Determine if each system is1. memoryless2. Invertible3. Causal.pdf
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Determine if each system is 1. memoryless 2. Invertible 3. Causal 4. Stable 5. Time Invariant 6. Linear y[n] = x[n]2 VIn y(t)= x(2t) y[n-x(-n] y[n] nx| n + 3 y(t)= sin(2*t x(T) dT y( t) -X(T) dT dx(t) y(t)=-dt -5 VIn 5k tt [ nt_ot, 11 ntnnttttn Solution y(t) = R 2 x( )d Taken t=2(any number) Causality: The system is NOT causal because for any t < 2, the output depends on a future input. Invertibility: The system is NOT invertible because only the integral and not the input function itself determines the output, e.g. the output corresponding to input x1(t) = u(t)u(t1) is the same as that corresponding to input x2(t) = 2[u(t) u(t 1/2)]. Memorylessness: The system is NOT memoryless because the output at time t depends on input values at times other than t. Time Invariance: The system is NOT time invariant. To see this, we let x(t) = u(t) u(t 1) so that y(t) = Z 2 x( )d (18) = Z 1 0 d (19) = 1, (20) i.e. constant for all t, so in particular, y(t 3) = 1 for any value of t 2 . However, if we let x3(t) = x(t 3) = u(t 3) u(t 4) . Then y3(t) = Z 2 x3( )d (21) = Z 2 3 x( )d (22) = 0 (23) 6= y(t 3) Linearity: Assume t=2..any arbitary value The system is linear because if y1(t) = Z 2 x1( )d, and (12) y2(t) = Z 2 x2( )d, and x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then the output y(t) corresponding to the input x(t) is y(t) = Z 2 (x1 + x2)( )d = Z 2 x1( )d + Z 2 x2( )d = y1(t) + y2(t) y(t) = (dx/dt)(t) ( causal , invertible, linear , memoryless , time invariant ) Causality: The system is memoryless, hence causal. Invertibility: The system is NOT invertible because any two inputs that differ by a constant yield the same output. Linearity: The system is linear because if y1(t) = (dx1/dt)(t), and (25) y2(t) = (dx2/dt)(t) and x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then the output y(t) corresponding to the input x(t) is y(t) = (d(x1 + x2)/dt)(t) = (dx1/dt)(t) + (dx2/dt)(t) = y1(t) + y2(t). Memorylessness: The system is memoryless because the output at time t depends on input values at only time t. Time Invariance: The system is time invariant. To see this, we let y(t) be the output corresponding to the input x(t) and let xa(t) = x(t a). Then the output ya(t) corresponding to the input signal xa(t) is ya(t) = (dxa/dt)(t) = (d(x)/dt)(t a) = y(t a). (a) y(t) = R t x( )d Invertible: z(t) = d dty(t) = d dt Z t x( ) d = x(t) y[n] = x[n] (1) y[1] depends on x[1] so the system has memory. Let x1[n] = x[n N], then y1[n] = x1[n] = x[n N] y[n N] = x[(n N)] = x[n + N] Hence the system is time-varying. (3) Assume x1[n] y1[n] and x2[n] y2[n] and x3[n] = ax1[n] + bx2[n] y3[n] = x3[n] = ax1[n] + bx2[n] = ay1[n] + by2[n] Hence the system is linear. (4) y[1] depends on x[1] so the system is noncausal. (5) If |x[n]| Mx for all n, then |y[n]| = |x[n]| Mx for all n. Therefore, the system is BIBO stable..
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![Determine if each system is
1. memoryless
2. Invertible
3. Causal
4. Stable
5. Time Invariant
6. Linear y[n] = x[n]2 VIn y(t)= x(2t) y[n-x(-n] y[n] nx| n + 3 y(t)= sin(2*t x(T) dT y( t) -X(T)
dT dx(t) y(t)=-dt -5 VIn 5k tt [ nt_ot, 11 ntnnttttn
Solution
y(t) = R 2 x( )d
Taken t=2(any number)
Causality: The system is NOT causal because for any t < 2, the output depends on a future input.
