The document discusses the determination and classification of periodontal prognosis. Prognosis is made based on specific disease information, risk factors, and treatment history. It is classified as good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless. Factors like attachment loss, bone loss, furcation involvement, and mobility affect individual tooth prognosis, while age, medical history and oral hygiene impact overall prognosis. A provisional prognosis allows reevaluation after initial treatment. Smoking, genetics and stress influence prognosis. Prognosis of specific diseases like chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis are discussed. Reevaluation after treatment can update the original prognosis.
Periodontal medicine is the study of the relationship between periodontal health and systemic health. Periodontal disease can influence systemic health through direct effects of bacteria or indirect host-mediated inflammatory responses. Periodontitis has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and preterm low birth weight. Treatment of periodontal infection may help improve glycemic control in diabetic patients and reduce systemic inflammation.
This document discusses different types of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis including non-AIDS type and AIDS-associated type. It also discusses refractory periodontitis caused by abnormal host response, resistant bacteria, failure to remove plaque, and smoking. Microbial complexes associated with refractory periodontitis include Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy and local drug delivery. The document also discusses periodontitis caused by systemic diseases that impair neutrophil function such as Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, and Down syndrome.
This document provides an overview of periodontal dressings. It discusses the history of dressings from the early 20th century use of eugenol-containing dressings to the development of non-eugenol dressings. The ideal properties and types of dressings are described, including eugenol, non-eugenol, and those containing neither zinc oxide nor eugenol. Modifications to dressings through the addition of substances like chlorhexidine to improve antimicrobial activity are also summarized. The document concludes by stating that while dressings provide wound protection, mouthwashes are now preferred for their antimicrobial effects during healing.
Role of genetics in periodontal diseasesAnushri Gupta
Terminologies in Genetics
Genetic study design
genetic syndrome and disease associated with periodontal diseases, heretibility of periodontal disease, gene library, gene therapy
This document discusses gingival enlargement and its classification and management. It begins by defining gingival enlargement and discussing its classification according to etiological factors, location, and degree. It then covers various indices used to measure gingival enlargement. The document discusses inflammatory enlargement, drug-induced gingival overgrowth, idiopathic enlargement, and enlargements associated with systemic diseases. Management techniques for different types of gingival enlargement such as scaling, surgery, and changing medications are presented.
This document discusses various surgical techniques for preserving the interdental papilla during periodontal regeneration procedures. It describes the conventional papilla preservation flap technique introduced by Takei in 1985, as well as several modifications including the modified papilla preservation flap, simplified papilla preservation flap, interproximal tissue maintenance technique, and whale's tail technique. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are summarized. A novel entire papilla preservation technique introduced in 2015 is also outlined, which aims to completely preserve the interdental papilla.
Periodontal medicine is the study of the relationship between periodontal health and systemic health. Periodontal disease can influence systemic health through direct effects of bacteria or indirect host-mediated inflammatory responses. Periodontitis has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and preterm low birth weight. Treatment of periodontal infection may help improve glycemic control in diabetic patients and reduce systemic inflammation.
This document discusses different types of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis including non-AIDS type and AIDS-associated type. It also discusses refractory periodontitis caused by abnormal host response, resistant bacteria, failure to remove plaque, and smoking. Microbial complexes associated with refractory periodontitis include Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy and local drug delivery. The document also discusses periodontitis caused by systemic diseases that impair neutrophil function such as Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, and Down syndrome.
This document provides an overview of periodontal dressings. It discusses the history of dressings from the early 20th century use of eugenol-containing dressings to the development of non-eugenol dressings. The ideal properties and types of dressings are described, including eugenol, non-eugenol, and those containing neither zinc oxide nor eugenol. Modifications to dressings through the addition of substances like chlorhexidine to improve antimicrobial activity are also summarized. The document concludes by stating that while dressings provide wound protection, mouthwashes are now preferred for their antimicrobial effects during healing.
Role of genetics in periodontal diseasesAnushri Gupta
Terminologies in Genetics
Genetic study design
genetic syndrome and disease associated with periodontal diseases, heretibility of periodontal disease, gene library, gene therapy
This document discusses gingival enlargement and its classification and management. It begins by defining gingival enlargement and discussing its classification according to etiological factors, location, and degree. It then covers various indices used to measure gingival enlargement. The document discusses inflammatory enlargement, drug-induced gingival overgrowth, idiopathic enlargement, and enlargements associated with systemic diseases. Management techniques for different types of gingival enlargement such as scaling, surgery, and changing medications are presented.
This document discusses various surgical techniques for preserving the interdental papilla during periodontal regeneration procedures. It describes the conventional papilla preservation flap technique introduced by Takei in 1985, as well as several modifications including the modified papilla preservation flap, simplified papilla preservation flap, interproximal tissue maintenance technique, and whale's tail technique. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique are summarized. A novel entire papilla preservation technique introduced in 2015 is also outlined, which aims to completely preserve the interdental papilla.
