The document discusses the devaluation of the Indian rupee over time. It provides details on what causes devaluation, its effects, and specific instances of rupee devaluation in 1966 and 1991. In 1966, factors like the India-Pakistan war, withdrawal of foreign aid, and a large budget deficit led to devaluation. In 1991, a high trade deficit, current account deficit, inflation, and depleting foreign reserves necessitated another major devaluation. The rupee has fluctuated over the decades since 1966, driven by various economic and geopolitical events both domestic and international.

1. IIPM (SS 11-13)
DEVALUATION OF A
RUPEE
Presented by:
Umesh Gemnani
Pawan Chhatani
Nikita Mirani
Kavita Makhija

2. What is Devaluation?
“one country's currency is reduced in value in comparison
to other currencies”

3. NEEDS FOR DEVALUATION

4. Effects of Devaluation
An import reduces Improve trade balance Reduce the smuggling
Local output increase
Employment improves
Expansion of industries
Production increases
Govt tax improves
Increment in
foreign
investment
Profit
improves
Price fall
Export increases
Positive bal of payments
Rise in Govt exp
Consumption
increase
RO
I
Per capita income
increase
High standard
of living
Economic stabilization

5. THE 1966 DEVALUATION
The first was India's war with Pakistan in late 1965.
The US and other countries friendly towards pakistan withdrew
foreign aid to India.
Budget deficit due to defense spending in 1965/1966 was
24.06% of total expenditure.
Current account deficit of over 290 crore due to second five
year plan
Inflation has caused Indian prices to become much higher than
world prices
Money supply increase
Depleting foreign reserves

6. THE 1991 DEVALUATION
The trade deficit in 1990 US $9.44 billion.
The current account deficit was US $9.7 billion.
The gulf war to higher imports due to the rise in oil prices.
Cost pull inflation.
Political and economical instability.
Depleting foreign exchange reserves.
Gold is pledged to IMF by preceding government.
IIPM (SS 11-13)

7. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
196619801991199119971998200220072009201120122013
Series 1
Series 1

8. JOURNEY OF RUPEE FROM 5 to 60
• June 4,1966: First Major Devaluation
• 1980 Inflation: From 1966 to 1980, rupee
stayed constant
• 1991 crisis. In July 1991, we hit another major
crisis
• 1993 liberalization. In 1993, Indian finance
minister Dr. Manmohan Singh let rupee to float
a little freely.
• 1997 Asian Financial Crisis

9. Continue..
• Pokhran II 1998
• Goodtimes 2000-07
• Financial Crisis of 2007-08
• European Sovereing Debt Crisis
IIPM (SS 11-13)

10. Measures taken by RBI and government of
India
• FDI in telecom increase from 74% upto 100%
• FDI in insurance from 26% to 49%
• FDI in defence upto 49%
• Forwards contract cannot be rebooked once
cancelled.
• Restriction on oil marketing companies on
forward contracts.
IIPM (SS 11-13)