Invertibility: The system is NOT invertible because only the integral and not the input function
itself determines the output, e.g. the output corresponding to input x1(t) = u(t)u(t1) is the same as
that corresponding to input x2(t) = 2[u(t) u(t 1/2)].
Memorylessness: The system is NOT memoryless because the output at time t depends on input
values at times other than t. Time Invariance: The system is NOT time invariant. To see this, we
let x(t) = u(t) u(t 1) so that y(t) = Z 2 x( )d (18) = Z 1 0 d (19) = 1, (20) i.e. constant for all t, so
in particular, y(t 3) = 1 for any value of t 2 . However, if we let x3(t) = x(t 3) = u(t 3) u(t 4) .
Then y3(t) = Z 2 x3( )d (21) = Z 2 3 x( )d (22) = 0 (23) 6= y(t 3)
Linearity: Assume t=2..any arbitary value The system is linear because if y1(t) = Z 2 x1( )d, and
(12) y2(t) = Z 2 x2( )d, and x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then the output y(t) corresponding to the input
x(t) is y(t) = Z 2 (x1 + x2)( )d = Z 2 x1( )d + Z 2 x2( )d = y1(t) + y2(t)
y(t) = (dx/dt)(t) ( causal , invertible, linear , memoryless , time invariant ) Causality: The system
is memoryless, hence causal. Invertibility: The system is NOT invertible because any two inputs
that differ by a constant yield the same output. Linearity: The system is linear because if y1(t) =
(dx1/dt)(t), and (25) y2(t) = (dx2/dt)(t) and x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then the output y(t)
corresponding to the input x(t) is y(t) = (d(x1 + x2)/dt)(t) = (dx1/dt)(t) + (dx2/dt)(t) = y1(t) +
y2(t). Memorylessness: The system is memoryless because the output at time t depends on input
values at only time t. Time Invariance: The system is time invariant. To see this, we let y(t) be
the output corresponding to the input x(t) and let xa(t) = x(t a). Then the output ya(t)
corresponding to the input signal xa(t) is ya(t) = (dxa/dt)(t) = (d(x)/dt)(t a) = y(t a).
(a) y(t) = R t x( )d Invertible: z(t) = d dty(t) = d dt Z t x( ) d = x(t)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/determineifeachsystemis1-230709135612-c6add0ad/85/Determine-if-each-system-is1-memoryless2-Invertible3-Causal-pdf-1-320.jpg)
![y[n] = x[n] (1) y[1] depends on x[1] so the system has memory.
Let x1[n] = x[n N], then y1[n] = x1[n] = x[n N] y[n N] = x[(n N)] = x[n + N] Hence the
system is time-varying. (3) Assume x1[n] y1[n] and x2[n] y2[n] and x3[n] = ax1[n] + bx2[n]
y3[n] = x3[n] = ax1[n] + bx2[n] = ay1[n] + by2[n] Hence the system is linear. (4) y[1] depends
on x[1] so the system is noncausal. (5) If |x[n]| Mx for all n, then |y[n]| = |x[n]| Mx for all n.
Therefore, the system is BIBO stable.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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3. Find the response of a system to an input of x(t)=2u(t-10) if h(t)=sin(2t)u(t).
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dy
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b)
dy
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ty t x t+ =4 2( ) ( )
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c)
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d) y(t) = sin(x(t))
check linearity:
y t x t1 1( ) sin( ( ))=
y t x t2 2( ) sin( ( ))=
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to an input of a x t a x t1 1 2 2( ) ( )+ is sin( ( ) ( ))a x t a x t1 1 2 2+ .
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f) y n y n x n x n[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]+ + = + −1 4 3 1
Rewrite the equation as y n y n x n x n[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]+ − = − −4 1 3 1 by decreasing the index.
