A deficit in India's trade balance and lower foreign investment inflows put downward pressure on the Indian rupee in 2014-2015. A Chinese devaluation of the yuan further weakened the rupee by making Chinese exports more competitive. Additionally, fears over slower Indian economic growth and declines in foreign institutional investment out of Indian markets exacerbated pressure on the currency. Offloading of Indian assets by foreign investors increased demand for U.S. dollars and contributed to the rupee's decline.
This presentation explains the reasons for the fall in the value of Indian Rupee, the cause and effect. Also what the government must do to curb the fall is included.
This presentation explains the reasons for the fall in the value of Indian Rupee, the cause and effect. Also what the government must do to curb the fall is included.
Rupee depreciation is a major issue in the current scenario. After the global economic crisis in 2008-2009, the Dollar has recovered due to measures taken by the US government. Unemployment, lack of projects, inflation, bulk imports and poor exports etc have led to the fall of rupee tremendously. The faulty government policies, and the political and economic instability have led to a decline in the economy of India.
Rupee depreciation is a major issue in the current scenario. After the global economic crisis in 2008-2009, the Dollar has recovered due to measures taken by the US government. Unemployment, lack of projects, inflation, bulk imports and poor exports etc have led to the fall of rupee tremendously. The faulty government policies, and the political and economic instability have led to a decline in the economy of India.
Reducing Rupee - The Great DepreciationKushalShah165
In this article I’ve laid out the timeline and a few top indicators responsible for it and described it in it’s simplest forms for everyone to understand.
Hope you enjoy the read.
This presentation is about the Indian Economy and the strength of USD against INR. This slideshow presents the causes and the solutions of gaining more strenght.
The Indian Rupee stayed in a fairly tight range during the month of September as a number of factors worked in its favour to keep the RBI busy in preventing a runaway appreciation of the currency. Touching 72.85 briefly on 1st September after the shock withdrawal of RBI support for the USD at 74.80 levels through July and August the dollar received support for
the month of September as the RBI continued to add to its foreign exchange reserves
China's Turbulent Economy, Summer of 2015MyValueTrade
The stock market crash in Shanghai this summer and the unexpected devaluation of the Chinese yuan, shows how difficult it will be for policymakers to steer China's economy out of the biggest slowdown in decades.
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If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
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how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
2. Its a gradual decline in the value of a country currency with
respect to another country currency
3.
4. TRADE BALANCE
IMPORT>EXPORT=DEFICIT strengthen $
EXPORT>IMPORT=SURPLUS strengthen INR
INDIA U.S.
EXPORT $6000
IMPORT $10000
due to deficit in trade the reserve of foreign currency
going to decrease . Which directly causes the demand of
$4000 AND we need huge amount of foreign currency.
A shift in the trade balance between two countries tends
to weaken the currency of the country with greater
deficit.
5. WEALTH
Wealth is a country‘s reserves, in the form of gold, cash, foreign reserve
natural resources. Basically any factor that affects a country's ability to
repay loans finance imports, and affect investments impacts the
market's perception of its currency and the currency's value.
Less
Gold, cash,
Foreign reserve
Currency
source
U.S.
payment
$
goods
$=65.50
Gold, cash
6. Interest Rates
More interest rate More return
Low interest rate Low return
example-:
Let A has INR1000
There are 2 countries U.S. and INDIA with different I/R
U.S. with 15% INDIA with 10%
So que. where A should invest
Obviously In U.S.
Because its business all need high
return
and he will out flow it to U.S.
7. INFLATIION
Inflation reports monitor the rise of the prices of
basic goods and services in an economy, inversely
the rate at which purchase power is falling. Think
of it as a measure of how much you can buy with a
rupee.
EXAMPLE-:
if you can buy a quart of milk for INR20, after a 2%
inflation, that same quart will cost INR24. The
main cause for a higher inflation rate is a growth of
money supply without an equal growth in the
country’s assets
8. Current Account
The current account deficit is a broader measure that
includes the trade deficit and is itself part of a
broader measure, the balance of payments.
The balance of payments is the sum of all
transactions between a nation and all of its
international trading partners.
In addition to the trade deficit, the current account
deficit includes factor income and financial transfers.
Balance of payments fluctuates exchange rate of its
domestic currency.
9. GEOPOLITICAL CONDITIONS
Elections in country or in other country
Tax policies
Natural disasters
Stability
Global crisis
Rating agencies
Wars and attacks
10. Government Debt
Government debt is public debt or national
debt owned by the central government.
Govt
debt
less foreign
capital
inflation
FII
open mrt selling
Fall in value
of INR
11. The Indian currency has witnessed a slippery
journey since Independence. Many geopolitical
and economic developments have affected its
movement in the last 66 years.
When India got freedom on August 15, 1947, the
value of the rupee was on a par with the American
dollar. There were no foreign borrowings on
India's balance sheet.
.
12. To finance welfare and development activities,
especially with the introduction of the Five-Year
Plan in 1951, the government started external
borrowings. This required the devaluation of
the rupee.
After independence, India had chosen to adopt
a fixed rate currency regime. The rupee was
pegged at 4.79 against a dollar between 1948
and 1966.
13. Two consecutive wars, one with China in 1962 and
another one with Pakistan in 1965; resulted in a huge
deficit on India's budget, forcing the government to
devalue the currency to 7.57 against the dollar.
