The document discusses developing assessment instruments. It describes criterion-referenced assessments which directly measure skills based on performance objectives. There are four types of criterion-referenced tests: entry skills tests, pretests, practice tests, and posttests. When developing tests, considerations include matching learning domains to items and determining mastery levels. Effective test items use goal-centered, learner-centered, context-centered, and assessment-centered criteria. Alternative assessment instruments also require identifying elements to evaluate, sequencing elements, selecting response formats, and determining scoring.