This is a difference equation with constant coefficients, so it is linear and time-invariant. The output does
not depend on future values of the input, so it is causal. It has memory.
y n y n x n[ ] [ ] [ ]+ − = +2 1 1
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time-invariant: Let y1[n] represent the response to an input of x[n-N], so y1[n] = x[2(n-N)]. This is also
equal to y[n-N], so the system is time-invariant.
i) y n nx n[ ] [ ]= 2
This is similar to part h), except for the n coefficient. Similar to above, it is noncausal, has memory and is
linear. Check time-invariance:
Let y1[n] represent the response to an input of x[n-N], so y1[n] =.
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3. Find the response of a system to an input of x(t)=2u(t-10) if h(t)=sin(2t)u(t).
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2
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dy
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b)
dy
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ty t x t+ =4 2( ) ( )
This is an ordinary differential equation. The coefficients of 4t and 2 do not depend on y or x, so the
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equal to y[n-N], so the system is time-invariant.
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linear. Check time-invariance:
Let y1[n] represent the response to an input of x[n-N], so y1[n] =.
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void my_show_poly(my_poly *);
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printf(\"\ Stored the 1st expression\");
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scanf(\"%d\", &ch);
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void my_create_poly(my_poly ** node)
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int flag;
int coeff, pow;
my_poly * tmp_node;
tmp_node = (my_poly *) malloc(sizeof(my_poly));
*node = tmp_node;
do
{
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tmp_node->coeff = coeff;
printf(\"\ Enter Pow:\");
scanf(\"%d\", &pow);
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tmp_node->next = NULL;
printf(\"\ Continue adding more terms to the polynomial list?(Y = 1/N = 0): \");
scanf(\"%d\", &flag);
//printf(\"\ FLAG: %c\ \", flag);
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tmp_node->next = (my_poly *) malloc(sizeof(my_poly)); //Grow the list
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tmp_node->next = NULL;
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} while (flag);
}
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{
printf(\"\ The polynomial expression is:\ \");
while(node != NULL)
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node = node->next;
if(node != NULL)
printf(\" + \");
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}
void my_add_poly(my_poly ** result, my_poly * poly1, my_poly * poly2)
{
my_poly * tmp_node;
tmp_node = (my_poly *) malloc(sizeof(my_poly));
tmp_node->next = NULL;
*result = tmp_node;
while(poly1 && poly2)
{
if (poly1->pow > poly2->pow)
{
tmp_node->pow = poly1->pow;
tmp_node->coeff = poly1->coeff;
poly1 = poly1->next;
}
else if (poly1->pow < poly2->pow)
{
tmp_node->pow = poly2->pow;
tmp_node->coeff = poly2->coeff;
poly2 = poly2->next;
}
else
{
tmp_node->pow = poly1->pow;
tmp_node->coeff = poly1->coeff + poly2->coeff;
poly1 = poly1->next;
poly2 = poly2->next;
}
if(poly1 && poly2)
{
tmp_node->next = (my_poly *) malloc(sizeof(my_poly));
tmp_node = tmp_node->next;
tmp_node->next = NULL;
}
}
while(poly1 || poly2)
{
tmp_node->next = (my_poly *) malloc(sizeof(my_poly));.
All answers must be in your own wordsWhat iswas The Great Law Wh.pdf
All answers must be in your own words
What is/was The Great Law? Who wrote it and why?
Solution
Under the Iroquois Confederacy, the Great Law of Peace formed an Oral Constitution that was
written by the Great Peacemaker, Dekanawidah in association with his spokesman, Hiawatha.
With the initial recording and transmission of the Law in wampum symbolic language, it got
gradually translated into English. The Great Law revolves around such noting laws that are
narrative in nature and also describes what types of ceremonies that are to be performed at a
given point of time. This law comprises of more than a hundred of articles which are known as
constitution. Since the language is particular the nation following the same, it has varied from its
member to member nations, in order to make the laws more comprehendible to the members.