The rupee's link with the British currency was broken
in 1971 and it was linked directly to the US dollar.
In 1975, value of the Indian rupee was pegged at 8.39
against a dollar.
14. In 1985, it was further devalued to 12 rupee against a
dollar.
The next round of weakness in the Rupee came in the wake
of the Bofors scam which toppled Rajiv Gandhi’s
government plunging the Rupee to new lows of
$= 12.36
In the year 1990 this rose to $=17.50
15. In 1991, India faced a serious balance of payment crisis
and was forced to sharply devalue its currency. The
country was in the grip of high inflation, low growth and
the foreign reserves were not even worth to
meet three weeks of imports. Under these
situations, the currency was devalued to 17.90 against a
dollar.
To fill in this gap India borrowed large amounts from the
International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) with an obligation to
devalue the Rupee. The Rupee hit new lows with 1 US$ =
24.58 INR by the early-nineties from Rs.16.31/1$
16. 1993 was very important. This year currency was let
free to flow with the market sentiments.
The exchange rate was freed to be determined by the
market, with provisions of intervention by the central
bank under the situation of extreme volatility.
This year, the currency was devalued to 31.37 against
a dollar. The rupee traded in the range of 40-50
between 2000 and2010
It was mostly at around 45 against a dollar. It touched
a high of 39 in 2007.
17. 2008-the global crises
The Indian currency has gradually depreciated since the
global 2008 economic crisis. when sky-high home prices in
the United States finally turned decisively downward,
spread quickly, first to the entire U.S. financial sector and
then to financial markets overseas.
In 2011- sharp drop in foreign investment, which tumbled
from $6.5 billion in June to $616 million in September.
Indian companies borrow money in foreign currencies
from outside the country because of lower interest rates.
Indian companies borrowed close to $29 billion in foreign
currencies.
19. In 2013
Less in flow -FDI inflows in India registered a decline of 38%, to $22.42
billion, in 2012–2013, compared to $35.12 billion in 2011–2012
Markets were further spooked by the withdrawal of two of the largest
projects
ArcelorMittal (MT), in Odisha
POSCO (PKX), in Karnataka. The combined investment value of both
projects was approximately $13 billion, or about 15% of the CAD in 2012–
2013
Record current account deficit of $88.2 billion in 2012–2013
In November 2013, Indian inflation reached 11.24%.
India is a net importer of oil. It has to buy oil in dollars. Therefore, rising oil
prices worsen India’s current account and also weaken the Rupee. More
Indian’s Rupee’s have to be spent on buying oil. It was $88/barrel in 2011
and by the 2013 it was $110/barrel
20. IN 2014
PROFIT-BOOKING IN INDIAN MARKETS
The Indian markets have been witnessing profit booking. The
benchmark indices have cracked nearly 1 per cent in the
month of August so far.
Foreign funds have sold $363.48 million worth equities and
$440.15 million worth of debt so far this month, bringing down
total inflows so far this year to $25.60 billion.
STRONG US DOLLAR
The US dollar was came strong against other currencies
on the hopes of revival in the US economy. The US
services sector surged to an eight-and-a-half year high in
July. The US index's rise beat analysts' forecasts. The US
factory orders also rose, above analysts' expectations, at
1.1 per cent in June.
21. GEO-POLITICAL TENSIONS
Hostilities among Russia and Ukraine and unrest in
the middle-east can have a sharp impact on global
economy as they threaten to disturb global oil
market.
According to reports, ISIS has captured a number of
towns in northern Iraq, and is close to seizing Iraq's
largest dam. ISIS now controls Ain Zalah oil field,
adding it to the four oil fields it already controls.
Escalation of tension can lead to a sharp rise in global
crude oil prices. India is a major importer of crude oil
and demand for dollars could lead to decline in the
rupee value.
22. Have a look over how
INDIAN currency affected by
political interval?
25. demand for the US currency from Indian
importers and foreign investors looking to
hedge their investments in India following the
sharp fall in the local currency.
dollar demand was strong from state-owned
banks, likely on behalf of their public sector
clients like oil companies or for government
defense linked purchases.
26. ON Tuesday 11 august 2015 China decided to devalue Yuan
2% against $US
Yuan devaluation will affect Indian exporters and
manufacturers, also it will continue to keep the rupee under
pressure.
Yuan devaluation will affect the Indian exporters because
Chinese exports in comparison become better in position.
India has a large trade deficit with China of around $77.6 bn
in 2014-15 which is almost doubled over the last ten years.
Rupee need to depreciate to keep its exports to China and the
rest of the world competitive at a time when external demand
is weak.
27. Fears of low growth
India has targeted an economic growth rate of 8.5% for
fiscal year 2015-16, compared to 7.2% in fiscal year 2014-
15. The World Bank forecast a growth rate of 7.9% for the
economy
If good rating =good inflow of foreign currency
If less rating =outflow of foreign currency
Moody’s lowered its India growth
forecast by half a percentage point
from the 7.5% it estimated earlier.
28. OFFLOADS BY FII’s
Heavy offloading in portfolios by foreign investors and global
traders also led to the sudden rupee weakness
Foreign institutional investors, key to the fortunes of domestic
equity, poured $50 billion since last May 2015
FIIs have aggressively sold shares in the cash market over the
last few sessions. They have also reduced their exposure in
Indian bonds, which has led to dollar outflows and pressured
the rupee.
High volatility in INDIAN stock market and less stability .