This document outlines the interrelationship between periodontal and restorative dentistry. It discusses the importance of periodontal therapy prior to restorative procedures to establish stable gingival margins. It describes the normal periodontium and biological width, as well as factors that can irritate the periodontium during and after restorative procedures. Key biological considerations for restorations are discussed, including margin placement, contours, contacts and embrasures. Guidelines are provided for evaluating and correcting violations of biological width to minimize risks to periodontal health from restorative work.
This document discusses the effects of external forces on the periodontium. It states that the magnitude, direction, duration and frequency of occlusal forces influence the periodontal response. Increased forces can cause thickening of the periodontal ligament and bone, while changes in direction may cause injury. Constant pressure is more injurious than intermittent forces. Trauma from occlusion refers to tissue injury caused when forces exceed the tissues' adaptive capacity. Primary trauma results from direct changes to occlusion, while secondary trauma occurs when adaptive capacity is reduced by bone loss.
PERIODONTAL MEDICINE AN OVERVIEWPERIODONTAL MEDICINE AN OVERVIEWSupriyoGhosh15
This document provides an overview of periodontal medicine, which deals with the bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease. It discusses the focal infection theory and renewed interest in the association between oral and systemic disease. Evidence is presented linking periodontal disease to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight. The biological plausibility and impact of periodontal treatment on inflammatory markers and health outcomes is also summarized. While observational studies support an association, randomized controlled trials are still needed to establish causality between periodontal disease and systemic conditions.
Attached gingiva and procedures for gingival augmentationPeriowiki.com
The document discusses attached gingiva and procedures for gingival augmentation. It defines attached gingiva and explains its clinical significance as a barrier against microbes and irritants. The width and thickness of attached gingiva can be measured using various methods and are influenced by factors like age, tooth position, and frenal attachments. Adequate attached gingiva is important for periodontal health and limiting recession, though its width alone does not prevent recession. In restorative dentistry, at least 2mm of attached gingiva is recommended when crowns are placed close to or below the gingival margin to avoid inflammation and recession.
Scaling and root planing (SRP) is a non-surgical treatment for periodontitis that aims to remove dental plaque and calculus from tooth surfaces. It involves scaling to remove deposits and root planing to smooth root surfaces. The goals are to eliminate periodontitis by removing irritants and restoring a healthy environment for tissue healing. The long-term effectiveness depends on factors like patient compliance, disease severity, and anatomical challenges. Overhanging restorations can interfere with cleaning and disturb the ecological balance, allowing disease-causing bacteria to proliferate.
The document summarizes the key phases and techniques involved in nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). It discusses the goals of NSPT to eliminate pathogens and halt disease progression. Techniques include scaling and root planing to remove calculus, contaminated cementum, and bacterial toxins. Studies found that aggressive root planing is not needed and that clinical improvements result from scaling alone or with root planing. The effects of NSPT on subgingival microflora and selection of instrumentation techniques are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus and its relationship to periodontal disease. It begins with definitions of diabetes and classifications of the different types. It then discusses the history, epidemiology, diagnosis, complications, and relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. Specifically, it notes that diabetes is a risk factor for more severe periodontal disease and periodontal disease can worsen glycemic control in diabetes patients. The two-way relationship between periodontal infections and diabetes is explored.
The document discusses furcation, which refers to the anatomical area where tooth roots divide. It defines furcation as a complex area that is difficult to clean. Factors like root anatomy, length, and enamel projections can influence furcation involvement. Furcation involvement is graded on a scale from I-IV based on probing depth and bone loss. Nonsurgical treatments include scaling and root planing while surgical options range from osseous resection to hemisection depending on the grade. Prognosis is best when thorough diagnosis and treatment are combined with good oral hygiene.
1. A periodontal splint is an appliance used to stabilize mobile teeth and promote healing. It prevents mobility during chewing and allows non-mobile teeth to heal faster.
2. Splints are classified based on the period of use, material type, and location on teeth. Common splints include direct bonding resins, intracoronal wires, and bite guards.
3. Principles of splinting include including healthy teeth, splinting around the arch, and ensuring proper plaque control and occlusion. Splints distribute forces and are indicated to stabilize mobility and trauma, but can hamper hygiene and unevenly distribute forces if not fabricated properly.