Most of the preaching is also adopted by the US Constitution. Since this law gave importance to
the freedom of expression and believed in the concept of servant leadership, it is believed that it
inspired various significant leaders to create their roots of democracy into the system. It was
primarily formed to teach the people of the nations that the Constitution shall not tolerate any
offensive actions or criticism but shall instead believe in peace and prestige and the leaders shall
be formed to act not only as mentor but also to dedicate their lives for service and welfare of the
People. The determination should be coupled with the warmth of the people so that they accept
these leaders who shall deliberate calmly to deal with the issues faced by the nation overall..
4. An upward shift in the Reserve Bank of Australias policy reactio.pdf
4. An upward shift in the Reserve Bank of Australia\'s policy reaction function at a time when
the United States Federal Reserve did not shift its policy reaction function is likely to have which
of the following effects? a. Increase the demand for Australian financial assets and so cause the
Australiarn dollar to depreciate. b. Decrease the demand for Australian financial assets and so
cause the Australian dollar to appreciate. c. Decrease the demand for Australian financial assets
and so cause the Australian dollar to depreciate d. Increase the demand for Australian financial
assets and so cause the Australiarn dollar to appreciate.
Solution
An upward shift in the reaction function will increase the interest rate of Australian financial
assets because the rate of return from these assets will rise.This will result in capital inflows.This
will increase the demand of Australian currency and thus, Australian currency would appreciate.
Answer-d.
Write a function prototype for each of the following functions (Jus.pdf
Write a function prototype for each of the following functions: (Just the line, not the body.)
1.) function area that takes two values of type in as parameters, called side1 and side2 and
returns a value of type int as its results.
2.)function showMenu that does not receive any parameters and does not return a value.
3.)function convert that takes a float parameter, called number, and returns a value of type char
as its results.
Solution
1.) function area that takes two values of type in as parameters, called side1 and side2 and
returns a value of type int as its results
sol:int area(int side1,int side2);
2)function showMenu that does not receive any parameters and does not return a value.
sol:void showMenu();
3)function convert that takes a float parameter, called number, and returns a value of type char as
its results.
sol:char convert(float number);.
Why is white collar crime is so difficult to address with law enforc.pdf
Why is white collar crime is so difficult to address with law enforcement and regulatory efforts?
Solution
The reasons why white collar crime is so difficult to address with law enforcement and
regulatory efforts is mentioned below:
- White collar crimes are seen as non threatening. People who commit the crimes are citizens of
respect in society.
- They are also non-violent crimes with difficult to identify victims. Thus, the law and regulatory
authorities perceives it as a mere bad judgement on part of some individuals.
- White collar crimes do not draw an intense response from the public as well as the authorities.
They are not seen as priority.
- Due to lack of personnel and resources, white collar crimes are just not given the importance
they deserve..
What is Eulers number and who is it named after Can you name some.pdf
What is Euler\'s number and who is it named after? Can you name some uses of Euler\'s number?
Also, list some formulas containing Euler\'s number?
Solution
e is known as Euler\'s number and is named after Leonhard euler .
Formula\'s containing euler\'s number
ei pi+1=0
ei theta=cos theta + i sin theta.
Using C++...Hints- Use binary file readwrite to store employee .pdf
Using C++...
Hints
- Use binary file read/write to store employee structures effeciently
- You can find the size of struct Employee using sizeof(Employee).
- Structs can be written out to a file using write() function.
- write() function takes address to a memory and the number of bytes to be written to the file.
It may be easier to get first and last name using std::string as follows:
- You can easily convert a char[] to a string as follows
- It is possble to get a const char[] from an std::string using c_str() function. Step 1 Create a
struct that can store employee id, wages and first and last names. To keep things simple, we
assume that employee names are stored in charll, and we only store the first 16 characters of the
name. See below. struct Employee char fname [16] char Iname [16] int id double wages Step 2
write a program that adds an employee to the employees at file. add-employee Enter firstname
Captain Enter lastname: America. Enter id: 2 Enter wage: 5.00 This program will append this
record to the employees dat Step 3 write a program that prints the info of the employee with the
passed employee id. s prn-employee 2 America, Captain id wage $5.00
Solution
as C++ is known as powerful lanuage because of classess (superior in comparison with struct) so
class employee is created.
