tissue) associate with the tooth
via separate mechanisms.
Epithelial tissues
via an epithelial attachment called the
junctional epithelium
in health, is usually located at, or coronal to,
the CEJ
Gingival tissues
attach to the root surface at or below the CE]
via fiber insertion into the cementum of the root
source.
36. Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Tissue
Interactions in Maintaining Tissue Phenotype
Junctional epithelium is initially derived from the
reduced enamel epithelium,
Gingival epithelium originates from the ectodermal
tissues covering the maxillary and mandibular
arches.
Two tissues considered to have
distinct origins, phenotypes, and function.
37. Controlling Influence Of Connective
Tissue Substrate On Epithelial
Phenotype
Connective tissues are considered to play in
important role in regulating the adjacent
epithelial phenotype.
If components of palatal and buccal mucosa
are cross-grafted, the pattern of epithelial
differentiation is controlled by the underlying
connective tissue (Ten Cate 1994).
38. The connective tissue of the gingival tissues
does permit epithelial growth and proliferation
Periodontal ligament connective tissue
suggested to be non permissive for epithelial
growth and differentiation (Mackenzie 1988,
1990).
explains the inability of junctional epithelium to extend
apically beyond its periodontal connective tissue interface
with the tooth,
39. Conclusion
Knowledge about the development of these
tissues is important since it will help us understand
better the mechanisms required for inducing repair
and regeneration of damaged tissues.
40. References
Carranza, Newman, Takei, Klokkevold:
carranza’s clinical periodontology, 10th Ed. Pg-
53, Elsevier
Inderbir Singh: Human embryology: 6th Ed.
A R Tencate. Oral Histology- Development,
structure and function. 3rd Ed.
Connective tissues of the periodontium:
periodontology 2000; Vol 24: 2000
Regeneration of periodontal tissues:
cementogenesis revisited: periodontol 2000.
2006;41:196-217
Mark Bartold, Sampath Narayanan: Biology
of periodontal tissues: pg 151-161
succedaneous tooth moves into the vacated area,new alveolar bone deposited around the erupting succedaneous tooth
The role of underlying connective tissue in maintaining these phenotypes is important.
JE can reappear despite its complete excision during periodontal surgery indicates that factors other than a tissue's embryonal genesis are important for its appearance
relative lack of proliferation of the epithelial cell rests of Mallassez.