This document discusses aggressive periodontitis, providing definitions, classifications, clinical features, risk factors, and management approaches. Aggressive periodontitis is defined as a severe, rapidly progressing form of periodontitis typically affecting younger patients. It is classified into localized and generalized types based on distribution of attachment and bone loss. Key clinical features include early onset, lack of inflammation despite deep pockets, and familial aggregation. Risk factors include specific pathogens like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, immunological and genetic factors. Management involves non-surgical therapies like scaling and antibiotics, surgical therapies like bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration, as well as
Necrotising periodontal diseases, Necrotising periodontal diseases as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
By Dr. Ritam Kundu, MDS PGT, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India.
The periodontal dressing is a physical barrier that is placed in the surgical site to protect the healing tissues from the forces produced during mastication, for comfort and close adaptation.
This document discusses prognosis in periodontal disease. Prognosis is the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. It is determined before treatment based on disease characteristics and previous experience. Prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless depending on factors like bone loss, furcation involvement, and patient compliance. Systemic factors like smoking and diabetes can affect prognosis. Anatomical root characteristics also influence prognosis. The relationship between diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.
This document provides an overview of gingival enlargement, including definitions, classifications, causes, clinical features, and management. It defines key terms like gingival enlargement, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy. Causes discussed include inflammation, drugs, systemic diseases, tumors, and false enlargement. Conditioned enlargements associated with pregnancy, puberty, vitamin C deficiency, and plasma cell gingivitis are explained. Systemic diseases that can cause enlargement include leukemia and granulomatous diseases. The document also discusses syndromes associated with gingival enlargement and summarizes microscopic features.
2017 classification of periodontal and periimplant diseasesDr. Bibina George
The document summarizes the key changes in the 2017 classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases compared to the 1999 classification. The 2017 classification introduces staging and grading systems for periodontitis to indicate disease severity and risk of progression. It also includes classifications for peri-implant health, mucositis, and implantitis, as well as mucogingival deformities. The document reviews these changes and provides references for the revised classification system.
This document summarizes various risk factors associated with periodontal disease. It discusses both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, stress, drugs, systemic diseases, nutrition, genetics, socioeconomic status, and gender. Specific conditions like type 1 and type 2 diabetes are explained in more detail. The relationship between periodontal disease and various systemic conditions is also covered briefly.
This document discusses periodontal regeneration and the various factors involved. It begins by defining key terminology related to grafting and regeneration. It then discusses the biology and objectives of periodontal regeneration, including the ideal outcome of new attachment formation and factors that can influence outcomes. The document outlines various techniques for periodontal regeneration including non-graft associated approaches involving removal of epithelium and surgical techniques, as well as graft-associated approaches using various graft materials. Requirements for predictable regeneration and assessment methods are also summarized.
This document discusses factors that are considered when determining a prognosis for periodontal disease. It outlines different types of prognoses from excellent to hopeless based on factors like bone loss and furcation involvement. Overall clinical factors like age, disease severity, plaque control, and patient compliance are discussed. Systemic factors like smoking and genetic factors are also outlined. Local factors like plaque, calculus, and subgingival restorations are covered. The relationship between prognosis and restorative and prosthetic needs is also summarized.
The document discusses the determination of prognosis and phases of periodontal treatment. It defines prognosis as a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. Prognosis is determined by specific disease information and treatment options, and can be influenced by clinical experience. Prognosis is re-evaluated over time. Factors like attachment loss, furcation involvement, tooth mobility, and patient compliance impact the prognosis, which can be good, fair, poor, or questionable. Periodontal treatment involves preliminary, nonsurgical, surgical, restorative, and maintenance phases to eliminate etiological factors, control disease, and stabilize the periodontal condition. The response to initial therapy further informs the accuracy
This document outlines the interrelationship between periodontal and restorative dentistry. It discusses the importance of periodontal therapy prior to restorative procedures to establish stable gingival margins. It describes the normal periodontium and biological width, as well as factors that can irritate the periodontium during and after restorative procedures. Key biological considerations for restorations are discussed, including margin placement, contours, contacts and embrasures. Guidelines are provided for evaluating and correcting violations of biological width to minimize risks to periodontal health from restorative work.
This document discusses the effects of external forces on the periodontium. It states that the magnitude, direction, duration and frequency of occlusal forces influence the periodontal response. Increased forces can cause thickening of the periodontal ligament and bone, while changes in direction may cause injury. Constant pressure is more injurious than intermittent forces. Trauma from occlusion refers to tissue injury caused when forces exceed the tissues' adaptive capacity. Primary trauma results from direct changes to occlusion, while secondary trauma occurs when adaptive capacity is reduced by bone loss.
PERIODONTAL MEDICINE AN OVERVIEWPERIODONTAL MEDICINE AN OVERVIEWSupriyoGhosh15
This document provides an overview of periodontal medicine, which deals with the bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease. It discusses the focal infection theory and renewed interest in the association between oral and systemic disease. Evidence is presented linking periodontal disease to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm birth and low birth weight. The biological plausibility and impact of periodontal treatment on inflammatory markers and health outcomes is also summarized. While observational studies support an association, randomized controlled trials are still needed to establish causality between periodontal disease and systemic conditions.