#include
class Employee
{
int id;
char fname[16];
char lname[16];
double wages;
public:
//To display record based on employee id
void diplay(int );
//To append the data of employee
void append();
};
void Empoyee::append()
{
fstream File;
File.open( “EMP.DAT”, ios::binary | ios::in | ios::out);
cin>>id;
cin.getline(fname, 20);
cin.getline(lname, 20);
cin>>wages;
File.write( (char*)this, sizeof(Employee));
File.close();
}
void Employee::Search(int data)
{
fstream File;
File.open( “EMP.DAT”, ios::binary | ios::in);
File.read((char*)this, sizeof(Employee));
cout << id<< ”==> ” << Employee<< endl;
File.close();
}
Still if you need structure , here is the code
#include
#include
using namespace std;
typedef struct employee
{
char fname[16];
char lname[16];
int id;
double wages
}emp;
int main()
{
//values are hard coded
emp apprentice[3];
strcpy(apprentice[0].fname, \"john\");
strcpy(apprentice[0].fname, \"sina\");
apprentice[0].id = 21;
apprentice[0].wages=2000;
strcpy(apprentice[1].fname, \"under\");
strcpy(apprentice[1].fname, \"taker\");
apprentice[1].id = 20;
apprentice[1].wages=3000;
strcpy(apprentice[2].fname, \"under\");
strcpy(apprentice[2].fname, \"taker\");
apprentice[2].id = 20;
apprentice[2].wages=3000;
// Serializing struct to employee.data
ofstream output_file(\"employee.data\", ios::binary);
output_file.write((char*)&apprentice, sizeof(apprentice));
output_file.close();
// Reading from it
ifstream input_file(\"employee.data\", ios::binary);
emp master[3];
input_file.read((char*)&master, sizeof(master));
for (emp e = 0; e < 3; e++)
{
cout << \"Id #\" << e << endl;
cout << \"fname: \" << master[e].fname << endl;
cout << \"lname: \" << master[e].lname <<.
Unless specifically legally permitted, agreements to suppress or eli.pdf
Unless specifically legally permitted, agreements to suppress or eliminate completion are illegal
and unenforceable, however, there are monopolies that exist, and thrive. Some examples may be
a patented medical device, the USPS, MLB, NFL, and public utilities, write a long paragraph on
a “legal monopoly.” All sources should be cited
Solution
A legal monopoly is set up in the beginning as a perceived best option for both government and
its citizens. For example, AT&T operated as a legal monopoly until 1982 because it was deemed
vital to have cheap and reliable service for everyone. Railroads and airlines have also been
operated as legal monopolies at different periods in history.
A legal monopoly is a company that is operating as a monopoly under a government mandate. A
legal monopoly offers a specific product or service at a regulated price and can either be
independently run and government regulated, or government run and regulated.
A legal monopoly is also known as a \"statutory monopoly.
A legal monopoly is set up in the beginning as a perceived best option for both government and
its citizens. For example, AT&T operated as a legal monopoly until 1982 because it was deemed
vital to have cheap and reliable service for everyone. Railroads and airlines have also been
operated as legal monopolies at different periods in history.
The prevailing idea behind instituting legal monopolies is that too many competitors investing in
their own delivery infrastructure would mean that prices across the board would be too high.
While this idea proves true, it\'s not true indefinitely. In most cases, capitalism has eventually
wins out over legal monopolies as technology and the economy become more advanced, which
levels the playing field for the industry, while slashing costs and barriers to entry. When the
doors open to competition, it always proves to be in the best interest of consumers.
Examples of Legal Monopolies
Throughout history, various governments have imposed legal monopolies on a variety of
commodities, including salt, iron and tobacco. The Statute of Monopolies of 1623 was an early
step in an English movement to convert letters patent from a method of rewarding royal favorites
at other than royal expense, to a method of encouraging inventors.
The Dutch East India Company, British East India Company and similar national trading
companies were granted exclusive trade rights by their respective national governments. Private
freelance traders operating outside the scope of those two companies were subject to criminal
penalties, and those companies fought wars in the 17th century to delineate and defend their
monopoly territories.
Legal monopolies on alcohol remain fairly common, both as a source of public revenue and as a
means of control. Meanwhile, monopolies on opium and cocaine, formerly important for
revenue, were converted or reinstituted during the twentieth century to curb the abuse of
controlled substances. For example, Mallinckrodt Inco.
There are tremendous pressures on selected industrialized countries,.pdf
There are tremendous pressures on selected industrialized countries, as well as MNCs and NGOs
to be more socially and environmentally responsive to world problems.
Do governments and companies in developed countries have an ethical responsibility to
contribute to economic growth and social development in developing countries?
Luthans, F. & Doh, J. P. (2018). International Management Culture, strategy and behavior (10th
ed.). Ethics, Social Resposibility and Sustainability
There are tremendous pressures on selected industrialized countries, as well as MNCs and
NGOs to be more socially and environmentally responsive to world problems.
Do governments and companies in developed countries have an ethical responsibility to
contribute to economic growth and social development in developing countries?
Luthans, F. & Doh, J. P. (2018). International Management Culture, strategy and behavior (10th
ed.).
Solution
Developed countries are those countries which have high level of economic growth and GDP.and
they are independent and developing nations are those which have poor infrastructure who look
towards someone for thier help .therefore it\'s a ethical responsibility of developed nations
companies and goverment to put forward thier hands towards developing nations becuase people
in developin nation really looking for help rhey are one who do not get two time proper meal
where as in develpoed countires people throw thier excess food in dustbin,which is incorrect.
inspite of wasting excess money its better to invest in grwoth and development of developing
countries..
This week we covered Accounting and Payroll liabilities and the diff.pdf
This week we covered Accounting and Payroll liabilities and the different classifications that fall
under them. We also deductions, register, and earning records. State the definition of liabilities.
Describe the difference between accounting and payroll liabilities. Discuss the implications of
not adhering to the regulations of payroll liabilities.
Solution
Liabilites are the financial obligations which arise over the course of buisness proceeding to be
paid in foreseable future by the company.
Accounting liabilities include loans, accounts payable, mortgages, deferred revenues and
accrued expenses which are created because of business transactions
Payroll liabilities include items which are deducted from the payroll of emplpoyees and typically
include taxes withheld from employees, such as federal and state income tax, Social Security tax,
401k retirement fund contributions, , health insurance contributions Medicareunion dues, and
payroll garnishments
Failure to deposit payroll taxes can lead to action agains the company as well the person
responsible for paying those money into the trust of the government for these purpose. Penalty is
also imposed as follows:
Days late Penalty
1 to 5 days 2%
6 to 15 days 5%
16 or more days 10%
Also applies to deposits made within
10 days of the date of the first IRS
notice requesting the tax.
Amounts unpaid more than 10 days after the date of the first IRS notice requesting the tax, or the
day when you received notice and demand for immediate payment, whichever is earlier would be
taxed penalised at 15%.
t Assignment 2 Econ 201 Importance of scarcity. SolutionScarc.pdf
t: Assignment 2 Econ 201: Importance of scarcity.
Solution
Scarcity refers to the problem when the unlimited human wants are not fulfilled with the limited
resources in the world. This leads us to the question of how these resources need to be used. This
leads human beings to choosing to allocate the limited resources for their unlimited wants. This
also brings us closer to the concept of opportunity cost where we choose one alternative over the
other ie. forgo the other option. Scarcity is an important concept because had there been no
scarcity then all the unlimited wants would have been fulfilled by the unlimited resources.
Economics brings the concept of scarcity to understand the purpose of allocation of resources
judiciously and making the most of the available resources. Scarcity basically brings up the
concept of giving up an alternative and choosing the other one. It leads to trade off or
opportunity cost..