Attached gingiva and procedures for gingival augmentationPeriowiki.com
The document discusses attached gingiva and procedures for gingival augmentation. It defines attached gingiva and explains its clinical significance as a barrier against microbes and irritants. The width and thickness of attached gingiva can be measured using various methods and are influenced by factors like age, tooth position, and frenal attachments. Adequate attached gingiva is important for periodontal health and limiting recession, though its width alone does not prevent recession. In restorative dentistry, at least 2mm of attached gingiva is recommended when crowns are placed close to or below the gingival margin to avoid inflammation and recession.
Scaling and root planing (SRP) is a non-surgical treatment for periodontitis that aims to remove dental plaque and calculus from tooth surfaces. It involves scaling to remove deposits and root planing to smooth root surfaces. The goals are to eliminate periodontitis by removing irritants and restoring a healthy environment for tissue healing. The long-term effectiveness depends on factors like patient compliance, disease severity, and anatomical challenges. Overhanging restorations can interfere with cleaning and disturb the ecological balance, allowing disease-causing bacteria to proliferate.
The document summarizes the key phases and techniques involved in nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). It discusses the goals of NSPT to eliminate pathogens and halt disease progression. Techniques include scaling and root planing to remove calculus, contaminated cementum, and bacterial toxins. Studies found that aggressive root planing is not needed and that clinical improvements result from scaling alone or with root planing. The effects of NSPT on subgingival microflora and selection of instrumentation techniques are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus and its relationship to periodontal disease. It begins with definitions of diabetes and classifications of the different types. It then discusses the history, epidemiology, diagnosis, complications, and relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. Specifically, it notes that diabetes is a risk factor for more severe periodontal disease and periodontal disease can worsen glycemic control in diabetes patients. The two-way relationship between periodontal infections and diabetes is explored.
The document discusses furcation, which refers to the anatomical area where tooth roots divide. It defines furcation as a complex area that is difficult to clean. Factors like root anatomy, length, and enamel projections can influence furcation involvement. Furcation involvement is graded on a scale from I-IV based on probing depth and bone loss. Nonsurgical treatments include scaling and root planing while surgical options range from osseous resection to hemisection depending on the grade. Prognosis is best when thorough diagnosis and treatment are combined with good oral hygiene.
1. A periodontal splint is an appliance used to stabilize mobile teeth and promote healing. It prevents mobility during chewing and allows non-mobile teeth to heal faster.
2. Splints are classified based on the period of use, material type, and location on teeth. Common splints include direct bonding resins, intracoronal wires, and bite guards.
3. Principles of splinting include including healthy teeth, splinting around the arch, and ensuring proper plaque control and occlusion. Splints distribute forces and are indicated to stabilize mobility and trauma, but can hamper hygiene and unevenly distribute forces if not fabricated properly.
This document discusses aggressive periodontitis, providing definitions, classifications, clinical features, risk factors, and management approaches. Aggressive periodontitis is defined as a severe, rapidly progressing form of periodontitis typically affecting younger patients. It is classified into localized and generalized types based on distribution of attachment and bone loss. Key clinical features include early onset, lack of inflammation despite deep pockets, and familial aggregation. Risk factors include specific pathogens like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, immunological and genetic factors. Management involves non-surgical therapies like scaling and antibiotics, surgical therapies like bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration, as well as
Necrotising periodontal diseases, Necrotising periodontal diseases as a manifestation of systemic diseases.
By Dr. Ritam Kundu, MDS PGT, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India.
The periodontal dressing is a physical barrier that is placed in the surgical site to protect the healing tissues from the forces produced during mastication, for comfort and close adaptation.
This document discusses prognosis in periodontal disease. Prognosis is the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. It is determined before treatment based on disease characteristics and previous experience. Prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless depending on factors like bone loss, furcation involvement, and patient compliance. Systemic factors like smoking and diabetes can affect prognosis. Anatomical root characteristics also influence prognosis. The relationship between diagnosis and prognosis is discussed.
This document provides an overview of gingival enlargement, including definitions, classifications, causes, clinical features, and management. It defines key terms like gingival enlargement, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy. Causes discussed include inflammation, drugs, systemic diseases, tumors, and false enlargement. Conditioned enlargements associated with pregnancy, puberty, vitamin C deficiency, and plasma cell gingivitis are explained. Systemic diseases that can cause enlargement include leukemia and granulomatous diseases. The document also discusses syndromes associated with gingival enlargement and summarizes microscopic features.