Stark Company has five employees. Employees paid by the hour receive.pdf
Stark Company has five employees. Employees paid by the hour receive a $12 per hour pay rate
for the regular 40-hour workweek plus one and one-half times the hourly rate for each overtime
hour beyond the 40 hours per week. Hourly employees are paid every two weeks, but salaried
employees are paid monthly on the last biweekly payday of each month. FICA Social Security
taxes are 6.2% of the first $118,500 paid to each employee, and FICA Medicare taxes are 1.45%
of gross pay. FUTA taxes are 0.6% and SUTA taxes are 5.4% of the first $7,000 paid to each
employee. The company has a benefits plan that includes medical insurance, life insurance, and
retirement funding for employees. Under this plan, employees must contribute 5 percent of their
gross income as a payroll withholding, which the company matches with double the amount.
Following is the partially completed payroll register for the biweekly period ending August 31,
which is the last payday of August.
Solution
Some workers are entitled to acquire extra time pay once they work additional hours. Eligibility
is centered on weekly profits and hours worked. Extra time pay is calculated situated on a forty-
hour workweek and overtime pay for eligible employees is required for any hours labored over
those 40 hours. Time beyond regulation pay rules are governed by way of the reasonable Labor
necessities Act (FLSA) and, in some states, by way of state overtime laws.
In states the place an employee is subject to each state and federal additional time laws,
additional time is paid according to the commonplace to be able to furnish the higher amount of
pay. Verify your State division of Labor website for knowledge on time beyond regulation pay
standards to your vicinity. Employers have got to comply with each federal and state law to stay
compliant.
What is time beyond regulation Pay?
Staff currently earning less than $455 per week, which is $23,660 per yr, are presently
guaranteed federal overtime safety. There are exemptions for tremendously compensated
employees who normally and most often perform any person or more of the exempt tasks or
tasks of an government, administrative, or reputable worker.
In step with the division of Labor, workers blanketed by way of the Act must acquire extra time
pay for hours labored in way over forty in a workweek at a cost now not not up to time and one-
half their common charges of pay.
Double Time Pay
Double time is a rate of pay double the average amount a person receives for natural hours
worked. So, in case your common price of pay was $eleven.00 an hour, double time pay could be
$22.00 per hour. Double time is normally paid for engaged on federal holidays or when hours
work exceeding the common workday.
When Double Time is Paid
There are no federal laws that require an enterprise to pay double time for extra time worked.
The reasonable Labor requirements Act (FLSA) has no requirement for double time pay.
Nevertheless, state legal guidelines may just furnish for .
Silas, Cole, and Addison are on the same Learning Team at UOP. If ea.pdf
Silas, Cole, and Addison are on the same Learning Team at UOP. If each worked on the team
assignments alone, it would take Silas 10 hours, Cole 8 hours, and Addison 12 hours to finish the
assignments. They usually started the same time on Monday night after work. But last week,
Silas started early and he had worked for 2 hours on the assignments when Cole and Addison
began. Later, all three finished the team assignments. How long did they take to finish by
working together?
Solution
In one hour Silas would finish 1/10th work
In two hours Silas would finish 2/10th work
Remaining (1-2/10) = 8/10th work is finished by all of them
If all of them started at same time the would finish the entire work in
1/(1/10+1/8+1/12)
=1/(80+120+96)/960
=960/296days
0.8 work they finish in
960*0.8/296 days
768/296
In one hour Silas would finish 1/10th work
In two hours Silas would finish 2/10th work
Remaining (1-2/10) = 8/10th work is finished by all of them
If all of them started at same time the would finish the entire work in
1/(1/10+1/8+1/12)
=1/(80+120+96)/960
=960/296days
0.8 work they finish in
960*0.8/296 days
768/296.
Q1 Discuss three types of accounting anomalies and define why they .pdf
Q1: Discuss three types of accounting anomalies and define why they are important to a fraud
investigation and why the fraud examiner should be mindful of these anomalies?
Q2: Define circumstantial evidence and describe why this type of evidence is so useful to a
forensic accountant during an investigation.
Solution.