2017 classification of periodontal and periimplant diseasesDr. Bibina George
The document summarizes the key changes in the 2017 classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases compared to the 1999 classification. The 2017 classification introduces staging and grading systems for periodontitis to indicate disease severity and risk of progression. It also includes classifications for peri-implant health, mucositis, and implantitis, as well as mucogingival deformities. The document reviews these changes and provides references for the revised classification system.
This document summarizes various risk factors associated with periodontal disease. It discusses both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, stress, drugs, systemic diseases, nutrition, genetics, socioeconomic status, and gender. Specific conditions like type 1 and type 2 diabetes are explained in more detail. The relationship between periodontal disease and various systemic conditions is also covered briefly.
This document discusses periodontal regeneration and the various factors involved. It begins by defining key terminology related to grafting and regeneration. It then discusses the biology and objectives of periodontal regeneration, including the ideal outcome of new attachment formation and factors that can influence outcomes. The document outlines various techniques for periodontal regeneration including non-graft associated approaches involving removal of epithelium and surgical techniques, as well as graft-associated approaches using various graft materials. Requirements for predictable regeneration and assessment methods are also summarized.
This document discusses factors that are considered when determining a prognosis for periodontal disease. It outlines different types of prognoses from excellent to hopeless based on factors like bone loss and furcation involvement. Overall clinical factors like age, disease severity, plaque control, and patient compliance are discussed. Systemic factors like smoking and genetic factors are also outlined. Local factors like plaque, calculus, and subgingival restorations are covered. The relationship between prognosis and restorative and prosthetic needs is also summarized.
The document discusses the determination of prognosis and phases of periodontal treatment. It defines prognosis as a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease based on knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. Prognosis is determined by specific disease information and treatment options, and can be influenced by clinical experience. Prognosis is re-evaluated over time. Factors like attachment loss, furcation involvement, tooth mobility, and patient compliance impact the prognosis, which can be good, fair, poor, or questionable. Periodontal treatment involves preliminary, nonsurgical, surgical, restorative, and maintenance phases to eliminate etiological factors, control disease, and stabilize the periodontal condition. The response to initial therapy further informs the accuracy
This document discusses factors involved in determining the prognosis of periodontal disease. It defines prognosis as the prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease. Prognosis is determined after diagnosis and before treatment planning. It is influenced by the patient's history, risk factors, response to previous treatment, and the clinician's experience. The document outlines various factors to consider like patient age, disease severity, plaque control, systemic conditions, smoking, stress, anatomic factors, mobility, restorations, and response to initial therapy. Both overall prognosis for the dentition and individual tooth prognosis are important. The prognosis can be reevaluated after treatment.
This document outlines the process and factors involved in diagnosing and determining the prognosis of periodontal diseases. Diagnosis involves a thorough medical and dental history, clinical examination including probing, radiographs, and other tests to determine the type, extent, severity and cause of periodontal disease present. The prognosis takes into account disease severity and extent, oral hygiene ability, systemic factors like smoking, genetic risks, and anatomic and restorative challenges that could impact treatment outcomes. Prognosis can range from excellent to hopeless depending on these various clinical factors.
This document discusses factors that determine prognosis in periodontal disease treatment. It defines prognosis as predicting the course and outcome of a disease based on general knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. Prognosis depends on overall factors like type and severity of periodontitis, age, systemic conditions, and individual factors like percentage of bone loss, pocket depth, and furcation involvement. A patient's prognosis can range from excellent to hopeless depending on these factors. The document provides details on how factors affect prognosis and clinical implications for determining prognoses as good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless.
The document discusses factors involved in determining the prognosis and treatment plan for periodontal disease. It defines prognosis as a prediction of the course and outcome of a disease based on risk factors. Several types of prognoses are described from excellent to poor based on remaining bone support, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, maintenance difficulties, and presence of systemic/environmental factors. Both overall and individual tooth prognoses are considered based on patient age, disease severity, plaque control, compliance, smoking, systemic disease, genetic factors, subgingival restorations, and anatomic root factors. A favorable prognosis requires adequate bone support, control of etiologic factors, patient cooperation and absence of negative systemic influences.
This document discusses prognosis determination in periodontics. Prognosis is the prediction of disease outcome based on knowledge of risk factors and pathogenesis. It is determined before treatment and based on specific disease information, previous experience, and presence of local and systemic risk factors. Prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor, questionable or hopeless depending on factors like bone loss, patient cooperation, and control of etiologic factors. Both overall and individual tooth prognosis are affected by clinical, systemic/environmental, local, and prosthetic/restorative factors. Reevaluation of prognosis after initial therapy can provide a better prediction of treatment success or failure.