QUESTION 2727. A profit center is the same as a revenue center.T.pdf
QUESTION 27
27. A profit center is the same as a revenue center.
True
False
QUESTION 1
1. Step costs relate to the range of activity for which cost behavior assumptions are reasonably
valid.
True
False
Solution
Revenue center are subunits of a business responsible for generating revenues whereas profit
centers are responsible for managing costs in addition to generaring revenue.
Hence, the answer is false.
Pleass raise a different question for the second question.
Thanks..
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Determine if each system is1. memoryless2. Invertible3. Causal.pdf
- 1. Determine if each system is 1. memoryless 2. Invertible 3. Causal 4. Stable 5. Time Invariant 6. Linear y[n] = x[n]2 VIn y(t)= x(2t) y[n-x(-n] y[n] nx| n + 3 y(t)= sin(2*t x(T) dT y( t) -X(T) dT dx(t) y(t)=-dt -5 VIn 5k tt [ nt_ot, 11 ntnnttttn Solution y(t) = R 2 x( )d Taken t=2(any number) Causality: The system is NOT causal because for any t < 2, the output depends on a future input. Invertibility: The system is NOT invertible because only the integral and not the input function itself determines the output, e.g. the output corresponding to input x1(t) = u(t)u(t1) is the same as that corresponding to input x2(t) = 2[u(t) u(t 1/2)]. Memorylessness: The system is NOT memoryless because the output at time t depends on input values at times other than t. Time Invariance: The system is NOT time invariant. To see this, we let x(t) = u(t) u(t 1) so that y(t) = Z 2 x( )d (18) = Z 1 0 d (19) = 1, (20) i.e. constant for all t, so in particular, y(t 3) = 1 for any value of t 2 . However, if we let x3(t) = x(t 3) = u(t 3) u(t 4) . Then y3(t) = Z 2 x3( )d (21) = Z 2 3 x( )d (22) = 0 (23) 6= y(t 3) Linearity: Assume t=2..any arbitary value The system is linear because if y1(t) = Z 2 x1( )d, and (12) y2(t) = Z 2 x2( )d, and x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then the output y(t) corresponding to the input x(t) is y(t) = Z 2 (x1 + x2)( )d = Z 2 x1( )d + Z 2 x2( )d = y1(t) + y2(t) y(t) = (dx/dt)(t) ( causal , invertible, linear , memoryless , time invariant ) Causality: The system is memoryless, hence causal. Invertibility: The system is NOT invertible because any two inputs that differ by a constant yield the same output. Linearity: The system is linear because if y1(t) = (dx1/dt)(t), and (25) y2(t) = (dx2/dt)(t) and x(t) = x1(t) + x2(t), then the output y(t) corresponding to the input x(t) is y(t) = (d(x1 + x2)/dt)(t) = (dx1/dt)(t) + (dx2/dt)(t) = y1(t) + y2(t). Memorylessness: The system is memoryless because the output at time t depends on input values at only time t. Time Invariance: The system is time invariant. To see this, we let y(t) be the output corresponding to the input x(t) and let xa(t) = x(t a). Then the output ya(t) corresponding to the input signal xa(t) is ya(t) = (dxa/dt)(t) = (d(x)/dt)(t a) = y(t a). (a) y(t) = R t x( )d Invertible: z(t) = d dty(t) = d dt Z t x( ) d = x(t)
- 2. y[n] = x[n] (1) y[1] depends on x[1] so the system has memory. Let x1[n] = x[n N], then y1[n] = x1[n] = x[n N] y[n N] = x[(n N)] = x[n + N] Hence the system is time-varying. (3) Assume x1[n] y1[n] and x2[n] y2[n] and x3[n] = ax1[n] + bx2[n] y3[n] = x3[n] = ax1[n] + bx2[n] = ay1[n] + by2[n] Hence the system is linear. (4) y[1] depends on x[1] so the system is noncausal. (5) If |x[n]| Mx for all n, then |y[n]| = |x[n]| Mx for all n. Therefore, the system is BIBO stable.