The document discusses factors that determine the prognosis of periodontal disease and dental treatment. It identifies local factors like plaque, calculus and tooth anatomy as well as systemic factors like smoking and genetics. The prognosis can be excellent, good, fair, poor or questionable depending on the number of risk factors present and their severity. Overall prognosis influences the prognosis of individual teeth.
This document discusses aggressive periodontitis, including its definition, classification, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities. Aggressive periodontitis is defined as a rare, severe form of periodontitis characterized by early onset and familial aggregation. It can be localized or generalized. Treatment involves nonsurgical and surgical therapies like scaling and root planing as well as adjunctive systemic or local antibiotics. Maintaining frequent periodontal maintenance visits is important for long-term disease control.
Periodontal risk & making risk assessmentibrahimaziz15
Periodontal risk and risk assessment is very importnant in monitoring periodontally affected patients, this seminar will give you an idea about periodontal risk factors and how to make a periodontal risk assessment for patients.
This document discusses factors that determine the prognosis of periodontal diseases. It outlines several categories of factors: overall clinical factors like patient age and disease severity; systemic/environmental factors like smoking and genetic predispositions; local factors like plaque, subgingival restorations, and anatomic considerations; and prosthetic/restorative factors. Within each category, specific factors are described in detail and their impact on prognosis is explained. The relationship between diagnosis and prognosis is also addressed. Different periodontal diseases like chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis are discussed in terms of their typical prognosis.
Aggressive periodontitis is a rare, severe form of periodontitis characterized by rapid attachment and bone loss. It typically affects younger patients and has a familial pattern. The localized form primarily affects molars and incisors, while the generalized form affects at least three teeth other than molars and incisors. Risk factors include genetics and bacterial pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Treatment involves non-surgical scaling and root planing, antibiotics, surgery, and long-term maintenance to manage recurrence and prevent further tooth loss.
Risk factors for periodontal disease can be divided into modifiable risk factors like smoking and diabetes, and non-modifiable risk determinants like genetics. The development of periodontitis depends on both the specific bacteria involved and an individual's risk factor profile. Major risk factors include smoking, diabetes, stress, certain drugs, systemic diseases, and nutrition. Genetics, socioeconomic status, and gender can also influence risk. A thorough patient history is important to identify all relevant risk factors to guide treatment planning and prognosis.
This document discusses prognosis in periodontal disease. It defines prognosis as the prediction of the course and outcome of a disease based on general knowledge of pathogenesis and risk factors. Prognosis is classified on a scale from excellent to hopeless based on factors like bone loss, patient cooperation, and systemic conditions. Key prognostic factors include disease severity, plaque control, smoking, diabetes, genetic factors, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, and anatomic abnormalities. A favorable prognosis indicates periodontal stability with treatment, while an unfavorable prognosis means further breakdown is likely despite therapy. Prognosis for gingivitis is generally good if plaque is controlled, while prognosis for periodontitis depends on the severity and controllability of local and
The document discusses the history and evolution of periodontal prognosis systems. Traditional systems assigned prognosis based on anatomical factors like bone loss and mobility, but did not consider systemic factors. More recent systems provide more detailed classifications of individual tooth prognosis as favorable, questionable, unfavorable or hopeless based on probability of maintaining periodontal stability. Prognosis is influenced by local factors like attachment loss and furcation involvement as well as patient compliance with maintenance and systemic factors like smoking and diabetes.
This document discusses the epidemiology of periodontal disease. It begins by defining key terms like periodontitis, gingivitis, dental plaque, and calculus. It then discusses the prevalence and distribution of periodontal diseases globally and over age, noting that over 70% of adults worldwide have some degree of gingivitis or periodontitis. While gingivitis and calculus tend to be more prevalent and severe in low-income countries, the prevalence of severe periodontitis shows fewer global differences. The document also outlines methods used for measuring and classifying periodontal diseases in epidemiological studies.
AAP 2017 CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE PART 1Babu Mitzvah
This document outlines the proceedings of a world workshop on classifying periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. It discusses the need to update the 1999 classification system to current understanding. The outline covers periodontal health, gingival diseases, periodontitis, peri-implant diseases and key changes. Specifically, it defines periodontal health as having less than 10% bleeding sites and no probing depths over 3mm. It also discusses categories for periodontal health with an intact versus reduced periodontium, such as for successfully treated periodontitis patients.
This document discusses prognosis and treatment planning in periodontology. It defines prognosis as the prediction of the course and outcome of a disease based on risk and prognostic factors. Prognosis is determined after diagnosis and before establishing a treatment plan. A treatment plan outlines the short, intermediate, and long-term goals of therapy to eliminate infection, restore tissue, and maintain oral health through prevention and supportive care over many years. The prognosis and success of treatment depends on factors like disease severity, biofilm control, patient compliance, systemic health, and local anatomical considerations.
Similar to DETERMINATION OF PROGNOSIS IN PERIODONTICS.pptx (20)
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
2. CONTENTS
Definition
Determination of prognosis
Types of prognosis
Factors affecting prognosis
Relationship between diagnosis and prognosis
Reevaluation of prognosis after phase I Therapy
Conclusion
Referencess
3. Made before treatment plan is established
Based on: Specific information of the disease
Previous treatment
Risk factors
Risk : Likelihood that an individual will get a disease in a specified period of
time.
4. Classification of prognosis
Overall prognosis: Which is considered with the patient and dentition as a whole and
determined by several factors including the type of disease , age of the patient ,
systemic background etc
Individual tooth prognosis: The individual tooth prognosis is determined after overall
prognosis and is affected by it.
5. Types of prognosis
Prognosis is classified into five types:
Good prognosis:
Control of etiologic factors and adequate periodontal support ensure the tooth will
be easy to maintain by the patient and clinician
6. Fair prognosis Approximately 25% attachment loss or grade I furcation invasion
(location and depth allow proper maintenance with good patient compliance)
Poor prognosis: 50% attachment loss, grade II furcation invasion
(location and depth make maintenance possible but dificult)
7. Questionable prognosis: >50% attachment loss, poor crown-to-root ratio, poor root form, grade II
furcation invasion (location and depth make access dificult) or grade III furcation invasion;
mobility no. 2 or no. 3; root proximity
Hopeless prognosis: Inadequate attachment to maintain health, comfort, and function
8. Individual tooth prognosis
Percentage of bone loss
Deepest probing depth
Horizontal | vertical bone loss
Deepest furcation involment
Mobility
Crown to root ratio
Root form
Caries or pulpal involvement
Tooth malposition
Fixed/Removable Prosthesis
Overall tooth prognosis
Age
Medical history
Family history
Oral hygiene
Parafunctional habits
Patient compliance
9. Provisional prognosis
The provisional prognosis allows the clinician to initiate treatment of teeth that
have a doubtful outlook in the hope that a favorable response may tip the balance
and allow teeth to be retained. The reevaluation phase in the treatment sequence
allows the clinician to examine the tissue response to scaling, oral hygiene, and
root planning, as well as to the possible use of chemotherapeutic agents where
indicated. The patient's compliance with the proposed treatment plan also can be
determined.
10.
11. FACTORS IN DETERMINATION OF PROGNOSIS
Overall Clinical Factors
Patient age
Disease severity
plaque control
Patient compliance
12. Patient age
Younger patient
Shorter time frame
Systemic disease
smoking
With same amount
of connective tissue
attachment loss and
bone loss
Older patient
Longer time frame
Systemic conditions
smoking
16. Systemic and Environmental Factors
1)Smoking
There is direct relationship between smoking and the prevalence & incidence of
periodontitis
It enhances the periodontal destruction and affects the healing potential of
periodontal tissues.
Smoking cessation can affect the treatment outcome and therefore the prognosis.
2) Genetic factors: IL- 1 genotype pleomorphism and IgG
3) Stress
17. Local Factors
Plaque and calculus :
Bacterial plaque and calculus - most important local factor in periodontal
diseases.
Good prognosis- depends on ability of patient and clinician to remove
etiological factor
SUBGINGIVAL RESTORATIONS : Contribute to
Increased plaque accumulation
Increased inflammation
Increased bone loss
Subgingival margins - poor prognosis
18. Anatomic Factors
1. Short tapered roots: Disproportionate crown to root ratio
2. Cervical enamel projections: Extension of thre cervical enamel margin in furcation area. This
projections may favour the onset of periodontal lesions.
3. Enamel pearl : small focal mass apical to CEJ
20. Prosthetic and Restorative Factors
Abutment selection: Teeth that severe as abutments are subjected to increase functional
demands.
Caries: A tooth with a post that has undergone endodontic treatment is more likely to fracture
when serving as a distal abutment supporting a RPD
Nonvital teeth : The periodontal prognosis of treated nonvital teeth does not differ from that of
vital teeth.
Root resorption: resorption resulting from orthodontic therapy affects the stability of teeth and
respone to periodontal tretment
21. Prosthetic and Restorative Factors
Abutment selection: Teeth that severe as abutments are subjected to increase
functional demands.
(The individual tooth prognosis and overall prognosis overlap. In prosthetic
rehabilitation and depending on the need of functional or asthetic pupose of the
teeth)
22.
23. Relationship between diagnosis and prognosis of
disease
Factors such as patients age, severity of disease, genetic susceptibility and
presence of systemic disease are important criteria in the diagnosis of the
condition and in developing a prognosis.
For every given diagnosis there should be expected prognosis
24. Prognosis of specific periodontal disease
I )BIOFILM - INDUCED GINGIVAL DISEASES
A)Gingivitis associated with plaque only
Condition is reversible
Prognosis : Good (provided all irritant factors are removed)
25. B)Gingivitis associated with systemic disease
The inflammatory response to bacterial plaque can be influenced by systemic
factors, such as endocrine related changes associated with puberty, pregnancy and
and diabetes.
Long term prognosis depends - control of bacterial plaque along with correction
of the systemic factors
26. C) Plaque induced gingival disease modified by medications:
Drug induced gingival enlargement often seen with phenytoin,
cyclosporin, nifedipine and in oral contraceptive associated
gingivitis.
Plaque control alone does not prevent the development of lesions,
and surgical intervention is usually necessary to correct the
alteration of gingival contours
27.
28. D)Gingival diseases modified by malnutrition
vitamin C deficiency (gingival inflammation and bleeding on
probing independent of plaque levels present)
Prognosis of these patients depend upon the severity and
duration of the deficiency and on the likelihood of reversing
the deficiency through dietary supplements
29. II. Non plaque induced gingival lesions
Seen in patients with a variety of bacterial, fungal and viral
infections.
Dermatologic disorders such as lichen planus, pemphigoid,
pemphigus vulgaris, erythema multiforme, and lupus
erythematosus can also manifest in oral cavity as atypical
gingivitis.
Allergic, toxic, and foreign body reactions, as well as
mechanical and thermal trauma, can result in gingival lesions
30. Prognosis for patients with periodontitis
CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS
In cases where clinical attachment loss and bone loss are not very
advanced (slight to moderate periodontitis) - prognosis - good.
The inflammation - controlled through good oral hygiene and the
removal of local plaque retentive factors
31. AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
Poor prognosis
Localized aggressive periodontitis –
Occurs around puberty
Localized to first molars and incisors
Patient exhibits strong serum antibody
32. Diagnosed early - can be treated conservatively with oral
hygiene instructions and systemic antibiotic therapy -
excellent prognosis.
Advanced diseases - prognosis can be good if the lesions
are treated with debridement, local and systemic antibiotics,
and regenerative therapy.
33. Generalised aggressive periodontitis:
fair, poor or questionable prognosis due to generalized
interproximal loss, poor antibody response and thus poor
response to conventional periodontal therapy.
34. PERIODONTITIS AS A MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC
DISEASES
It can be divided into two categories: -
periodontitis associated with hematologic disorders such as leukemia and
acquired neutropenia.
periodontitis associated with genetic disorders such as familial and cyclic
neutropenia, down syndrome and hypophosphatasia.
Primary etiologic factor - bacterial plaque
Systemic diseases affect the progression of disease and thus prognosis.
35. GENETIC DISORDERS
HYPOPHOSPATASIA – Have decreased levels of alkaline phopotase
EHLERS DALON SYNDROME – A connective tissue disorder
LEUCOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROMRE
DOWN SYNDROME
36. Necrotising ulcerative periodontitis:
Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) :
In NUG - primary predisposing factor - bacterial
plaque.
Disease - complicated by presence of secondary
factors such as acute psychological stress, tobacco
smoking, poor nutrition leading to
immunosuppression.
With control of both bacterial plaque and secondary
factors prognosis of (NUG) is good, although tissue
destruction is not reversible.
37. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)
NUP is similar to that of NUG, except the necrosis
extends from the gingiva into the periodontal ligament
and alveolar bone.
Many patients presenting with NUP are
immunocompromised through systemic conditions, such
as HIV infection
38. REEVALUATION OF PROGNOSIS AFTER PHASE I
THERAPY
Reduction in pocket depth and inflammation after Phase
I therapy indicates a favorable response to treatment
and may suggest a better prognosis than previously
assumed.
If the inflammatory changes are not controlled or
reduced by phase I therapy- overall prognosis -
unfavorable.
In these patients the prognosis can be directly related
to the severity of inflammation
39. conclusion
Prognosis help us in planning the customized treatment
for each patient thus help in providing overall care to
patient. So it should be given due importance in general
clinical practice.
40. REFERNCES
Kwok V, Caton J: Prognosis revisited: a system for assigning periodontal prognosis,
J Periodontol 78:2063, 2007.
Newmans Carranza 13th edition
Lang N, Bartold PM, Cullinan M, et al: Consensus report: aggressive periodontitis,
Ann Periodontol 4:53, 1999
McGuire MK, Nunn ME: Prognosis versus actual outcome. III. The effectiveness of
clinical parameters in accurately predicting tooth survival, J Periodontol 67:666,
1996
Grewe JM, Meskin LH, Miller T: Cervical enamel projections: prevalence, location,
and extent; with associated periodontal implications, J Periodontol 36:460, 1965